Background
Methods
Data sources
Study population
Statistical analysis
Results
Participant selection
Demographic data | Patients with anxiety disorders | Patients without anxiety disorders |
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 7735 |
n = 7735 | ||||
n
| % |
n
| % | ||
Age (years)a
| 43 (33–55) | 43 (33–55) | |||
≥ 60 | 1417 | 18.3 | 1417 | 18.3 | >.999 |
< 60 | 6318 | 81.7 | 6318 | 81.7 | |
Sex | |||||
Male | 3225 | 41.7 | 3225 | 41.7 | >.999 |
Female | 4510 | 58.3 | 4510 | 58.3 | |
Comorbidities | |||||
Hypertension | 1932 | 25.0 | 966 | 12.5 | <.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 358 | 4.6 | 230 | 3.0 | <.001 |
Chronic liver diseases | 2314 | 29.9 | 857 | 11.1 | <.001 |
Autoimmune diseases | 679 | 8.8 | 311 | 4.0 | <.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 234 | 3.0 | 101 | 1.3 | <.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1411 | 18.0 | 620 | 8.0 | <.001 |
Nephropathy | 696 | 9.0 | 274 | 3.5 | <.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 792 | 10.2 | 279 | 3.6 | <.001 |
COPD | 1682 | 21.7 | 779 | 10.1 | <.001 |
Follow-up yearsa
| 11.24 (9.97–12.61) | 11.27 (10.00–12.64) | .012 |
Incidence rate of BPPV
Patients with anxiety disorders | Patients without anxiety disorders | Risk ratio (95 % CI) |
P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of BPPV | Per 1000 person-years | No. of BPPV | Per 1000 person-years | |||
Total | 178 | 2.05 | 71 | 0.81 | 2.52 (1.90–3.37) | <.001 |
Age | ||||||
≥ 60 | 45 | 2.82 | 16 | 0.99 | 2.85 (1.58–5.39) | <.001 |
< 60 | 133 | 1.87 | 55 | 0.77 | 2.43 (1.76–3.39) | <.001 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 52 | 1.43 | 25 | 0.68 | 2.09 (1.27–3.51) | .002 |
Female | 126 | 2.49 | 46 | 0.90 | 2.76 (1.95–3.96) | <.001 |
Effects of anxiety disorders on risk of BPPV
Predictive variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) |
P value | HR (95 % CI) |
P value | |
Anxiety disorders | 2.52 (1.92–3.32) | <.001 | 2.17 (1.63–2.90) | <.001 |
Age (≥60 = 1, <60 = 0) | 1.44 (1.08–1.92) | .014 | 1.09 (0.78–1.53) | .601 |
Sex (female = 1, male = 0) | 1.60 (1.23–2.10) | .001 | 1.65 (1.26–2.17) | <.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 1.76 (1.34–2.32) | <.001 | 1.06 (0.75–1.48) | .751 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.93 (1.18–3.15) | .009 | 1.18 (0.70–1.99) | .528 |
Chronic liver diseases | 1.48 (1.12–1.96) | .006 | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) | .719 |
Autoimmune diseases | 1.28 (0.80–2.04) | .309 | ||
Congestive heart failure | 1.95 (1.04–3.67) | .039 | 1.02 (0.52–1.98) | .958 |
Hyperlipidemia | 2.06 (1.53–2.76) | <.001 | 1.36 (0.96–1.92) | .084 |
Nephropathy | 2.46 (1.72–3.54) | <.001 | 1.69 (1.14–2.48) | .008 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2.33 (1.64–3.32) | <.001 | 1.51 (1.02–2.24) | .039 |
COPD | 1.87 (1.40–2.49) | <.001 | 1.35 (0.99–1.84) | .055 |
Risk factors for BPPV in patients with anxiety disorders
Predictive variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) |
P value | HR (95 % CI) |
P value | |
Age (≥60 = 1, <60 = 0) | 1.50 (1.07–2.10) | .019 | 1.13 (0.76–1.67) | .561 |
Sex (female = 1, male = 0) | 1.74 (1.26–2.41) | .001 | 1.81 (1.31–2.50) | <.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 1.56 (1.14–2.12) | .005 | 1.18 (0.81–1.71) | .392 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.99 (1.17–3.37) | .011 | 1.47 (0.84–2.57) | .173 |
Chronic liver diseases | 1.14 (0.84–1.57) | .403 | ||
Autoimmune diseases | 1.16 (0.70–1.91) | .566 | ||
Congestive heart failure | 1.55 (0.76–3.15) | .226 | ||
Hyperlipidemia | 3.74 (1.67–8.38) | <.001 | 1.24 (0.86–1.80) | .262 |
Nephropathy | 1.40 (0.89–2.21) | .146 | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | 1.90 (1.29–2.80) | .001 | 1.53 (1.00–2.34) | .050 |
COPD | 1.47 (1.06–2.04) | .021 | 1.27 (0.90–1.80) | .169 |