Background
Arts engagement
Arts engagement and mental health
Study aims
Methods
Participant recruitment and survey
Dependent variable: subjective mental well-being
Independent variable: hours engaged in the arts
Confounding and effect modifying variables
Variable | Level | n | % | 2011 Western Australian population % (n = 2.3 million people) | Arts engagement prevalence | WEMWBS | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Engaged in the arts |
p-value | Mean score | SD |
p-value | |||||
Demographics
| |||||||||
Sex | Male | 351 | 50.0 | 50 % | 75.5 |
p < 0.001 | 53.2 | 7.5 | NS (p = 0.41) |
Female | 351 | 50.0 | 50 % | 90.3 | 53.6 | 7.3 | |||
Age Group | 18–29 years | 63 | 9.0 | 15 % | 90.5 |
p = 0.013 | 52.8 | 6.8 |
p = 0.021 |
30–39 years | 61 | 8.7 | 14 % | 85.2 | 51.5 | 6.2 | |||
40–49 years | 115 | 16.4 | 15 % | 89.6 | 52.6 | 7.3 | |||
50–59 years | 170 | 24.2 | 13 % | 84.1 | 53.1 | 7.4 | |||
60 years and over | 293 | 41.7 | 18 % | 77.5 | 54.4 | 7.6 | |||
Location | Metropolitan | 487 | 69.4 | 76 % | 83.0 | NS (p = 0.96) | 53.3 | 7.2 | NS (p = 0.57) |
Country | 215 | 30.6 | 24 % | 82.8 | 53.6 | 7.8 | |||
Household Income ($AUD) | Less than $39,999 | 195 | 27.8 | 26 % | 77.4 | NS (p = 0.10) | 53.2 | 8.6 | NS (p = 0.87) |
$40,000 to $79,999 | 123 | 17.5 | 21 % | 82.1 | 53.2 | 7.5 | |||
$80,000 to $119,999 | 125 | 17.8 | 19 % | 87.2 | 53.4 | 6.2 | |||
$120,000 or more | 150 | 21.4 | 22 % | 87.3 | 54.0 | 6.8 | |||
Refused | 109 | 15.5 | 12 % | 82.6 | 53.3 | 7.1 | |||
Education | High school or less | 293 | 41.7 | 44 % | 76.1 |
p < 0.001 | 53.5 | 7.8 | NS (p = 0.48) |
Trade certificate or diploma | 162 | 23.1 | 26 % | 86.4 | 52.8 | 7.4 | |||
University degree or higher degree | 247 | 35.2 | 19 % | 88.7 | 53.7 | 6.8 | |||
Refused | 0 | 0.0 | 11 % | ||||||
Married or de-facto relationship | Yes | 464 | 66.1 | 60 % | 84.3 | NS (p = 0.18) | 54.0 | 6.7 |
p = 0.004 |
No | 238 | 33.9 | 40 % | 80.3 | 52.3 | 8.5 | |||
Children in household | Yes | 202 | 28.8 | 59 % | 87.1 | NS (p = 0.59) | 53.5 | 6.6 | NS (p = 0.55) |
No | 500 | 71.2 | 41 % | 81.2 | 53.1 | 7.7 | |||
In the previous 12 months
| |||||||||
Sports engagement | Yes | 465 | 66.2 | 67 % | 87.1 |
p < 0.001 | 53.8 | 7.0 | NS (p = 0.06) |
No | 237 | 33.8 | 33 % | 74.7 | 52.7 | 8.0 | |||
Attend religious services or events | Yes | 267 | 38.0 | - | 88.0 |
p = 0.005 | 53.8 | 7.5 | NS (p = 0.30) |
No | 435 | 62.0 | - | 79.8 | 53.2 | 7.3 | |||
Holiday | Yes | 384 | 54.7 | - | 88.8 |
p < 0.001 | 54.5 | 7.1 |
p < 0.001 |
No | 318 | 45.3 | - | 75.8 | 52.0 | 7.5 | |||
General health | Very bad | 9 | 1.3 | 4 % | 77.8 | NS (p = 0.66) | 45.9 | 9.7 |
p < 0.001 |
Bad | 23 | 3.3 | 73.9 | 45.1 | 10.0 | ||||
Fair | 123 | 17.5 | 10 % | 80.5 | 50.5 | 7.5 | |||
Good | 304 | 43.3 | 30 % | 84.2 | 53.4 | 6.6 | |||
Very Good | 243 | 34.6 | 56 % | 83.5 | 56.0 | 6.5 |
Data analysis
Ethics, consent and permissions
Results
Arts engagement
Arts engagement measure | Attendance | Participation | Learning | Work or volunteera
| Member | Overall arts engagement | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence of arts engagement in the previous 12 months | 77.8 % | 48.4 % | 11.4 % | 11.0 % | 10.3 % | 82.9 % | |
Days engaged in the arts in the previous 12 months | Mean | 5.66 | 20.67 | 1.76 | 2.63 | 2.35 | 33.06 |
SD | 8.33 | 46.17 | 7.94 | 10.82 | 9.19 | 56.93 | |
Median | 3.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.00 | |
IQR | 6.00 | 21.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 37.00 | |
Hours per day engaged in the arts in the previous 12 months | Mean | 2.28 | 1.39 | 0.39 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 2.44 |
SD | 1.84 | 1.94 | 1.29 | 1.61 | 0.95 | 1.81 | |
Median | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.07 | |
IQR | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.85 | |
Hours engaged in the arts in the previous 12 months | Mean | 16.09 | 63.32 | 5.32 | 9.04 | 7.02 | 100.80 |
SD | 25.11 | 170.99 | 26.93 | 45.47 | 30.92 | 205.99 | |
Median | 8.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 23.00 | |
IQR | 18.00 | 48.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 96.00 |
Arts engagement and mental well-being
Regression models | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. WEMWBS (Unadjusted Model) | 2. WEMWBS adjusted for demographics (age, sex, location, income, education, married, children) | 3. WEMWBS adjusted for demographics, general health, sports engagement, religious activities & holidays | |||||||
β | SE |
p-value | β | SE |
p-value | β | SE |
p-value | |
None vs High engagement | −2.01 | 0.87 | 0.0206 | −1.94 | 0.90 | 0.0307 | −1.60 | 0.85 | 0.0612 |
Low vs High engagement | −2.25 | 0.73 | 0.0022 | −2.22 | 0.74 | 0.0026 | −2.57 | 0.69 | 0.0002 |
Medium vs High engagement | −1.45 | 0.78 | 0.0650 | −1.40 | 0.79 | 0.0755 | −1.74 | 0.73 | 0.0178 |
Arts engagement | Mean Scores | Mean Scores | Mean Scores | ||||||
None/no art (n = 120) | 52.83 | 52.87 | 53.35 | ||||||
Low engagement (n = 230) | 52.59 | 52.59 | 52.38 | ||||||
Medium engagement (n = 172) | 53.40 | 53.41 | 53.21 | ||||||
High engagement (n = 180) | 54.84 | 54.81 | 54.95 | ||||||
F value | df | p-value | F value | df |
p-value | F value | df |
p-value | |
Overall Test – 4 groups (none, low, medium, high arts engagement)
| 3.48 | 3 | 0.0157 | 3.25 | 3 | 0.0215 | 4.67 | 3 | 0.0031 |
Overall Test – 3 groups (none, low, medium arts engagement)
| 0.59 | 2 | 0.5548 | 0.60 | 2 | 0.5482 | 1.03 | 2 | 0.3582 |
Overall Test – 2 groups (not high versus high arts engagement)a
| 9.26 | 1 | 0.0024 | 8.50 | 1 | 0.0037 | 11.74 | 1 | 0.0006 |