Introduction
Methods
Sampling
Study population
Physical activity assessment
Physical activity | ||
---|---|---|
Variable name | Variable assessment | Variable levels/unit |
Total physical activity | The sum of the total MET minutes of work-related, transport-related, and recreational activity | MET-minutes per week |
Vigorous intensity physical activity | Self-reported physical activity that significantly increases the heart beat rate and continues for at least 10 min, in either domains of work or leisure | Minutes |
Total work-related physical activity | Total work-related physical activity in minutes per week | Minutes per week |
Total transport related physical activity | Total transport related physical activity in minutes per week | Minutes per week |
Total recreational physical activity | Total recreational related physical activity in minutes per week | Minutes per week |
Work no activity | Self-reporting of no moderate or vigorous work-related physical activity | Yes, No |
Transport no activity | Self-reporting of no moderate or vigorous transport-related physical activity | Yes, No |
Recreational no activity | Self-reporting of no moderate or vigorous recreational physical activity | Yes, No |
Sedentary behavior | Self-report of total time spent in sedentary more than 4 h per day | Yes, No |
Sociodemographic | ||
Sex | Report of the interviewer proofed by ID card | Male, Female |
Age | Report of the interviewee proofed by ID card and categorized by WHO recommendations. | 18–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–69, 70 ≤ |
Residence area | Established geographical divisions of the country | Rural, Urban |
Marital status | Self-report | Married, Never married, Divorced or Living alone, Widow |
Occupation | Self-report | Non-paid or self-paid, Employee of governmental or non-governmental organization, Worker in a public or private section, Student, Soldier, Unemployed or Retired, Housekeeper |
Education | Self-report of number of completed education years | Illiterate, 1–6 years, 7–12 years, > 12 years |
Wealth index | Reduction of dimension in factor of wealth with PCA (Principle component analysis) model | 1st (poorest), 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th (richest) quintiles |
Life style | ||
Appropriate fruit and vegetable consumption | Self-report of less than 2 units of fruit and 3 units vegetable consumption per day | Yes, No |
High salt intake | Self-report of equal or more than 5 g salt consumption per day | Yes, No |
Smoking | Self-report of ever daily smoking | Ever smoker, never smoker |
Alcohol consumption | Self-report of ever alcohol consumption in the last month | Yes, No |
Injury | Self-report: any accident resulting in outpatient emergency room management or hospital admission in the last 12 months | Yes, No |
Personal car ownership | Self-report of ownership of a personal car | Yes, No |
Metabolic risk factors | ||
Hypertension | Self-report of past or present history of hypertension | Yes, No |
Past medical history of cardiovascular disease | Self-report past or present history of the myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular event in the past 12 months | Yes, No |
Diabetes mellitus | Fasting plasma glucose more than 126 | Yes, No |
Dyslipidemia | Serum total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dl (≥5·2 mmol/liter) | Yes, No |
Abdominal obesity | Waist circumference more than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women | Yes, No |
BMI (body mass index) | Calculated as measured weight in kilograms divided by square of measured height in meters | > 18·5: Underweight, 18·5–25: Normal, 25–30: Overweight, 30≤: Obese |
Data analysis
Role of the funding source
Results
Subjects
Insufficient physical activity scale of Iran’s population
Age categories | Total Frequency (95% CI) | Male Frequency (95% CI) | Female Frequency (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Population with insufficient physical activity | |||
18–24 | 51·6% (49·6–53·6) | 35·4% (32·4–38·5) | 63·4% (60·8–65·9) |
25–34 | 55·0% (53·7–56·3) | 41·8% (39·8–43·7) | 64·7% (63·1–66·3) |
35–44 | 56·1% (54·7–57·4) | 49·3% (47·2–51·3) | 61·4% (59·7–63·1) |
45–54 | 54·4% (53·0–55·8) | 49·4% (47·2–51·6) | 58·2% (56·4–60·1) |
55–64 | 54·5% (52·9–56·1) | 46·4% (44·0–48·8) | 61·3% (59·2–63·4) |
65–74 | 62·4% (60·4–64·5) | 49·5% (46·4–52·7) | 72·7% (70·2–75·2) |
75+ | 73·8% (71·5–76·1) | 62·6%(59·2–66) | 87·2% (84·7–89·8) |
18–64 | 54·7% (54·0–55·3) | 45·3% (44·3–46·3) | 61·9% (61·0–62·7) |
18–75+ | 56·3% (55·7–57·0) | 46·8% (45·9–47·7) | 63·9% (63·1–64·7) |
Population with no activity at work | |||
18–24 | 75·1% (73·3–76·9) | 68·4% (65·4–71·4) | 79·9% (77·8–82·1) |
25–34 | 71·8% (70·7–72·9) | 61·1% (59·2–63·1) | 79·6% (78·3–81·0) |
35–44 | 69·6% (68·4–70·9) | 61·2% (59·2–63·2) | 76·2% (74·7–77·7) |
45–54 | 71·8% (70·5–73·0) | 65·1% (63·0–67·2) | 76·9% (75·3–78·5) |
55–64 | 75·0% (73·6–76·4) | 69·6% (67·4–71·7) | 79·5% (77·8–81·2) |
65–74 | 80·1% (78·5–81·8) | 75·1% (72·4–77·7) | 84·2% (82·2–86·3) |
75+ | 87·7%(86·0–89·4) | 82·9% (80·2–85·5) | 93·6% (91·7–95·5) |
18–64 | 72·0% (71·0–72·0) | 64·0% (63·0–65·0) | 78·0% (77·0–78·0) |
18–75+ | 73·7% (73·1–74·2) | 66·4% (65·5–67·3) | 79·4% (78·8–80·1) |
Population with no activity at transport | |||
18–24 | 40·9% (38·9–42·9) | 36·6% (33·5–39·7) | 44·0% (41·4–46·6) |
25–34 | 44·2% (43·0–45·5) | 43% (41·0–44·9) | 45·1% (43·5–46·8) |
35–44 | 44·8% (43·5–46·2) | 46% (44·0–48·1) | 43·9% (42·1–45·7) |
45–54 | 43·5% (42·1–44·9) | 44·5% (42·3–46·6) | 42·8% (40·9–44·6) |
55–64 | 40% (38·5–41·6) | 36·1% (33·9–38·4) | 43·3% (41·1–45·4) |
65–74 | 47·9% (45·8–50·0) | 56·6% (53·8–59·4) | 37·1% (34·0–40·1) |
75+ | 62·5% (60·0–65·0) | 77·6% (74·3–80·8) | 50·0% (46·5–53·5) |
18–64 | 43·0% (42·0–43·0) | 42·0% (41·0–43·0) | 43·0% (43·0–44·0) |
18–75+ | 44·6% (43·9–45·2) | 42·2% (41·3–43·1) | 46·5% (45·6–47·3) |
Population with no recreational activity | |||
18–24 | 69·9% (68·0–71·8) | 51·5% (48·3–54·7) | 83·2% (81·2–85·2) |
25–34 | 77·4% (76·3–78·4) | 65·1% (63·3–67·0) | 86·3% (85·2–87·5) |
35–44 | 82·4% (81·4–83·4) | 75·5% (73·7–77·2) | 87·9% (86·7–89·0) |
45–54 | 85·8% (84·8–86·8) | 80·6% (78·9–82·3) | 89·8% (88·6–90·9) |
55–64 | 88·7% (87·7–89·7) | 84·8% (83·1–86·5) | 92·0% (90·8–93·2) |
65–74 | 91·4% (90·2–92·6) | 88·1% (86·0–90·2) | 94·0% (92·7–95·4) |
75+ | 95·7% (94·6–96·7) | 93·5% (91·7–95·3) | 98·3% (97·2–99·3) |
18–64 | 81·0% (80·0–81·0) | 72·0% (71·0–73·0) | 87·0% (87·0–88·0) |
18–75+ | 83·0% (82·6–83·5) | 75·5% (74·7–76·3) | 88·9% (88·4–89·5) |
Population with sedentary behavior | |||
18–24 | 38·8% (36·8–40·8) | 33·5% (30·5–36·6) | 42·6% (40·0–45·2) |
25–34 | 33·1% (31·9–34·3) | 30·2% (28·4–32·0) | 35·2% (33·6–36·8) |
35–44 | 30·5% (29·2–31·7) | 29·2% (27·3–31·1) | 31·5% (29·9–33·2) |
45–54 | 32·9% (31·5–34·2) | 32·6% (30·6–34·6) | 33·1% (31·3–34·9) |
55–64 | 36·7% (35·1–38·2) | 37·0% (34·7–39·3) | 36·4% (34·3–38·5) |
65–74 | 43·5% (41·4–45·6) | 40·5% (37·4–43·6) | 46·0% (43·2–48·8) |
75+ | 52·6% (50·0–55·1) | 49·1% (45·6–52·6) | 56·7% (52·9–60·5) |
18–64 | 33·0% (33·0–34·0) | 32·0% (31·0–32·0) | 34·0% (34·0–35·0) |
18–75+ | 35·5% (34·9–36·1) | 33·9% (33·0–34·8) | 36·8% (36·0–37·6) |
Total Calculated METs | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE |
18–24 | 1847·0 ± 64·8 | 2854·2 ± 123·5 | 1114·1 ± 58·8 |
25–34 | 1767·0 ± 39·9 | 2703·4 ± 77·8 | 1079·8 ± 34·3 |
35–44 | 1785·0 ± 42·6 | 2482·5 ± 79·9 | 1243·5 ± 41·0 |
45–54 | 1772·7 ± 45·2 | 2357·0 ± 84·7 | 1321·9 ± 44·5 |
55–64 | 1619·7 ± 45·0 | 2173·1 ± 79·9 | 1156·9 ± 46·0 |
65–74 | 1292·1 ± 54·1 | 1940·9 ± 102·4 | 772·3 ± 47·6 |
75+ | 864·0 ± 52·2 | 1288·8 ± 85·3 | 352·3 ± 44·3 |
18–64 | 1756·5 ± 20·4 | 2500·1 ± 38·5 | 1885·6 ± 19·2 |
18–75+ | 1669·2 ± 18·5 | 2371·5 ± 34·4 | 1114·6 ± 17·4 |
Percentage contribution of vigorous PA in total MET | Mean % ± SE | Mean % ± SE | Mean % ± SE |
18–24 | 20.75 ± 0.91 | 33.55 ± 1.47 | 8.48 ± 0.87 |
25–34 | 18.1 ± 0.54 | 29.13 ± 0.92 | 7.89 ± 0.50 |
35–44 | 15.98 ± 0.55 | 25.4 ± 0.95 | 7.70 ± 0.54 |
45–54 | 13.58 ± 0.54 | 21.14 ± 0.94 | 7.08 ± 0.55 |
55–64 | 10.21 ± 0.51 | 15.01 ± 0.87 | 5.43 ± 0.54 |
65–74 | 7.64 ± 0.65 | 10.67 ± 1.01 | 4.06 ± 0.72 |
75+ | 5.57 ± 0.84 | 5.87 ± 0.95 | 4.76 ± 1.71 |
18–64 | 15.64 ± 0.26 | 24.68 ± 0.45 | 7.33 ± 0.26 |
18–75+ | 14.69 ± 0.24 | 25.56 ± 0.41 | 7.06 ± 0.24 |
Domains of physical activity
Intensity of physical activity
Sedentary lifestyle
Associates of insufficient physical activity
Variable | Categories | Total | Male | Female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | ||
Sociodemographic Characteristics | ||||||||||
Gender | Female | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Male | 0·51 (0·48–0·54), P:< 0·001 | 0·62 (0·56–0·69), P:< 0·001 | 0·69 (0·58–0·82), P:< 0·001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Age | 18–24 years | 1·0 | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | 1·0 | – | 1·0 | 1·0 | – |
25–34 years | 1·15 (1·04–1·26), P:0·006 | 1·03 (0·92–1·16), P:0·579 | 1·0 | 1·31 (1·12–1·53), P:0·001 | 1·23 (1–1·51), P:0·048 | 1·0 | 1·06 (0·93–1·21), P:0·386 | 0·96 (0·83–1·12), P:0·635 | 1·0 | |
35–44 years | 1·2 (1·09–1·32), P:< 0·001 | 1·03 (0·91–1·17), P:0·636 | 0·99 (0·88–1·12), P:0·855 | 1·77 (1·51–2·07), P:< 0·001 | 1·58 (1·26–1·99), P:< 0·001 | 1·09 (0·9–1·33), P:0·37 | 0·92 (0·8–1·05), P:0·213 | 0·82 (0·7–0·96), P:0·013 | 0·92 (0·78–1·07), P:0·27 | |
45–54 years | 1·12 (1·01–1·24), P:0·028 | 0·9 (0·79–1·03), P:0·121 | 0·78 (0·68–0·89), P:< 0·001 | 1·78 (1·52–2·09), P:< 0·001 | 1·49 (1·18–1·89), P:0·001 | 0·91 (0·73–1·13), P:0·406 | 0·81 (0·7–0·92), P:0·002 | 0·67 (0·57–0·79), P:< 0·001 | 0·7 (0·59–0·84), P:< 0·001 | |
55–64 years | 1·13 (1·01–1·25), P:0·026 | 0·89 (0·77–1·02), P:0·098 | 0·76 (0·64–0·89), P:0·001 | 1·58 (1·34–1·86), P:< 0·001 | 1·2 (0·93–1·53), P:0·154 | 0·74 (0·57–0·95), P:0·018 | 0·92 (0·8–1·06), P:0·232 | 0·76 (0·64–0·91), P:0·002 | 0·78 (0·63–0·97), P:0·027 | |
Residence area | Rural | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Urban | 1·48 (1·39–1·57), P:< 0·001 | 1·61 (1·49–1·73), P:< 0·001 | 1·69 (1·52–1·88), P:< 0·001 | 1·51 (1·37–1·66), P:< 0·001 | 1·61 (1·42–1·81), P:< 0·001 | 1·76 (1·49–2·09), P:< 0·001 | 1·56 (1·44–1·69), P:< 0·001 | 1·63 (1·48–1·79), P:< 0·001 | 1·66 (1·45–1·9), P:< 0·001 | |
Marital status | Never married | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Married | 1·33 (1·24–1·43), P:< 0·001 | 1·28 (1·16–1·41), P:< 0·001 | 1·11 (0·94–1·3), P:0·219 | 1·42 (1·28–1·58), P:< 0·001 | 1·24 (1·06–1·46), P:0·007 | 1·25 (0·97–1·63), P:0·088 | 1·1 (0·99–1·22), P:0·07 | 1·1 (0·96–1·26), P:0·154 | 0·95 (0·77–1·19), P:0·673 | |
Divorced or Living alone | 1·6 (1·31–1·95), P:< 0·001 | 1·33 (1·07–1·66), P:0·011 | 1·37 (0·96–1·96), P:0·079 | 1·77 (1·15–2·7), P:0·009 | 1·58 (0·99–2·52), P:0·055 | 1·61 (0·76–3·42), P:0·212 | 1·09 (0·86–1·38), P:0·479 | 1·16 (0·9–1·5), P:0·254 | 1·25 (0·83–1·89), P:0·283 | |
Widow | 1·64 (1·4–1·93), P:< 0·001 | 1·25 (1·04–1·51), P:0·017 | 1·09 (0·83–1·45), P:0·529 | 1·95 (0·95–4·01), P:0·07 | 1·57 (0·71–3·46), P:0·262 | 1·14 (0·42–3·1), P:0·792 | 1·04 (0·87–1·24), P:0·654 | 1·13 (0·91–1·39), P:0·26 | 0·95 (0·69–1·3), P:0·743 | |
Occupation | Nonpaid & self-paid | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Employee | 1·42 (1·26–1·59), P:< 0·001 | 1·25 (1·1–1·43), P:0·001 | 1·1 (0·91–1·34), P:0·326 | 1·24 (1·08–1·42), P:0·002 | 1·21 (1·03–1·41), P:0·017 | 1·01 (0·8–1·28), P:0·94 | 1·61 (1·25–2·09), P:< 0·001 | 1·55 (1·17–2·05), P:0·002 | 1·46 (0·95–2·24), P:0·086 | |
Worker | 1·25 (1·09–1·45), P:0·002 | 1·08 (0·93–1·26), P:0·324 | 0·92 (0·72–1·17), P:0·503 | 1·19 (1–1·41), P:0·045 | 1·16 (0·96–1·38), P:0·118 | 1·04 (0·79–1·38), P:0·762 | 1·13 (0·85–1·5), P:0·401 | 1·03 (0·76–1·39), P:0·855 | 0·69 (0·42–1·16), P:0·161 | |
Student | 1·17 (1·02–1·33), P:0·022 | 1·08 (0·92–1·28), P:0·344 | 0·96 (0·63–1·47), P:0·853 | 0·72 (0·59–0·86), P:< 0·001 | 1·11 (0·87–1·43), P:0·396 | 0·79 (0·4–1·56), P:0·503 | 1·47 (1·15–1·87), P:0·002 | 1·27 (0·96–1·68), P:0·094 | 1·15 (0·6–2·19), P:0·675 | |
Soldier | 0·79 (0·48–1·3), P:0·357 | 0·95 (0·57–1·58), P:0·838 | 1·03 (0·29–3·66), P:0·969 | 0·82 (0·5–1·35), P:0·432 | 1·19 (0·71–2), P:0·514 | 1·28 (0·35–4·64), P:0·705 | – | – | – | |
Unemployed & retired | 1·41 (1·28–1·56), P:< 0·001 | 1·38 (1·24–1·54), P:< 0·001 | 1·3 (1·11–1·53), P:0·002 | 1·32 (1·19–1·48), P:< 0·001 | 1·4 (1·23–1·58), P:< 0·001 | 1·39 (1·15–1·67), P:0·001 | 1·45 (1·14–1·85), P:0·002 | 1·47 (1·14–1·9), P:0·003 | 1·16 (0·76–1·77), P:0·497 | |
Housekeeper | 2·11 (1·96–2·26), P:< 0·001 | 1·38 (1·23–1·54), P:< 0·001 | 1·35 (1·12–1·63), P:0·001 | 2·67 (1·73–4·11), P:< 0·001 | 2·57 (1·64–4·05), P:< 0·001 | 2·55 (1·4–4·65), P:0·002 | 1·59 (1·33–1·89), P:< 0·001 | 1·67 (1·39–2·01), P:< 0·001 | 1·4 (1·05–1·88), P:0·024 | |
Education | Illiterate | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | ||
1–6 years | 0·93 (0·84–1·03), P:0·172 | 0·93 (0·83–1·04), P:0·198 | 0·91 (0·79–1·06), P:0·226 | 0·87 (0·71–1·06), P:0·165 | 0·77 (0·62–0·95), P:0·016 | 0·74 (0·56–0·99), P:0·044 | 1·09 (0·97–1·23), P:0·166 | 0·96 (0·84–1·09), P:0·514 | 0·96 (0·81–1·13), P:0·599 | |
7–12 years | 0·98 (0·89–1·08), P:0·654 | 1·02 (0·91–1·14), P:0·745 | 0·97 (0·83–1·14), P:0·717 | 0·96 (0·8–1·16), P:0·668 | 0·91 (0·74–1·13), P:0·405 | 0·86 (0·64–1·15), P:0·308 | 1·24 (1·1–1·38), P:< 0·001 | 0·96 (0·84–1·11), P:0·608 | 0·95 (0·78–1·16), P:0·631 | |
> 12 years | 0·88 (0·79–0·97), P:0·013 | 0·94 (0·82–1·08), P:0·37 | 1·02 (0·84–1·24), P:0·857 | 0·84 (0·69–1·02), P:0·08 | 0·76 (0·6–0·96), P:0·022 | 0·81 (0·57–1·14), P:0·228 | 1·16 (1·02–1·32), P:0·022 | 0·99 (0·84–1·17), P:0·924 | 1·1 (0·86–1·4), P:0·461 | |
Wealth index | 1st quintile (poorest) | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
2nd quintile | 1·19 (1·09–1·31), P:< 0·001 | 1·03 (0·94–1·14), P:0·511 | 1·1 (0·96–1·27), P:0·172 | 1·06 (0·92–1·23), P:0·394 | 0·92 (0·78–1·08), P:0·282 | 0·95 (0·75–1·21), P:0·668 | 1·32 (1·17–1·48), P:< 0·001 | 1·11 (0·98–1·26), P:0·088 | 1·22 (1·02–1·45), P:0·031 | |
3rd quintile | 1·18 (1·08–1·28), P:< 0·001 | 0·96 (0·87–1·06), P:0·465 | 0·95 (0·82–1·09), P:0·453 | 1·01 (0·88–1·16), P:0·9 | 0·77 (0·65–0·9), P:0·001 | 0·71 (0·56–0·9), P:0·004 | 1·38 (1·23–1·55), P:< 0·001 | 1·14 (1–1·29), P:0·046 | 1·12 (0·93–1·35), P:0·247 | |
4th quintile | 1·33 (1·22–1·45), P:< 0·001 | 1·06 (0·96–1·17), P:0·251 | 1·06 (0·91–1·25), P:0·433 | 1·17 (1·02–1·33), P:0·023 | 0·88 (0·75–1·04), P:0·125 | 0·88 (0·69–1·13), P:0·331 | 1·58 (1·41–1·77), P:< 0·001 | 1·22 (1·07–1·39), P:0·003 | 1·21 (0·99–1·49), P:0·061 | |
5th quintile (richest) | 1·13 (1·04–1·22), P:0·006 | 0·87 (0·79–0·97), P:0·011 | 0·88 (0·74–1·04), P:0·137 | 1·09 (0·96–1·24), P:0·179 | 0·78 (0·67–0·92), P:0·003 | 0·73 (0·56–0·95), P:0·02 | 1·24 (1·11–1·39), P:< 0·001 | 0·96 (0·83–1·1), P:0·526 | 0·99 (0·79–1·25), P:0·942 | |
Life style related variables | ||||||||||
Appropriate fruit and vegetable consumption | No | 1·35 (1·24–1·47), P:< 0·001 | 1·43 (1·26–1·63), P:< 0·001 | 1·4 (1·23–1·59), P:< 0·001 | 1·41 (1·24–1·6)), P:< 0·001 | 1·58 (1·31–1·91), P:< 0·001 | 1·62 (1·32–1·99), P:< 0·001 | 1·27 (1·13–1·43), P:< 0·001 | 1·29 (1·09–1·53), P:0·003 | 1·28 (1·07–1·52), P:0·006 |
Yes | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | |
High salt intake | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 1·22 (1·05–1·42), P:0·011 | 1·21 (1·04–1·41), P:0·014 | 1·06 (0·9–1·24), P:0·5 | 1·2 (0·88–1·65), P:0·242 | 1·21 (0·88–1·68), P:0·242 | 1·16 (0·82–1·63), P:0·402 | 1·02 (0·85–1·21), P:0·854 | 1·02 (0·85–1·21), P:0·86 | 1·05 (0·88–1·26), P:0·573 | |
Smoking | Never smoker | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Ever smoker | 0·78 (0·72–0·84), P:< 0·001 | 0·85 (0·75–0·96), P:0·008 | 1·24 (1·07–1·43), P:0·004 | 1·2 (1·09–1·31), P:< 0·001 | 1·18 (1·03–1·35), P:0·018 | 1·2 (1·03–1·4), P:0·019 | 0·92 (0·68–1·25), P:0·602 | 1·01 (0·65–1·57), P:0·965 | 1·08 (0·69–1·68), P:0·733 | |
Alcohol consumption | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 0·62 (0·52–0·75), P:< 0·001 | 0·65 (0·55–0·76), P:< 0·001 | 0·78 (0·65–0·93), P:0·005 | 0·87 (0·71–1·07), P:0·187 | 0·81 (0·68–0·96), P:0·015 | 0·87 (0·72–1·04), P:0·135 | 0·66 (0·38–1·14), P:0·138 | 0·57 (0·34–0·96), P:0·036 | 0·48 (0·29–0·8), P:0·005 | |
Injury | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 0·9 (0·82–1), P:0·041 | 0·96 (0·83–1·1), P:0·562 | 0·99 (0·85–1·14), P:0·861 | 0·94 (0·81–1·08), P:0·359 | 0·94 (0·77–1·15), P:0·551 | 1 (0·8–1·25), P:0·999 | 0·94 (0·82–1·07), P:0·335 | 0·98 (0·81–1·2), P:0·872 | 1 (0·82–1·22), P:0·999 | |
Personal car ownership | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 1·09 (1·03–1·15), P:0·002 | 1·18 (1·09–1·28), P:< 0·001 | 1·23 (1·11–1·35), P:< 0·001 | 1·2 (1·11–1·31), P:< 0·001 | 1·36 (1·2–1·54), P:< 0·001 | 1·37 (1·17–1·6), P:< 0·001 | 1·12 (1·04–1·2), P:0·003 | 1·19 (1·07–1·33), P:0·001 | 1·14 (1–1·3), P:0·051 | |
Metabolic risk factors | ||||||||||
Hypertension | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 1·06 (0·99–1·13), P:0·079 | 0·91 (0·83–1·01), P:0·075 | 1·03 (0·92–1·14), P:0·648 | 1·15 (1·04–1·27), P:0·008 | 1·02 (0·87–1·18), P:0·829 | 1·09 (0·92–1·29), P:0·319 | 0·99 (0·9–1·08), P:0·771 | 0·89 (0·78–1·02), P:0·09 | 0·97 (0·84–1·12), P:0·686 | |
Past medical history of cardiovascular disease | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | ||
Yes | 1·51 (1·09–2·09), P:0·013 | 1·09 (0·79–1·51), P:0·608 | 1·21 (0·86–1·71), P:0·275 | 1·93 (1·26–2·95), P:0·002 | 1·28 (0·86–1·9), P:0·222 | 1·28 (0·84–1·94), P:0·245 | 1·32 (0·8–2·18), P:0·283 | 1·04 (0·59–1·85), P:0·887 | 1·04 (0·57–1·9), P:0·892 | |
Diabetes mellitus | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 1·23 (1·06–1·42), P:0·005 | 1·19 (1·02–1·38), P:0·025 | 1·25 (1·07–1·47), P:0·005 | 1·17 (0·94–1·46), P:0·152 | 1·04 (0·83–1·3), P:0·752 | 1·07 (0·83–1·37), P:0·606 | 1·26 (1·05–1·53), P:0·015 | 1·36 (1·11–1·67), P:0·003 | 1·39 (1·12–1·71), P:0·002 | |
Dyslipidemia | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 1 (0·9–1·1), P:0·926 | 0·91 (0·82–1), P:0·057 | 0·94 (0·84–1·04), P:0·236 | 1·15 (0·99–1·34), P:0·064 | 1·07 (0·91–1·25), P:0·412 | 1·06 (0·89–1·26), P:0·504 | 0·87 (0·77–0·99), P:0·03 | 0·82 (0·72–0·94), P:0·004 | 0·86 (0·75–0·99), P:0·039 | |
Abdominal obesity | No | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Yes | 1·42 (1·34–1·5), P:< 0·001 | 1·39 (1·25–1·54), P:< 0·001 | 1·1 (0·98–1·24), P:0·106 | 1·45 (1·31–1·61), P:< 0·001 | 1·27 (1·06–1·53), P:0·009 | 1·25 (1·03–1·52), P:0·027 | 1·01 (0·93–1·08), P:0·864 | 0·99 (0·85–1·14), P:0·848 | 1·04 (0·9–1·21), P:0·611 | |
BMI (body mass index) | Under weight | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 | 1·0 |
Normal weight | 1·07 (0·93–1·24), P:0·334 | 0·86 (0·68–1·08), P:0·191 | 0·91 (0·71–1·17), P:0·469 | 1·17 (0·95–1·44), P:0·142 | 0·95 (0·69–1·3), P:0·736 | 0·99 (0·7–1·39), P:0·946 | 0·95 (0·77–1·16), P:0·597 | 0·75 (0·53–1·05), P:0·097 | 0·84 (0·58–1·21), P:0·339 | |
Over weight | 1·09 (1·02–1·16), P:0·008 | 0·95 (0·85–1·05), P:0·304 | 0·96 (0·86–1·07), P:0·464 | 1·16 (1·06–1·28), P:0·001 | 0·99 (0·86–1·15), P:0·913 | 0·98 (0·83–1·15), P:0·775 | 0·98 (0·9–1·08), P:0·717 | 1·02 (0·88–1·19), P:0·753 | 0·96 (0·82–1·11), P:0·565 | |
Obesity | 1·38 (1·28–1·48), P:< 0·001 | 1·03 (0·9–1·17), P:0·7 | 1·06 (0·92–1·22), P:0·44 | 1·47 (1·31–1·66), P:< 0·001 | 1·13 (0·91–1·41), P:0·271 | 1·14 (0·89–1·44), P:0·295 | 1·08 (0·98–1·19), P:0·106 | 1·1 (0·93–1·32), P:0·271 | 1·03 (0·86–1·24), P:0·759 |