Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Data collection and measurement
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic and behavioral characteristics
Factors | Any IPV N (%) | P | HIV-related stigma(≥27) N (%) | P | MSM- related stigma (≥6) N (%) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 0.24 | 0.83 | 0.04 | |||
≤ 30 | 61 (25.6) | 119 (50.0) | 125 (52.5) | |||
> 30 | 26 (20.2) | 66 (51.2) | 82 (63.6) | |||
Ethics | 0.97 | 0.51 | 0.71 | |||
Han | 81 (23.7) | 174 (50.9) | 192 (56.1) | |||
Other | 6 (24.0) | 11 (44.0) | 15 (60.0) | |||
Marital status | 0.59 | 0.05 | 0.56 | |||
Single | 78 (24.2) | 169 (52.3) | 184 (57.0) | |||
Currently married | 9 (20.5) | 16 (36.4) | 23 (52.3) | |||
Currently living with | 0.83 | 0.58 | 0.36 | |||
Male sexual partner | 18 (22.8) | 42 (53.2) | 41 (51.9) | |||
Others | 69 (24.0) | 143 (49.7) | 166 (57.6) | |||
Education | 0.12 | 0.47 | 0.96 | |||
< High school | 15 (30.0) | 23 (46.0) | 29 (58.0) | |||
High school | 12 (34.3) | 15 (42.9) | 20 (57.1) | |||
College | 60 (21.3) | 147 (52.1) | 158 (56.0) | |||
Employment | 0.38 | 0.97 | 0.11 | |||
Employed | 72 (23.7) | 154 (50.7) | 178 (58.6) | |||
Unemployed | 7 (18.0) | 19 (48.7) | 16 (41.0) | |||
Student | 8 (33.3) | 12 (50.0) | 13 (54.2) | |||
Personal monthly income, Chinese yuan | 0.14 | 0.54 | 0.19 | |||
< 5000 | 58 (26.4) | 108 (49.1) | 118 (53.6) | |||
≥ 5000 | 29 (19.7) | 77 (52.4) | 89 (60.5) | |||
Have a health insurance plan | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.60 | |||
Yes | 40 (19.7) | 105 (51.7) | 117 (57.6) | |||
No | 47 (28.7) | 80 (48.8) | 90 (54.9) | |||
Place of birth | 0.52 | 0.20 | < 0.01 | |||
Urban | 59 (22.8) | 125 (48.3) | 133 (51.4) | |||
Rural | 28 (25.9) | 60 (55.6) | 74 (68.5) | |||
Registered Beijing household (Hukou) | 0.91 | 0.31 | 0.95 | |||
Yes | 16 (24.2) | 37 (56.1) | 37 (56.1) | |||
No | 71 (23.6) | 148 (49.2) | 170 (56.5) | |||
Time living in Beijing, year | 0.15 | 0.43 | 0.11 | |||
< 5 | 49 (26.9) | 88 (48.4) | 95 (52.2) | |||
≥ 5 | 38 (20.5) | 97 (52.4) | 112 (60.5) | |||
Drinking alcohol in the past 3 months | ||||||
Yes | 46 (22.8) | 0.64 | 104 (51.5) | 0.65 | 121 (59.9) | 0.13 |
No | 41 (24.9) | 81 (49.1) | 86 (52.1) | |||
Using illicit drugs in the past 3 months | ||||||
Yes | 26 (21.5) | 0.48 | 65 (53.7) | 0.37 | 73 (60.3) | 0.29 |
No | 61 (24.8) | 120 (48.8) | 134 (54.5) |
Prevalence of intimate partner violence and HIV- and MSM-related stigma
Stigma | Participants | Any IPV | Physical IPV | Psychological IPV | Sexual IPV | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N(%) | N(%) | P | N(%) | P | N(%) | P | N(%) | P | |
HIV-related stigma | 0.05 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.11 | |||||
< 27 | 182 (49.6) | 35 (19.2) | 27 (14.8) | 10 (5.5) | 6 (3.3) | ||||
≥ 27 | 185 (50.4) | 52 (28.1) | 34 (18.4) | 17 (9.2) | 13 (7.0) | ||||
Felt stigma | 0.24 | 0.66 | 0.29 | 0.17 | |||||
< 15 | 172 (46.9) | 36 (20.9) | 27 (15.7) | 10 (5.8) | 6 (3.5) | ||||
≥ 15 | 195 (53.1) | 51 (26.2) | 34 (17.4) | 17 (8.7) | 13 (6.7) | ||||
Vicarious stigma | 0.13 | 0.95 | 0.07 | 0.04 | |||||
< 5 | 236 (64.3) | 50 (21.2) | 39 (16.5) | 13 (5.5) | 8 (3.4) | ||||
≥ 5 | 131 (35.7) | 37 (28.2) | 22 (16.8) | 14 (10.7) | 11 (8.4) | ||||
Internalized stigma | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.79 | 0.33 | |||||
< 8 | 213 (58.0) | 44 (20.7) | 30 (14.1) | 15 (7.0) | 9 (4.2) | ||||
≥ 8 | 154 (42.0) | 43 (27.9) | 31 (20.1) | 12 (7.8) | 10 (6.5) | ||||
MSM-related stigma | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.28 | |||||
< 6 | 160 (43.6) | 28 (17.5) | 21 (13.1) | 7 (4.4) | 6 (3.8) | ||||
≥ 6 | 207 (56.4) | 59 (28.5) | 40 (19.3) | 20 (9.7) | 13 (6.3) | ||||
Perceived stigma(vs.) | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.55 | 0.71 | |||||
< 5 | 170 (46.3) | 35 (20.6) | 23 (13.5) | 11 (6.5) | 8 (4.7) | ||||
≥ 5 | 197 (53.7) | 52 (26.4) | 38 (19.3) | 16 (8.1) | 11 (5.6) | ||||
Enacted stigma | < 0.01 | 0.32 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||
< 1 | 243 (66.2) | 46 (18.9) | 37 (15.2) | 10 (4.1) | 6 (2.5) | ||||
≥ 1 | 124 (33.8) | 41 (33.1) | 24 (19.4) | 17 (13.7) | 13 (10.5) |
Associations between HIV- and MSM-related stigma and any IPV experience
Covariate | Any IPV | |
---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | |
HIV-related stigma (< 27 vs. ≥27) | 1.64 (1.01–2.68)* | 1.67 (1.02–2.76)* |
Felt stigma (< 15 vs. ≥15) | 1.34 (0.82–2.18) | 1.38 (0.84–2.27) |
Vicarious stigma (< 5 vs. ≥5) | 1.46 (0.90–2.40) | 1.50 (0.91–2.47) |
Internalized stigma (< 8 vs. ≥8) | 1.49 (0.92–2.41) | 1.53 (0.93–2.51) |
MSM-related stigma (< 6 vs. ≥6) | 1.88 (1.13–3.12)* | 1.99 (1.18–3.36)** |
Perceived stigma (< 5 vs. ≥5) | 1.38 (0.85–2.25) | 1.46 (0.89–2.39) |
Enacted stigma (< 1 vs. ≥1) | 2.12 (1.29–3.46)** | 2.13 (1.29–3.50)** |
HIV-related stigma*MSM-related stigma | 0.56 (0.20–1.59) | 0.54 (0.19–1.54) |