Background
Method
Protocol registration
Search Strategy
Study Selection (inclusion and exclusion)
Data extraction and management
Risk of bias assessment
Grading of evidence
Data synthesis
Results
Study characteristics and methodological quality
Author & Year | Study Design and Setting | Risk of Bias | Sample Size | Assessment Tool | Effect measure and Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sheikh et al. 2015 [20] | RCT double-blind, placebo; Iran | Low | N = 70 (iron supplementation; 35, placebo; 35) | EPDS (cut off: ≥ 11) | p = 0.03 |
Perello et al. 2014 [21] | RCT double-blind; Spain | Low | N = 72 anaemic (ferrous sucrose + oral iron; 36, placebo + oral iron; 36) | EPDS (cut off: ≥ 11) | P > 0.05 |
Beard et al. 2005 [22] | RCT, double-blind; South Africa | Low | N = 95 (30 in IDA-PL, 34 in IDA-Ferrous, & 31 in control) | EPDS (cut off: ≥ 10) | P < 0.005 |
Hamm et al. 2020 [23] | RCT open label; USA | Moderate | N = 66 (single RBCs; 33, multiple RBCs; 33) | EPDS (mean scores) | 4 (1–11) vs 5.5 (2–8) p = .34 |
Holm et al. 2019 [24] | RCT open-label; Denmark | Moderate | N = 85 (Oral iron; 44, and Iron isomaltoside; 41) | EPDS (mean scores) | MD: -2.39 (95% CI: -3.62; -1.16) (p = .0002) |
Paoletti et al. 2013 [25] | RCT open-label; Italy | Moderate | N = 852 (Group A: 424, Group B: 428) | EPDS (cut off: ≥ 12) | P < 0.05 |
Maeda et al. 2019 [26] | Prospective cohort; Japan | Moderate | N = 1128 | EPDS ( cut off; ≥ 9) | AOR: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.17; 2.26) |
Chandrasekaran et al. 2018 [9] | Prospective Observational; Canada | Moderate | N = 145/248 | EPDS ( cut off; ≥ 10) | OR: 0.69 (95% CI: 0.15; 2.49) |
Eckerdal et al. 2016 [27] | Nested Cohort; Sweden | Moderate | N = 446 | EPDS (cut off; ≥ 12) | OR: 2.29 (95% CI:1.15; 4.58) |
Alharbi et al. 2014 [28] | Case–Control; Saudi Arabia | Moderate | N = 352 (Case: 117, Control: 235) | EPDS ( cut off; ≥ 10) | AOR: 1.70 (95% CI: 1.05; 2.74) P = 0.03 |
Goshtasebi et al. 2013 [29] | Prospective Observational; Iran | Moderate | N = 281 | EPDS (cut off ≥ 13) | AOR: 4.64 (95% CI: 1.33; 16.08) |
Armony-Sivan et al. 2012 [30] | Prospective Observational; China | Moderate | N = 248 (confirmatory study) | EPDS ( cut off; ≥ 10) | r = 0.07 |
Albacar et al. 2010 [31] | Prospective Cohort; Spain | Moderate | N = 729 | EPDS ( cut off; ≥ 9) | OR: 3.73 (95% CI: 1.84; 7.56) P = 0.0001 |
Miller et al. 2016 [32] | Prospective Observational; USA | High | N = 63 | EPDS (cut off; ≥ 10) | P > 0.05 |
Corwin et al. 2003 [33] | Prospective Observational; USA | High | N = 37 | CES-D | r = -0.381, P = 0.020 |
Paterson et al. 1994 [34] | Prospective observational; United Kingdom | High | N = 1010 | EPDS scores | P > 0.05 |
Author & Year | Study Design and Setting | Risk of Bias | Sample Size | Assessment Tool | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamm et al. 2020 [23] | RCT open-label; USA | Moderate | N = 66 (single RBCs: 33, multiple RBCs; 33) | MFI | P = 0.13 |
Holm et al. 2019 [24] | RCT open-label; Denmark | Moderate | N = 85 (Oral iron; 44, and Iron isomaltoside; 41) | MFI | P < .0001 |
Prick et al. 2014 [35] | RCT open-label; Netherlands | Moderate | N = 521 (Non-intervention; 262, RBCs; 259) | MFI and SF-36 | P = 0.01 |
Westad et al. 2008 [36] | RCT open-label; Norway | Moderate | N = 128 (IV + oral iron; 58, oral iron only; 70 | MFI and SF-36 | P = 0.03 |
Hatzis et al. 2003 [37] | Matched intervention trial; Greece | Moderate | N = 74 (EPO; 37 and oral iron; 37) | Physical assessment: clinical symptoms of fatigue | P = 0.0012 |
Chandrasekaran et al. 2018 [9] | Prospective Observational; Canada | Moderate | N = 248 | SF-36 | OR: 1.03 (95% CI: 0.34; 2.94) |
Van Der Woude et al. 2014 [8] | Prospective Cohort; Netherlands | Moderate | N = 220 (Anaemic; 112, No anaemia; 108) | SF-36 | P = 0.008a |
Miller et al. 2016 [32] | Prospective Observational; USA | High | N = 63 | SF-36 and MFI | P > 0.05 |
Jansen et al. 2007 [38] | Prospective Cohort: Netherlands | High | N = 141 | MFI | P = 0.002 |
Lee et al. 1999 [39] | Prospective Observational; USA | High | N = 30 | Lee Fatigue Scale | r = -.27, p < .05b r = -.44, p = .01c |
Paterson et al. 1994 [34] | Prospective Observational; United Kingdom | High | N = 1010 | Physical assessment: feeling low energy | P = 0.05 |
Author & Year | Study Design and Setting | Risk of Bias | Sample Size | Assessment Tool | Effect Measure and Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Murray-Kolb et al. 2009 [40] | RCT double-blind, placebo; South Africa | Low | N = 95 (IDA-PL; 30, IDA-Fe; 34, and control; 31) | Video recorder | P = 0.007–0.032a |
Perez et al. 2005 [41] | RCT double-blind; South Africa | Low | N = 81 (IDA-PL; 21, IDA-Fe; 30 and Control; 30) | Parent/Caregiver Involvement Scale | P < 0.05 |
Hamm et al. 2020 [23] | RCT open-label; USA | Moderate | N = 66 (single RBCs; 33, multiple RBCs; 33) | Maternal Attachment Inventory | 104 (102–104) vs 104 (102–104) p = 0.55b |
Dearman et al. 2012 [42] | Case–Control; England | Moderate | N = 115 (anaemic; 57, non-anaemic; 58) | Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire | P > 0.05 |
Postpartum anaemia and maternal depression
Postpartum anaemia and fatigue
Postpartum anaemia and mother–child interaction
Quality of evidence
Outcome | Risk of Bias | Consistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication Bias | Strength of Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Postpartum anaemia or ID on PPD (Observational Studies) | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Moderate |
Postpartum anaemia or ID on PPD (RCTs) | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Moderate |
Postpartum anaemia or ID on fatigue (continuous data) | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Moderate |