Background
Methods
Study design
Inclusion criteria
Microscopic parasite detection
Serum and plasma samples
Serology
DNA preparation and real time PCR
Diagnosis and treatment
Results
Patient | Region of exposure | Reason for travel | Incubation time [days](1)
| Time to diagnosis [days](2)
| Eosinophils absolute[per μl] | PCR | Serology | Microscopy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rwanda | Tourist | 57 | 62 | 5.400 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
2 | Rwanda | Tourist | 33 | 54 | 2.090 | pos | (pos) |
S.m.
|
3 | Mozambique | Occupational | 28 | 42 | 2.860 | pos | pos | Ø |
4 | Ethiopia | Occupational | 27 | 43 | 2.650 | pos | Ø | Ø |
5 | Uganda | Occupational | 38 | 56 | 1.920 | pos | pos | Ø |
6 | Uganda | Occupational | 20 | 32 | 1.600 | pos | pos | n.a. |
7 | Malawi | Tourist | 18 | 20 | 1.050 | pos | pos | n.a. |
8 | Mozambique | Tourist | 35 | 56 | 33.050 | pos | Ø | n.a. |
9 | Yemen | Tourist | 40 | 54 | 1.540 | pos | pos | Ø |
10 | Malawi | Tourist | 27 | 35 | 980 | pos | Ø | Ø |
11(3)
| Kenya | Tourist | 94 | 96 | 3.220 | Ø | pos | Ø |
12 | Kenya | Tourist | 184 | 302 | 1.100 | pos | pos | Ø |
13 | Sudan | Occupational | 27 | 33 | 3.350 | pos | Ø | Ø |
14 | Tanzania | Volunteer | 75 | 88 | 5.880 | pos | pos | n.a. |
15 | East Africa | Volunteer | 127 | 131 | 1.760 | pos | pos | Ø |
16(4)
| Kenya | VFR | 150 | 210 | n.a. | pos | n.a. |
S.m.
|
17 | Uganda | Tourist | 24 | 27 | n.a. | pos | pos | n.a. |
18 | Malawi | Tourist | 31 | 73 | 3.920 | pos | Ø | n.a. |
19 | East Africa | Volunteer | 32 | 104 | 4.010 | pos | pos | Ø |
20 | Malawi | Tourist | 31 | 34 | 1.780 | Ø | Ø | Ø |
21 | Mali | Occupational | 23 | 32 | 1.140 | pos | Ø | Ø |
22 | Tanzania | Volunteer | 62 | 66 | 2.800 | pos | Ø | Ø |
23 | Madagascar | Tourist | 35 | 38 | 2.640 | pos | pos | n.a. |
24 | Madagascar | Occupational | 92 | 261 | 890 | pos | pos | n.a. |
25 | Madagascar | Occupational | 122 | 152 | 870 | pos | pos | Ø |
26 | East Africa | Tourist | 24 | 36 | 3.150 | pos | pos | Ø |
27 | Tanzania | Volunteer | 47 | 76 | 1.700 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
28 | Tanzania | Volunteer | 47 | 80 | 9.850 | pos | pos | Ø |
29 | Tanzania | Volunteer | 62 | 94 | 2.310 | pos | pos | Ø |
30 | Tanzania | Volunteer | 97 | 196 | 2.290 | Ø | pos | Ø |
31 | Madagsacar | Occupational | n.a. | 160 | 1.100 | pos | pos | Ø |
32 | Madagascar | Tourist | 17 | 43 | 1.020 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
33(5)
| Ghana | VRF | 31 | 69 | 1.200 | pos | pos | n.a. |
34 | Madagascar | Tourist | 23 | 34 | 1.210 | pos | pos | n.a. |
35 | Uganda | Tourist | 41 | 53 | 2.900 | pos | Ø | n.a. |
36 | Madagascar | Tourist | 25 | 42 | 23.300 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
37 | Ghana | Tourist | 40 | 46 | 1.660 | pos | pos | n.a. |
38 | Tanzania | Tourist | 27 | 119 | 2.340 | pos | pos | n.a. |
Patient | Region of exposure | Reason for travel | Incubation time [days](1)
| Time to diagnosis [days](2)
| Eosinophils absolute [per μl] | PCR | Serology | Microscopy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
39 | Togo | VFR | 51 | 95 | 6,000 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
40 | Brazil | Tourist | 39 | 66 | 11,640 | Ø | Ø | Ø |
41 | Guinea | Tourist | 14 | 17 | 1,090 | Ø | pos | Ø |
42 | Uganda | Occupational | 38 | 44 | n.a. | Ø | pos | n.a. |
43 | Egypt | Tourist | 26 | 40 | 1,100 | Ø | Ø | Ø |
44 | Malawi | Tourist | 37 | 40 | 1,040 | Ø | (pos) | Ø |
45 | Rwanda | Tourist | 47 | 54 | 2,640 | pos | Ø |
S.m.
|
46 | Rwanda | Tourist | 62 | 90 | 14,150 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
47 | Rwanda | Tourist | 57 | 62 | 1,150 | pos | Ø | Ø |
48 | Rwanda | Tourist | 93 | 96 | 2,860 | pos | (pos) |
S.m.
|
49 | Rwanda | Tourist | 25 | 54 | 14,270 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
50 | Rwanda | Tourist | n.a. | 96 | 11,120 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|
51 | Rwanda | Tourist | n.a. | 96 | 1,960 | pos | pos | Ø |
52(3)
| Rwanda | Tourist | n.a. | 62 | 1,290 | pos | Ø | Ø |
53(3)
| Rwanda | Tourist | n.a. | 96 | 1,210 | pos | (pos) |
S.m.
|
54(3)
| Rwanda | Tourist | n.a. | 96 | 2,120 | pos | (pos) | Ø |
55(3)
| Rwanda | Tourist | n.a. | 96 | 1,700 | pos | pos |
S.m.
|