Background
Methods
Participants
Patient | Age | Sex/Hand | days after stroke | NIH-SS | FEES Score | Location of infarct |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right hemispheric stroke with dysphagia (RHS +)
| ||||||
1 | 71 | F/R | 9 | 13 | 4 | R, fronto-parietal |
2 | 81 | F/R | 4 | 6 | 4 | R, multiple infarctions MCA area |
3 | 69 | F/R | 6 | 14 | 4 | R, corona radiata, basal ganglia |
4 | 77 | F/R | 7 | 10 | 3 | R, thalamus, hippocampus, insula, parietal |
5 | 77 | M/R | 19 | 6 | 4 | R, fronto-parietal |
6 | 62 | M/L | 3 | 3 | 3 | R, precentral |
72.8 +/- 6.9 | 2 male | 8 +/- 5.8 | 8.7+/- 4.4 | 3.5+/-.8 | ||
Right hemispheric stroke without dysphagia (RHS -)
| ||||||
1 | 46 | M/B | 9 | 8 | 1 | R, capsula interna |
2 | 72 | M/R | 6 | 3 | 1 | R, parieto-occipital |
3 | 66 | M/R | 5 | 3 | 1 | R, corona radiate |
4 | 65 | F/R | 6 | 14 | 1 | R, basal ganglia and capsula interna |
5 | 66 | M/R | 5 | 5 | 1 | R, postcentral |
6 | 69 | M/R | 3 | 5 | 1 | R, parieto-occipal, lat. temporal lobe |
7 | 33 | M/R | 17 | 10 | 1 | R, basal ganglia, putamen |
59.6 +/- 14.4 | 6 male | 7.3 +/- 4.6 | 6.9 +/- 4.1 | 1(*) | ||
Left hemispheric stroke with dysphagia (LHS +)
| ||||||
1 | 70 | M/R | 11 | 13 | 4 | L, basal ganglia |
2 | 78 | F/R | 10 | 14 | 4 | L, operculum, insula |
3 | 71 | M/R | 26 | 11 | 3 | L, precentral |
4 | 71 | F/R | 14 | 5 | 4 | L, temporo-parietal |
5 | 69 | M/R | 6 | 4 | 2 | L, gyri temporalis sup. and med. |
6 | 48 | M/R | 6 | 2 | 3 | L, parieto-occipall incl Insula |
7 | 65 | M/R | 8 | 6 | 2 | L, thalamus |
8 | 43 | F/R | 7 | 8 | 2 | L, temporo-parietal |
63.6 +/- 13 | 5 male | 6.8 +/- 2.5 | 7.9 +/- 4.4 | 3+/-.9 | ||
Left hemispheric stroke without dysphagia (LHS -)
| ||||||
1 | 79 | M/R | 8 | 4 | 1 | L, parieto-occipital |
2 | 60 | M/R | 4 | 2 | 1 | L, Ncl. caudatus, insula, precentral |
3 | 53 | M/R | 7 | 2 | 1 | L, capsula interna |
4 | 71 | F/R | 10 | 4 | 1 | L, precentral |
5 | 67 | F/R | 5 | 2 | 1 | L, dorsal hippocampus |
6 | 55 | F/R | 3 | 2 | 1 | L, pre- and postcentral |
7 | 57 | F/R | 7 | 7 | 1 | L, temporo-parietal |
8 | 51 | M/R | 4 | 6 | 1 | L, multiple infarctions MCA area |
61.6 +/- 9.8 | 4 male | 6 +/- 2.4 | 3.6 +/- 2(*) | 1(*) | ||
Brainstem stroke with dysphagia (BSS +)
| ||||||
1 | 65 | M/R | 11 | 3 | 2 | BS, cerebellum, medulla oblongata |
2 | 69 | M/R | 8 | 4 | 2 | BS, left cerebellum, left lat. medulla oblongata |
3 | 65 | M/R | 9 | 8 | 4 | BS, left pons, paramedian |
4 | 52 | M/R | 6 | 4 | 3 | BS, right mesencephalon |
5 | 76 | M/R | 8 | 4 | 3 | BS, right pons |
65.4 +/- 8.7 | 5 male | 8.4 +/- 1.8 | 4.6 +/- 2 | 2.8+/-.8 | ||
Brainstem stroke without dysphagia (BSS -)
| ||||||
1 | 39 | M/R | 6 | 4 | 1 | BS, right pons |
2 | 52 | M/R | 4 | 3 | 1 | BS, right pons |
3 | 71 | M/R | 6 | 3 | 1 | BS, left pons, paramedian |
56.8 +/- 14.2 | 3 male | 5.4 +/- 1.2 (*) | 3.3 +/- .6 | 1(*) |
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)
MEG recording
Data analysis
Results
Clinical data
Swallowing behaviour during MEG measurements
Group | No. of swallows | Duration per swallow | EMG Power |
---|---|---|---|
Controls
| 49.0 +/- 12.6 | 2.8 +/- 1.3 | 32.4 +/- 13.0 |
LHS+
| 40.5 +/- 19.4 | 3.7 +/- 2.9 | 51.3 +/- 21.1 |
LHS-
| 43.8 +/- 18.7 | 3.9 +/- 1.7 | 39.8 +/- 26.5 |
RHS+
| 45.7 +/- 20.3 | 4.4 +/- 2.3 | 52.0 +/- 30.1 |
RHS-
| 42.1 +/- 11.6 | 3.2 +/- 0.9 | 34.0 +/- 13.5 |
BSS+
| 45.8 +/- 16.4 | 3.8 +/- 1.5 | 63.1 +/- 19.1 |
BSS-
| 58.0 +/- 15.1 | 4.0 +/- 0.8 | 66.4 +/- 22.4 |
Results of MEG measurements
a) Control group
Subject | Beta ERD | Prefrontal beta ERS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
left | right | left | right | |
Controls | ||||
1 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
2 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
3 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
4 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- |
5 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
6 | 6 | 4 | -- | -- |
7 | 4 | 9 | -- | -- |
RHS + | ||||
1 | 40 | -- | -- | 47 |
2 | -- | 2 | -- | -- |
3 | 7 | 3 | -- | 46 |
4 | -- | 4 | -- | 47 |
5 | 6 | 6 | 46 | 45 |
6 | 6 | 4 | -- | 40 |
RHS- | ||||
1 | 7 | 6 | -- | 13 |
2 | 6 | 4 | 47 | -- |
3 | 6 | 6 | 44 | -- |
4 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
5 | 4 | 40 | 45 | 47 |
6 | 6 | 6 | -- | 13 |
7 | 9 | 6 | -- | 44 |
LHS + | ||||
1 | 4 | 7 | -- | 45 |
2 | 4 | 6 | -- | -- |
3 | 6 | 6 | 45 | -- |
4 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
5 | 9 | 9 | 47 | 46 |
6 | 4 | 6 | -- | -- |
7 | 4 | 6 | -- | 45 |
8 | -- | 40 | -- | 45 |
LHS- | ||||
1 | 7 | 2 | 13 | -- |
2 | 6 | 9 | 44 | 45 |
3 | 3 | 6 | 46 | -- |
4 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
5 | 6 | -- | 44 | -- |
6 | 4 | 4 | 46 | -- |
7 | - | 6 | -- | 44 |
8 | 6 | 6 | 44 | 45 |
BSS+ | ||||
1 | 6 | 6 | -- | -- |
2 | 4 | 3 | -- | -- |
3 | 9 | 9 | -- | -- |
4 | 40 | 7 | -- | -- |
5 | 3 | 6 | -- | -- |
BSS- | ||||
1 | 4 | 4 | -- | -- |
2 | 4 | 2 | -- | -- |
3 | 6 | -- | 45 | -- |