Background
Methods
Data collection and analysis
Results
EBF at 5.25 mo. post-partum* | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable (n = 480) | Category | Number (%) or median (Range) | KM rate (%) | 95% CI (%) | p-value** |
Overall | NA | 480 (100%) | 80.4 | (76.5, 83.7) | NA |
Ethnic group | Luo | 409 (85%) | 80.0 | (75.7, 83.6) | 0.80 |
Luhya | 50 (10%) | 83.7 | (70.1, 91.5) | ||
Other | 21 (4%) | 81.0 | (56.9, 92.4) | ||
Age (years) | 15 – 19 | 64 (13%) | 75.6 | (62.7, 84.5) | 0.50 |
20 – 24 | 208 (43%) | 78.8 | (72.6, 83.9) | ||
25 – 29 | 132 (28%) | 83.8 | (76.2, 89.1) | ||
30 – 43 | 76 (16%) | 82.5 | (71.8, 89.5) | ||
Median age (years) | 23 (15 – 43) | ||||
Primigravid | Yes | 113 (24%) | 79.9 | (71.1, 86.3) | 0.89 |
No | 367 (76%) | 80.5 | (76.0, 84.2) | ||
Median parity, among multigravid (n = 392) | 2 (0 – 8) | ||||
If not primigravid, number of live births (n = 367) | 0 – 2 | 278 (76%) | 77.4 | (72.0, 82.0) | <0.01 |
3 – 8 | 89 (24%) | 89.8 | (81.4, 94.6) | ||
Marital status | Single | 62 (13%) | 84.7 | (72.6, 91.7) | 0.07 |
Married | 357 (74%) | 78.5 | (73.8, 82.5) | ||
Separated/divorced | 25 (5%) | 79.2 | (57.0, 90.8) | ||
Widowed | 36 (8%) | 91.7 | (76.3, 97.2) | ||
Living with child’s father (n = 479) | Yes | 346 (72%) | 78.1 | (73.3, 82.2) | 0.04 |
No | 133 (28%) | 86.0 | (78.7, 91.0) | ||
Number of adults in household (n = 479) | 1 | 16 (3%) | 80.0 | (50.0, 93.1) | 0.43 |
2 | 129 (27%) | 75.9 | (67.4, 82.5) | ||
3 | 126 (26%) | 78.5 | (70.2, 84.7) | ||
4 – 7 | 186 (39%) | 84.0 | (77.8, 88.6) | ||
8 – 14 | 22 (5%) | 85.7 | (62.0, 95.2) | ||
Median people in household (n = 470) | 3 (1 – 14) | ||||
Completed primary education (8 years) | Yes | 345 (72%) | 81.0 | (76.4, 84.8) | 0.60 |
No | 135 (28%) | 78.8 | (70.8, 84.9) | ||
Highest level of education attended (n = 467) | Primary | 286 (61%) | 78.6 | (73.3, 83.0) | 0.14 |
Secondary | 162 (35%) | 84.7 | (78.1, 89.5) | ||
Tertiary | 19 (4%) | 68.4 | (42.8, 84.4) | ||
Mother employed outside of home | Yes | 166 (35%) | 79.3 | (72.1, 84.8) | 0.68 |
No | 314 (65%) | 80.9 | (76.1, 84.9) | ||
If employed, occupation of mother (n = 166) | Professional/technical/managerial | 24 (14%) | 73.4 | (50.1, 87.1) | 0.49 |
All others | 142 (86%) | 80.3 | (72.6, 86.0) | ||
Level of income (KSh§/month) (n = 478) | <2,000 | 61 (13%) | 77.8 | (64.8, 86.5) | 0.90 |
2,000 – 4,999 | 98 (21%) | 80.6 | (71.3, 87.2) | ||
5,000 – 9,999 | 58 (12%) | 76.6 | (63.0, 85.7) | ||
≥10,000 | 36 (8%) | 79.2 | (61.3, 89.5) | ||
Unknown | 225 (47%) | 81.9 | (76.2, 86.4) | ||
Viral load (copies/ml) (n = 478) | Undetectable (<400) | 27 (6%) | 74.1 | (53.2, 86.7) | 0.28 |
400 – 9,999 | 110 (23%) | 84.1 | (75.7, 89.8) | ||
10,000 – 49,999 | 138 (29%) | 75.5 | (67.3, 81.9) | ||
≥50,000 | 203 (42%) | 82.3 | (76.3, 87.0) | ||
CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 0 – 199 | 70 (15%) | 82.7 | (71.5, 89.8) | 0.50 |
200 – 349 | 119 (25%) | 82.8 | (74.7, 88.6) | ||
350 – 499 | 135 (28%) | 81.8 | (74.1, 87.4) | ||
≥500 | 156 (33%) | 76.2 | (68.6, 82.2) | ||
WHO clinical HIV disease stage | Stage 1 | 403 (84%) | 81.5 | (77.3, 85.0) | 0.38 |
Stage 2 | 44 (9%) | 71.7 | (55.5, 82.8) | ||
Stage 3 or 4 | 33 (7%) | 78.5 | (60.0, 89.1) | ||
Body mass index (BMI) at enrollment (n = 479) | 15.00 – 18.49 | 5 (1%) | 100.0 | (47.8, 100.0) | 0.72 |
18.50 – 24.99 | 326 (68%) | 79.0 | (74.1, 83.1) | ||
25.00 – 29.99 | 121 (25%) | 82.9 | (74.8, 88.6) | ||
30.00 – 45.00 | 27 (6%) | 81.5 | (61.1, 91.8) | ||
Initial triple-ARV regimen | ZDV/3TC plus NVP | 283 (59%) | 79.5 | (74.2, 83.8) | 0.54 |
ZDV/3TC plus NFV | 197 (41%) | 81.7 | (75.5, 86.5) | ||
Disclosed HIV status to husband, child’s father, or partner (n = 302) | Yes | 216 (72%) | 83.1 | (77.3, 87.5) | 0.58 |
No | 86 (28%) | 85.6 | (76.1, 91.6) |
EBF at 5.25 mo. post-partum* | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable (n = 480) | Category | Number (%) | KM rate (%) | 95% CI (%) | p-value** |
WHO clinical HIV disease stage at 2 weeks after delivery (n = 461) | Stage 1 | 410 (89%) | 81.8 | (77.7, 85.3) | 0.66 |
Stage 2 | 24 (5%) | 74.1 | (51.1, 87.4) | ||
Stage 3 or 4 | 26 (6%) | 84.3 | (63.3, 93.8) | ||
Body mass index (BMI) at 2 weeks post-partum (n = 461) | 15.00 – 18.49 | 38 (8%) | 75.9 | (58.8, 86.7) | 0.79 |
18.50 – 24.99 | 365 (79%) | 81.2 | (76.8, 84.9) | ||
25.00 – 29.99 | 47 (10%) | 84.9 | (70.9, 92.5) | ||
30.00 – 45.00 | 11 (2%) | 81.8 | (44.7, 95.1) | ||
Infant birth weight (g) <2500 (n = 476) | Yes | 37 (8%) | 80.6 | (63.5, 90.3) | 0.98 |
No | 439 (92%) | 80.5 | (76.4, 83.9) | ||
Infant sex | Male | 260 (54%) | 76.9 | (71.3, 81.6) | 0.04 |
Female | 220 (46%) | 84.5 | (78.9, 88.7) | ||
Location of delivery | Hospital | 377 (79%) | 80.2 | (75.8, 83.9) | 0.98 |
Other facility | 21 (4%) | 84.2 | (58.7, 94.6) | ||
Home | 45 (9%) | 79.5 | (64.2, 88.8) | ||
Other’s home | 29 (6%) | 82.1 | (62.3, 92.1) | ||
Other/unknown | 8 (2%) | 75.0 | (31.5, 93.1) | ||
Delivery method | Spontaneous vertex | 369 (77%) | 80.6 | (76.1, 84.3) | 0.26 |
Breech | 6 (1%) | 66.7 | (19.5, 90.4) | ||
Cesarean | 34 (7%) | 69.2 | (50.2, 82.1) | ||
Unknown | 71 (15%) | 85.7 | (75.1, 92.1) | ||
Time to breastfeeding initiation (n = 460) | <1 hour | 283 (62%) | 79.5 | (74.2, 83.8) | 0.07 |
1 – 6 hours | 119 (26%) | 77.5 | (68.8, 84.1) | ||
7 – 48 hours | 58 (13%) | 89.4 | (77.9, 95.1) | ||
Prelacteal feed (n = 472) | Yes | 23 (5%) | 78.0 | (55.0, 90.2) | 0.81 |
No | 449 (95%) | 80.1 | (76.1, 83.6) |
Time after delivery* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 weeks | 6 weeks | 10 weeks | 14 weeks | 5 months | 6 months | |
Liquid or food | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
Formula | - | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | 13 (3) |
Water | - | 3 (1) | 5 (1) | 6 (1) | 21 (4) | 283 (59) |
Glucose water | 1 (<1) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 4 (1) | 10 (2) | 76 (16) |
Milk, cow or goat | - | 3 (1) | 8 (2) | 10 (2) | 29 (6) | 316 (66) |
Juice | - | - | - | 2 (<1) | 9 (2) | 134 (28) |
Porridge | - | - | - | 4 (1) | 24 (5) | 352 (73) |
Fruit | - | 3 (1) | 5 (1) | 5 (1) | 18 (4) | 205 (43) |
Tea | - | - | - | - | - | 81 (17) |
Combined** | 1 (<1) | 12 (3) | 20 (4) | 24 (5) | 53 (11) | 408 (85) |