Background
Methods
Sample and procedures
Psychiatric disorders
Treatment for illegal drug use disorders
Study outcomes
Covariates
Statistical analyses
Results
Total study population (n = 1114) | Untreated study population (n = 764) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treated (n = 350) | Not treated (n = 764) | P-value | Perceived unmet need for treatment (n = 127) | No unmet need for treatment (n = 637) | P-value | |
Sex
| ||||||
Male | 64.7 | 60.9 | 0.32 | 61.6 | 57.5 | 0.48 |
Female | 35.3 | 39.1 | 38.4 | 42.5 | ||
Age
| ||||||
18-34 | 36.0 | 46.5 | 0.08 | 49.0 | 33.1 | 0.09 |
35-54 | 54.3 | 47.0 | 44.4 | 60.7 | ||
≥55 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.2 | ||
Education
| ||||||
<High school | 14.4 | 16.5 | 0.39 | 16.7 | 15.4 | 0.93 |
≥ High school | 85.6 | 83.5 | 83.3 | 84.6 | ||
Family income
| ||||||
$10 000–19,000 | 30.3 | 25.0 | 0.44 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 0.99 |
≥$20 000 | 69.7 | 75.0 | 75.0 | 75.0 | ||
Marital status
| ||||||
Married | 51.0 | 45.6 | 0.16 | 44.5 | 51.4 | 0.29 |
Not married | 49.0 | 54.4 | 55.5 | 48.6 | ||
Ethnicity
| ||||||
White | 75.9 | 69.7 | 0.32 | 69.5 | 79.9 | 0.19 |
Black | 10.3 | 10.8 | 9.9 | 15.2 | ||
Other | 13.8 | 19.5 | 20.6 | 38.8 | ||
Type of illegal drug used
| ||||||
Cannabis | 50.6 | 48.0 | 0.73 | 53.9 | 42.0 | 0.06 |
Cocaine | 45.5 | 30.6 | 0.0003 | 27.8 | 45.2 | 0.003 |
Heroin | 7.6 | 2.6 | 0.008 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.99 |
Tranquilizers | 15.8 | 8.2 | 0.006 | 8.1 | 9.0 | 0.78 |
Opioids | 20.7 | 17.6 | 0.35 | 17.9 | 15.8 | 0.66 |
Amphetamine | 25.2 | 19.3 | 0.08 | 17.7 | 28.2 | 0.03 |
Sedatives | 13.2 | 8.9 | 0.08 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 0.89 |
Hallucinogens | 12.1 | 8.9 | 0.23 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 0.99 |
Inhalants/Solvents | 2.73 | 1.4 | 0.28 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.59 |
Psychiatric profile
| ||||||
Illegal drug use disorder + neither mood nor anxiety disorder | 18.7 | 22.0 | 0.28 | 24.3 | 10.2 | 0.004 |
Illegal drug use disorder + mood disorders only | 20.9 | 21.3 | 0.88 | 21.8 | 18.7 | 0.49 |
Illegal drug use disorder + anxiety disorders only | 8.9 | 13.1 | 0.10 | 12.6 | 15.4 | 0.53 |
Illegal drug use disorder + mood and anxiety disorder | 51.6 | 43.6 | 0.03 | 41.3 | 55.7 | 0.02 |
Psychiatric profile classification
Types of treatment | N | % |
---|---|---|
Physician, psychiatrist, psychologist or social worker | 258 | 46.9 |
Any other agency or professional | 81 | 11.0 |
Drug rehabilitation | 73 | 10.2 |
12-Step meeting | 45 | 5.8 |
Clergy | 33 | 5.1 |
Did not report the type of treatment | 28 | 5.1 |
Emergency room | 24 | 3.4 |
Halfway house | 23 | 3.1 |
Employee assistance program | 20 | 2.6 |
Outpatient clinic | 14 | 1.9 |
Family or social services | 11 | 1.8 |
Inpatient ward of psychiatric/general hospital or community mental health | 9 | 1.1 |
Drug detoxification ward or clinic | 5 | 1.0 |
Methadone maintenance program | 4 | 0.6 |
Crisis center | 3 | 0.4 |
Bivariate OR | 95% CI | Adjusted ORa
| 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Psychiatric profile
| ||||
Illegal drug disorder + neither mood nor anxiety disorder | 1 | 1 | ||
Illegal drug disorder + mood disorder only | 1.15 | 0.70-1.90 | 1.21 | 0.73-2.01 |
Illegal drug disorder + anxiety disorder only | 0.80 | 0.43- 1.50 | 0.75 | 0.40-1.40 |
Illegal drug disorder + mood and anxiety disorder | 1.39 | 0.94- 2.05 | 1.47 | 0.98- 2.19 |
Sex
| ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 0.50 | 0.43-0.67 | 0.73 | 0.51-1.03 |
Age
| ||||
18-34 | 1 | 1 | ||
35-54 | 1.01 | 0.79-1.29 | 1.46 | 1.03- 2.06 |
≥55 | 0.26 | 0.18-0.36 | 1.97 | 1.09-3.56 |
Educational level
| ||||
<High school | 1 | 1 | ||
≥ High school | 0.97 | 0.72-1.29 | 1.29 | 0.77-2.16 |
Family income
| ||||
$10 000–19,000 | 1 | 1 | ||
≥$20 000 | 1.75 | 1.41- 2.18 | 1.52 | 0.99- 2.35 |
Marital status
| ||||
Married | 1 | 1 | ||
Not married | 1.65 | 1.34-2.04 | 0.79 | 0.57-1.11 |
Ethnicity
| ||||
White | 1 | 1 | ||
Black | 0.89 | 0.70- 1.14 | 0.93 | 0.59-1.47 |
Other | 0.82 | 0.63 -1.07 | 0.65 | 0.41-0.02 |
Perceived unmet treatment need
OR bivariate | 95% CI | Adjusted ORb
| 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Psychiatric profile
| ||||
Illegal drug disorder + no mood or anxiety disorder | 1 | 1 | ||
Illegal drug disorder + mood disorder only | 2.17 | 1.22- 3.85 | 2.21 | 1.23- 4.10 |
Illegal drug disorder + anxiety disorder only | 2.37 | 1.25- 4.48 | 2.38 | 1.27-4.45 |
Illegal drug disorder + mood and anxiety disorder | 2.74 | 1.66- 4.55 | 2.90 | 1.71-4.94 |
Sex
| ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 0.54 | 0.43- 0.67 | 0.87 | 0.59-1.29 |
Age
| ||||
18-34 | 1 | 1 | ||
35-54 | 1.22 | 0.94-1.57 | 1.83 | 1.3- 2.57 |
≥55 | 0.17 | 0.11-0.27 | 1.36 | 0.71- 2.59 |
Educational level
| ||||
<High school | 1 | 1 | ||
≥ High school | 0.91 | 0.63-1.31 | 1.44 | 0.77- 2.70 |
Family income
| ||||
$10 000–19,000 | 1 | 1 | ||
≥$20 000 | 1.53 | 1.17- 2.001 | 1.21 | 0.77-1.9 |
Marital status
| ||||
Married | 1 | 1 | ||
Not married | 1.61 | 1.24- 2.08 | 1.02 | 0.72-1.45 |
Ethnicity
| ||||
White | 1 | 1 | ||
Black | 1.17 | 0.86-1.59 | 1.63 | 1.02-2.6 |
Other | 0.98 | 0.73-1.32 | 0.96 | 0.61-1.52 |