Background
Methods
Study population
Data collection and measurements
Definitions
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics of study population
Variables | Total | Men | Women |
P- value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(11496) | (5309) | (6187) | ||
Age (year)
| 53.82 ± 10.57 | 54.35 ± 10.79 | 53.37 ± 10.35 | <0.001 |
Ethnicity
| 0.327 | |||
Han | 10898(94.8) | 5027(94.7) | 5871(94.9) | |
Othersa
| 598(5.2) | 282(5.3) | 316(5.1) | |
Educational status
| <0.001 | |||
Primary school or below | 5726(49.8) | 2211(41.6) | 3515(56.8) | |
Middle school | 4687(40.8) | 2491(46.9) | 2196(35.5) | |
High school or above | 1083(9.4) | 607(11.4) | 476(7.7) | |
Physical activity
| <0.001 | |||
Light | 3421(29.8) | 1200(22.6) | 2221(35.9) | |
Moderate | 7429(64.6) | 3816(71.9) | 3613(58.4) | |
Severe | 646(5.6) | 293(5.5) | 353(5.7) | |
Annual income (CNY/year)
| 0.011 | |||
≤5000 | 1427(12.4) | 711(13.4) | 716(11.6) | |
5000-20000 | 6260(54.5) | 2845(53.6) | 3415(55.2) | |
>20000 | 3809(33.1) | 1753(33.0) | 2056(33.2) | |
Current smoking status (Yes)
| 4056(35.3) | 3028(57.0) | 1028(16.6) | <0.001 |
Current drinking status (Yes)
| 2593(22.6) | 2410(45.4) | 183(3.0) | <0.001 |
Marriage (Yes)
| 10530(91.6) | 4896(92.2) | 5634(91.1) | 0.014 |
Diet score
| 2.33 ± 1.13 | 2.55 ± 1.10 | 2.14 ± 1.11 | <0.001 |
Sleep duration (h/d)
| 7.26 ± 2.70 | 7.42 ± 1.63 | 7.12 ± 1.74 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg)
| 141.76 ± 23.47 | 143.66 ± 22.66 | 140.14 ± 24.04 | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg)
| 82.05 ± 11.77 | 83.78 ± 11.83 | 80.57 ± 11.52 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 24.80 ± 3.66 | 24.73 ± 3.54 | 24.86 ± 3.77 | 0.058 |
WC (cm)
| 82.43 ± 9.83 | 83.78 ± 9.76 | 81.28 ± 9.74 | <0.001 |
TC (mmol/L)
| 5.23 ± 1.08 | 5.16 ± 1.04 | 5.29 ± 1.12 | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L)
| 1.63 ± 1.49 | 1.66 ± 1.66 | 1.61 ± 1.33 | 0.123 |
LDL-C (mmol/L)
| 2.92 ± 0.82 | 2.87 ± 0.79 | 2.97 ± 0.84 | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L)
| 1.41 ± 0.38 | 1.41 ± 0.42 | 1.41 ± 0.34 | 0.679 |
FPG (mmol/L)
| 5.90 ± 1.64 | 5.95 ± 1.67 | 5.86 ± 1.60 | 0.003 |
Cardiovascular disease
b
| 1742(15.2) | 568(10.7) | 1174(19.0) | <0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease
C
| 1012(8.8) | 490(9.3) | 522(8.5) | 0.068 |
Chronic kidney disease
d
| 152(1.3) | 64(1.2) | 88(1.4) | 0.162 |
Metabolic syndrome
| 4488(39.0) | 1668(31.4) | 2820(45.6) | <0.001 |
Prevalence of the MetS and its criteria
Prevalence of MetS based on demographics and socioeconomic status
Male | Female | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | N | Pre (%) | OR (95% CI) | N | Pre (%) | OR (95% CI) | N | Pre (%) | OR (95% CI) |
Age group
| |||||||||
35-44 | 373 | 30.9 | 1.00(reference) |
411
|
26.9
| 1.00(reference) |
784
|
28.7
| 1.00(reference) |
45-54 | 509 | 31.7 | 1.01(0.86,1.19) |
854
|
43.4
|
1.95(1.68,2.27)
|
1363
|
38.1
|
1.49(1.33,1.67)
|
55-64 | 530 | 32.6 | 0.99(0.83,1.19) |
1033
|
56.3
|
2.86(2.41,3.39)
|
1563
|
45.2
|
1.81(1.60,2.05)
|
≥65 | 873 | 29.3 |
0.77(0.61,0.97)
|
522
|
61.1
|
3.20(2.56,3.99)
|
778
|
45.0
|
1.64(1.40,1.91)
|
Numbers of child
| |||||||||
≤1 | 683 | 31.3 | 1.00(reference) |
917
|
37.6
| 1.00(reference) |
1600
|
34.6
| 1.00(reference) |
>1 | 985 | 31.5 | 1.03(0.90,1.17) |
1903
|
50.8
|
1.20(1.06,1.35)
|
2888
|
42.0
|
1.13(1.04,1.24)
|
Ethnicity
| |||||||||
Han | 1588 | 31.6 | 1.00(reference) | 2690 | 45.8 | 1.00(reference) |
4278
|
39.3
| 1.00(reference) |
Othersa
| 80 | 28.4 | 0.82(0.62,1.08) | 130 | 41.1 | 0.91(0.72,1.17) |
210
|
35.1
| 0.87(0.73,1.05) |
Educational status
| |||||||||
Primary school or below |
666
|
30.1
| 1.00(reference) |
1811
|
51.5
| 1.00(reference) |
2477
|
43.3
| 1.00(reference) |
Middle school |
765
|
30.7
| 0.98(0.86,1.13) |
824
|
37.5
|
0.84(0.74,0.95)
|
1589
|
33.9
|
0.88(0.80,0.96)
|
High school or above |
237
|
39.0
|
1.31(1.07,1.60)
|
185
|
38.9
| 0.84(0.68,1.04) |
422
|
39.0
| 1.034(0.89,1.20) |
Physical activity
| |||||||||
Light |
444
|
37.0
| 1.00(reference) |
1133
|
51.0
| 1.00(reference) |
1577
|
46.1
| 1.00(reference) |
Moderate |
1121
|
29.4
|
0.75(0.65,0.87)
|
1505
|
41.7
|
0.87(0.77,0.97)
|
2626
|
35.3
|
0.81(0.74,0.89)
|
Severe |
103
|
35.2
| 0.96(0.72,1.26) |
182
|
51.6
| 1.19(0.94,1.51) |
285
|
44.1
| 1.06(0.89,1.27) |
Annual income (CNY/year)
| |||||||||
≤5000 |
202
|
28.4
| 1.00(reference) |
378
|
52.8
| 1.00(reference) | 580 | 40.6 | 1.00(reference) |
5000-20000 |
851
|
29.9
| 1.11(0.91,1.34) |
1563
|
45.8
| 0.99(0.83,1.18) | 2414 | 38.6 | 1.03(0.91,1.17) |
>20000 |
615
|
35.1
|
1.35(1.09,1.66)
|
879
|
42.8
| 1.08(0.89,1.32) | 1494 | 39.2 |
1.19(1.03,1.36)
|
Sleep duration (h/d)
| |||||||||
≤7 | 764 | 30.8 | 1.00(reference) |
1536
|
46.7
| 1.00(reference) |
2300
|
39.9
| 1.00(reference) |
7-8 | 485 | 31.5 | 1.05(0.91,1.21) |
713
|
41.9
| 0.99(0.88,1.13) |
1198
|
37.0
| 1.01(0.92,1.11) |
8-9 | 255 | 31.4 | 1.05(0.88,1.26) |
368
|
47.9
|
1.23(1.04,1.46)
|
623
|
39.4
| 1.12(0.99,1.27) |
>9 | 164 | 34.5 | 1.23(0.99,1.52) |
203
|
47.1
| 1.23(0.99,1.52) |
367
|
40.5
|
1.18(1.02,1.37)
|
Marriage
| |||||||||
No |
111
|
26.9
| 1.00(reference) |
287
|
51.9
| 1.00(reference) |
398
|
41.2
| 1.00(reference) |
Yesb
|
1557
|
31.8
| 1.18(0.93,1.51) |
2533
|
45.0
| 1.21(0.99,1.47) |
4090
|
38.8
| 1.10(0.95,1.28) |
Current smoking status
| |||||||||
No |
783
|
34.3
| 1.00(reference) | 2363 | 45.8 | 1.00(reference) |
3146
|
42.3
| 1.00(reference) |
Yes |
885
|
29.2
|
0.78(0.69,0.89)
| 457 | 44.5 |
0.78(0.67,0.90)
|
1342
|
33.1
|
0.84(0.76,0.92)
|
Current drinking status
| |||||||||
No |
941
|
32.5
| 1.00(reference) |
2752
|
45.8
| 1.00(reference) |
3693
|
41.5
| 1.00(reference) |
Yes |
727
|
30.2
| 0.96(0.85,1.09) |
68
|
37.2
| 0.76(0.55,1.04) |
795
|
39.7
| 0.99(0.88,1.11) |
Cardiovascular disease
c
| |||||||||
No |
1439
|
30.4
| 1.00(reference) |
2139
|
42.7
| 1.00(reference) |
3578
|
36.7
| 1.00(reference) |
Yes |
229
|
40.3
|
1.44(1.19,1.74)
|
681
|
58.0
|
1.40(1.21,1.61)
|
910
|
52.2
|
1.44(1.28,1.60)
|
Cerebrovascular disease
d
| |||||||||
No |
1442
|
30.0
| 1.00(reference) |
2459
|
43.5
| 1.00(reference) |
3901
|
37.3
| 1.00(reference) |
Yes |
215
|
43.9
|
1.78(1.45,2.18)
|
357
|
68.4
|
1.94(1.58,2.38)
|
572
|
56.5
|
1.82(1.58,2.09)
|
Chronic kidney disease
e
| |||||||||
No |
1609
|
31.0
| 1.00(reference) |
2690
|
44.9
| 1.00(reference) |
4299
|
38.5
| 1.00(reference) |
Yes |
30
|
46.9
| 1.55(0.93,2.61) |
52
|
59.1
| 1.09(0.68,1.73) |
82
|
53.9
| 1.36(0.96,1.92) |
Diet score
| |||||||||
<3 | 695 | 31.3 | 1.00(reference) |
1744
|
47.8
| 1.00(reference) |
2439
|
41.6
| 1.00(reference) |
≥3 | 973 | 31.5 | 1.01(0.89,1.15) |
1076
|
42.3
| 0.91(0.82,1.02) |
2049
|
36.4
| 0.97(0.89,1.05) |
Beans or Bean products intake (Frequence/week)
| |||||||||
Rarely |
501
|
28.4
| 1.00(reference) | 1251 | 45.4 | 1.00(reference) | 1752 | 38.8 | 1.00(reference) |
2-3times |
925
|
32.0
|
1.17(1.02,1.33)
| 1262 | 45.3 | 1.03(0.92,1.16) | 2221 | 38.7 | 1.09(0.99,1.18) |
≥4times |
242
|
36.7
|
1.42(1.17,1.73)
| 273 | 47.5 | 1.12(0.92,1.36) | 515 | 41.7 |
1.24(1.09,1.43)
|
Tea intake (Frequence/day)
| |||||||||
No | 788 | 29.7 | 1.00(reference) | 2160 | 46.5 | 1.00(reference) |
2948
|
40.4
| 1.00(reference) |
rarely | 458 | 33.4 |
1.20(1.04,1.38)
| 393 | 43.0 | 1.08(0.93,1.26) |
851
|
37.2
|
1.11(1.00,1.23)
|
1-2 times | 356 | 32.9 |
1.21(1.03,1.42)
| 245 | 43.4 | 1.03(0.85,1.24) |
601
|
36.5
| 1.11(0.99,1.26) |
3-4 times | 66 | 33.2 | 1.18(0.86,1.63) | 22 | 36.1 | 0.88(0.51,1.53) |
88
|
33.8
| 1.03(0.79,1.36) |