Background
Case presentation
Conclusions
Clinical presentation
Orthopaedic disorders
|
Distinguishing features
|
---|---|
Rotator cuff pathology | Subacute or insidious onset, pain intensity varies, worsens with motion, weakness, progressive |
Adhesive capsulitis | Subacute onset, pain, ‘frozen shoulder’, limited range of motion (active and passive), progressive |
Subacromial bursitis | Subacute onset, pain along front and side, nighttime pain, painful arc of motion, fluctuating course |
Calcific tendinitis | Subacute onset, pain, worsens with elevation, sometimes stiffness, self-limiting |
Osteoarthritis | Insidious onset, pain, worsens with motion, stiffness, secondary weakness, slowly progressive |
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy | Onset during adolescence, facial weakness, weakening biceps/triceps/deltoids, hearing loss, painless, progressive |
Cervical spondylosis with referred brachialgia | Often posture or activity dependent, no neurological deficits, fluctuating course |
(Primary) tumors of the scapula | Non acute onset, scapular winging without weakness and no neurological symptoms |
Neurological disorders
|
Distinguishing features
|
Cervical radiculopathy, degenerative | Insidious onset, slowly progressive or fluctuating course |
Cervical radiculopathy, discrupture | Acute onset, pain varies with posture: pain, sensory and motor symptoms occur in the same dermatome |
Mononeuritis multiplex/vasculitis | Symptoms also occur in legs or distal arm, subacute onset, progressive |
Multifocal motor neuropathy | Painless, no sensory symptoms, distal predominance, progressive |
Asian tick-borne encephalitis (poliomyelitic) | Following viral prodrome, severe headache and back pain, flaccid shoulder girdle paralysis |
Focal motor neuron disease | Insidious onset, no sensory symptoms, painless, progressive |
Entrapment neuropathies | Subacute onset, mild to moderate pain, prominent sensory symptoms |
Other disorders
|
Distinguishing features
|
Complex regional pain syndrome | Subacute onset, vasomotor features predominate, diffuse pain and weakness, progressive |
Lyme disease | Subacute onset, swelling, pain, rash, fever, fatigue, fluctuating course |
Ancillary diagnostic studies
Treatment
Outcome
Pathophysiology
Viruses Herpes simplex |
Bacteria Escherichia coli |
Moulds Aspergillus species |
---|---|---|
Epstein-Barr | Borrelia burgdorferi | |
Cytomegalo | Neisseria gonorrhoe | |
Varicella zoster | Salmonella panama | |
Parvo B19 | Yersinia enterocolica | |
Human immunodefiency | Staphylococcus aureus | |
Hepatitis B | Streptococcus group A | |
Hepatitis E | Brucella species | |
Vaccinia | Coxiella burnetti | |
Coxsackie B | Chlamydophila pneumoniae | |
West Nile | Leptospira species | |
Dengue fever | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | |
Bartonella henselae |