Background
Methods
Participants
Study protocol
Definitions
Statistics
Results
Total
(n = 269)
| Men
(n = 101)
| Women
(n = 168)
|
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr)
| 40.1 ± 9.49 | 40.5 ± 10.15 | 39.9 ± 9.42 | 0.582 |
Systolic pressure (mmHg)
| 111.1 ± 15.13 | 115.2 ± 15.00 | 108.5 ± 14.30 | 0.001 |
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)
| 74.5 ± 11.55 | 77.7 ± 9.98 | 72.6 ± 11.84 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 27.7 ± 4.26 | 27.7 ± 3.81 | 27.7 ± 4.72 | 0.465 |
Glucose (mmol/liter)
| 4.92 ± 1.00 | 4.93 ± 0.58 | 4.91 ± 1.30 | 0.088 |
Triglycerides (mmol/liter)
| 1.46 [0.77] | 1.61 [0.94] | 1.37 [0.81] | < 0.001 |
Cholesterol (mmol/liter)
| 5.20 [1.42] | 5.12 [1.61] | 5.21 [1.44] | 0.987 |
HDL-c (mmol/liter)
| 1.16 [0.36] | 1.01 [0.28] | 1.21 [0.44] | < 0.001 |
LDL-c (mmol/liter)
| 3.34 [1.08] | 3.36 [1.20] | 3.32 [1.05] | 0.850 |
Insulin (pmol/liter)
| 65.28 [40.97] | 68.75 [45.83] | 63.19 [39.44] | 0.180 |
Plasma total adiponectin and HMWA levels in the study population
Total adiponectin (μg/ml) |
P
| HMWA (μg/ml) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATP criteria
| ||||
All
(n = 269)
| ||||
Metabolic syndrome
(n = 77)
| 7.26 [3.57] | 0.006 | 4.10 [3.07] | 0.007 |
No metabolic syndrome
(n = 192)
| 8.91 [4.84] | 5.05 [4.03] | ||
Men
(n = 101)
| ||||
Metabolic syndrome
(n = 30)
| 6.44 [2.94] | 0.183 | 3.25 [2.13] | 0.245 |
No metabolic syndrome
(n = 71)
| 7.32 [2.65] | 3.50 [3.00] | ||
Women
(n = 168)
| ||||
Metabolic syndrome
(n = 47)
| 8.68 [4.58] | 0.024 | 4.60 [5.00] | 0.037 |
No metabolic syndrome
(n = 121)
| 10.06 [4.91] | 5.80 [4.20] | ||
IDF criteria
| ||||
All
(n = 269)
| ||||
Metabolic syndrome
(n = 102)
| 7.27 [3.39] | < 0.001 | 3.95 [2.48] | < 0.001 |
No metabolic syndrome
(n = 167)
| 9.11 [4.98] | 5.40 [4.40] | ||
Men
(n = 101)
| ||||
Metabolic syndrome
(n = 45)
| 6.68 [2.79] | 0.123 | 3.20 [1.80] | 0.114 |
No metabolic syndrome
(n = 56)
| 7.52 [2.93] | 3.55 [3.48] | ||
Women
(n = 168)
| ||||
Metabolic syndrome
(n = 57)
| 8.68 [4.33] | 0.002 | 4.60 [4.55] | 0.007 |
No metabolic syndrome
(n = 111)
| 10.48 [4.71] | 6.20 [4.40] |
Concentration of total and HMWA levels associated with insulin resistance
Adiponectin | High Molecular Weight Adiponectin | HMWA/adiponectin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ρ |
P
| ρ |
P
| ρ |
P
| |
Fasting insulin
| -0.330 | 0.001 | -0.323 | 0.001 | -0.230 | 0.001 |
HOMA-IR
| -0.332 | 0.001 | -0.325 | 0.040 | -0.228 | 0.001 |
HOMA2S
| -0.329 | 0.001 | -0.323 | 0.001 | -0.231 | 0.001 |
Triglyceride/HDL cholesterol
| -0.458 | 0.001 | -0.459 | 0.001 | -0.302 | 0.001 |
Total adiponectin (μg/ml) |
P
| HMWA (μg/ml) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
HOMA-IR
| ||||
All
(n = 269)
| ||||
Insulin resistance
(n = 100)
| 7.05 [3.70] | < 0.001 | 3.70 [2.90] | < 0.001 |
No insulin resistance
(n = 169)
| 8.96 [4.78] | 5.30 [4.50] | ||
Men
(n = 101)
| ||||
Insulin resistance
(n = 42)
| 6.20 [3.15] | 0.049 | 3.15 [2.43] | 0.046 |
No insulin resistance
(n = 59)
| 7.34 [2.65] | 3.80 [2.80] | ||
Women
(n = 168)
| ||||
Insulin resistance
(n = 58)
| 8.73 [3.66] | < 0.001 | 4.70 [3.35] | < 0.001 |
No insulin resistance
(n = 110)
| 10.76 [5.36] | 6.45 [4.58] | ||
Triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol
| ||||
All
(n = 269)
| 7.33 [3.51] | < 0.001 | 3.90 [3.08] | < 0.001 |
Insulin resistance
(n = 156)
| 9.90 [4.84] | 5.90 [4.20] | ||
No insulin resistance
(n = 113)
| ||||
Men
(n = 101)
| 6.70 [3.03] | 0.024 | 3.20 [2.15] | 0.004 |
Insulin resistance
(n = 78)
| 8.17 [2.98] | 5.10 [4.40] | ||
No insulin resistance
(n = 23)
| ||||
Women
(n = 168)
| 8.70 [4.44] | < 0.001 | 4.75 [4.45] | < 0.001 |
Insulin resistance
(n = 78)
| 10.85 [4.73] | 6.40 [4.43] | ||
No insulin resistance
(n = 90)
| ||||
HOMA2%S
| ||||
All
(n = 269)
| ||||
Insulin resistance
(n = 123)
| 7.97 [3.74] | < 0.001 | 4.20 [3.23] | < 0.001 |
No insulin resistance
(n = 146)
| 8.70 [4.74] | 4.95 [4.58] | ||
Men
(n = 101)
| ||||
Insulin resistance
(n = 47)
| 6.61 [3.28] | 0.115 | 3.20 [2.80] | 0.240 |
No insulin resistance
(n = 54)
| 7.33 [2.71] | 3.55 [2.63] | ||
Women
(n = 168)
| ||||
Insulin resistance
(n = 76)
| 9.01 [4.62] | 0.001 | 4.90 [3.70] | <0.001 |
No insulin resistance
(n = 92)
| 10.76 [5.15] | 6.55 [4.63] |
Utility of total adiponectin and HMWA for the identification of IR and metabolic disturbances
All
(n = 269)
| Women
(n = 168)
| Men
(n = 101)
| |
---|---|---|---|
IR by HOMA-IR
| |||
Total adiponectin
| 0.664 [0.597-0.732] | 0.705 [0.622-0.788] | 0.615 [0.501-0.729] |
HMWA
| 0.669 [0.603-0.735] | 0.693 [0.608-0.777] | 0.617 [0.506-0.728] |
S
A
index
| 0.622 [0.554-0.691] | 0.631 [0.541-0.721] | 0.584 [0.472-0.697] |
IR by triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol index
| |||
Total adiponectin
| 0.717 [0.655-0.778] | 0.670 [0.587-0.753] | 0.655 [0.530-0.779] |
HMWA
| 0.730 [0.670-0.790] | 0.661 [0.579-0.744] | 0.696 [0.557-0.835] |
S
A
index
| 0.663 [0.598-0.729] | 0.604 [0.518-0.690] | 0.592 [0.475-0.777] |
IR by HOMA2%S
| |||
Total adiponectin
| 0.617 [0.549-0.684] | 0.654 [0.569-0.738] | 0.591 [0.479-0.704] |
HMWA
| 0.623 [0.556-0.690] | 0.664 [0.582-0.747] | 0.568 [0.456-0.680] |
S
A
index
| 0.603 [0.535-0.671] | 0.657 [0.574-0.740] | 0.524 [0.411-0.638] |
Obesity
| |||
Total adiponectin
| 0.592 [0.510-0.673] | 0.591 [0.485-0.697] | 0.633 [0.507-0.758] |
HMWA
| 0.610 [0.531-0.690] | 0.608 [0.504-0.713] | 0.637 [0.519-0.756] |
S
A
index
| 0.613 [0.536-0.689] | 0.607 [0.510-0.705] | 0.637 [0.518-0.756] |
Hypertriglyceridemia
| |||
Total adiponectin
| 0.661 [0.596-0.726] | 0.650 [0.561-0.738] | 0.550 [0.434-0.666] |
HMWA
| 0.671 [0.607-0.736] | 0.634 [0.545-0.724] | 0.604 [0.488-0.720] |
S
A
index
| 0.616 [0.549-0.683] | 0.572 [0.480-0.664] | 0.586 [0.471-0.701] |
Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
| |||
Total adiponectin
| 0.624 [0.555-0.692] | 0.621 [0.535-0.707] | 0.672 [0.565-0. 780] |
HMWA
| 0.633 [0.564-0.702] | 0.631 [0.545-0.716] | 0.657 [0.538-0.776] |
S
A
index
| 0.606 [0.535-0.677] | 0.604 [0.516-0.691] | 0.597 [0.473-0.721] |