Calcium channels: evolutional aspects
Toward the Na channel: high-speed signaling required by multicellularity
Muscle fibers: a particular evolutionary aspect
High frequency-induced upregulation of human cardiac calcium currents: the final evolution
Contractility
Molecular aspects: calcium ion fluxes in cardiac contraction-relaxation cycle
Left ventricular contraction
Left ventricular relaxation
Preload and after load
Contractility: how can it be defined?
The isolated myocardial fiber: idealized contractility in the physio lab
The in vivo, beating heart: how to measure contractility
Contractility and heart rate
Molecular basis
Cellular and myocardial fiber level
Fetal gene program: back from the future
Present limits of end systolic elastance (ESPVR slope) for contractility measurement
Author | Feldman | Bhargava | Hasenfusss | Liu | Inagaki | Schuler | Dehmer | Lavie |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Journal
| J Clin Invest | Am J Cardiol | Eur Heart J | Circ | Circ | Am j Cardiol | Am J Cardiol | Chest |
Year
| 1988 | 1988 | 1994 | 1993 | 1999 | 1982 | 1981 | 1989 |
Method |
cath lab
|
cath lab
|
cath lab
|
cath lab
|
cath lab
|
nuc
|
nuc
|
nuc
|
FORCE
| SP/ESV | dP/dt | dP/dt | Ees | dP/dt | SP/ESV | SP/ESV | SP/ESV |
TREPPE
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Base- peak | Base-peak | Base-peak |
HR increase
| PM | PM | PM | PM | PM EX ISO | EX | EX | EX |
PTS# Disease
| DC 7 | DC 5 | DC 9 | HYP 10 | HYP 17 | AR 14 | AR 17 | MR 11 |
FFR Upsloping
| 3 | - | - | - | 7 | 7 | 11 | 7 |
Flat-Biph
| - | 2 | - | 10 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 2 |
Neg
| 4 | 3 | 9 | - | - | - | 4 | 2 |
Control #
| 6 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 15 | - |
FFR Upsloping
| 6 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 15 | - |
Flat-Biph
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Neg
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |