Introduction
Methods
Subjects
Surgical procedure and sampling
Neurochemical analysis
Statistical methods
Results
Serum and CSF cytokine levels were increased following peripheral surgery
Serum
Serum | IFN-γ | IL-1β | IL-2 | IL-4 | IL-5 | IL-8 | IL-10 | IL-12 | IL-13 | TNF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A
| 1.36 ± 1.12 N = 34 | 0.63 ± 0.06 N = 34 | 1.20 ± 1.51 N = 34 | 0.62 ± 0.04 N = 34 | 1.05 ± 0.91 N = 34 | 23.98 ± 116.12 N = 34 | 3.53 ± 4.09 N = 34 | 3.35 ± 5.02 N = 34 | 11.81 ± 26.15 N = 34 | 8.62 ± 3.05 N = 34 |
B
| 1.49 ± 1.18 N = 34 | 0.64 ± 0.12 N = 34 | 0.95 ± 0.64 N = 34 | 0.62 ± 0.08 N = 34 | 1.00 ± 0.08 N = 34 | 26.86 ± 123.50 N = 34 | 6.00 ± 7.43 N = 34 | 3.35 ± 5.10 N = 34 | 10.96 ± 23.36 N = 34 | 9.35 ± 3.71 N = 34 |
C
| 1.07 ± 0.78 N = 34 | 0.64 ± 0.12 N = 34 | 1.16 ± 1.64 N = 34 | 0.63 ± 0.10 N = 34 | 1.61 ± 1.51 N = 34 | 30.19 ± 126.82 N = 34 | 9.62 ± 7.28 N = 34 | 3.11 ± 4.60 N = 34 | 9.54 ± 19.15 N = 34 | 7.91 ± 2.25 N = 34 |
Friedman′s statistics
| χ2 (2) = 5.009 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 0.857 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 0.364 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 0.286 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 7.013 P = 0.03* | χ2 (2) = 43.304 P <0.001*** | χ2 (2) = 49.259 P <0.001*** | χ2 (2) = 0.505 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 4.047 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 9.450 P = 0.009** |
Wilcoxon signed rank test
P
-values
|
AB n.s. AC
P
= 0.03* BC
P
= 0.02*
|
AB
P
<0.001*** AC
P
<0.001*** BC n.s.
|
AB
P
<0.001** AC
P
<0.001*** BC
P
<0.001***
|
AB n.s. AC
P
= 0.03* BC n.s.
| ||||||
CSF
|
IFN-γ
|
IL-1β
|
IL-2
|
IL-4
|
IL-5
|
IL-8
|
IL-10
|
IL-12
|
IL-13
|
TNF
|
A
| 0.70 ± 0.29 N = 26 | 0.63 ± 0.10 N = 25 | 0.63 ± 0.54 N = 25 | 0.61 ± 0.00 N = 25 | 0.61 ± 0.00 N = 25 | 30.40 ± 8.80 N = 25 | 0.76 ± 0.22 N = 25 | 0.64 ± 0.13 N = 25 | 0.61 ± 0.00 N = 25 | 0.67 ± 0.14 N = 25 |
B
| 1.08 ± 0.97 N = 26 | 0.84 ± 0.47 N = 25 | 4.74 ± 10.77 N = 25 | 0.62 ± 0.05 N = 25 | 1.31 ± 1.87 N = 25 | 880.68 ± 1975.95 N = 25 | 6.91 ± 14.69 N = 25 | 1.54 ± 2.55 N = 25 | 3.02 ± 5.64 N = 25 | 2.76 ± 5.07 N = 25 |
C
| 0.93 ± 0.80 N = 26 | 0.79 ± 0.35 N = 25 | 3.38 ± 6.33 N = 25 | 0.61 ± 0.00 N = 25 | 0.99 ± 0.79 N = 25 | 543.20 ± 964.20 N = 25 | 5.15 ± 9.23 N = 25 | 1.21 ± 1.91 N = 25 | 3.26 ± 4.36 N = 25 | 1.77 ± 2.32 N = 25 |
Friedman′s statistics
| χ2(2) = 3.150 n.s. | χ2(2) = 4.839 n.s. | χ2(2) = 19.316 P <0.001*** | χ2 (2) = 4.00 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 10.042 P = 0.007** | χ2 (2) = 38.000 P <0.001*** | χ2 (2) = 27.758 P <0.001*** | χ2 (2) = 5.892 n.s. | χ2 (2) = 23.343 P <0.001*** | χ2 (2) = 17.956 P <0.001*** |
Wilcoxon signed rank test
P
-values
| AB P = 0.001*** AC P <0.001*** BC n.s. | AB n.s. AC P = 0.002 ** BC n.s. | AB P <0.001*** AC P <0.001*** BC n.s. | AB P <0.001*** AC P <0.001*** BC n.s. | AB P <0.001*** AC P = 0.001*** BC n.s. | AB P <0.001*** AC P <0.001*** BC n.s. |
CSF
Subgroups with different patterns of CSF cytokine response
Group | csf IL-2 | csf IL-4 | csf IL-5 | csf IL-8 | csf IL-10 | csf IL-12 | csf IL-13 | csf TNF | csf INFγ | serum IL-4 | serum IL-8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A
| high responders | 19.30 (10) | 22.65 (10) | |||||||||
rest of sample | 16.00 (23) | 14.54 (23) | ||||||||||
U,
P
-value
|
n.s.
|
n.s.
|
n.s.
|
n.s.
|
92.00, 0.027*
|
58.50, 0.027*
| ||||||
B
| high responders | 22.80 (10) | 18.10 (10) | 19.70 (10) | 24.30 (10) | 22.70 (10) | 23.10 (10) | 19.50, 0.001 | 23.80 (10) | 21.50 (10) | 23.15 (10) | |
rest of sample | 13.64 (22) | 15.00 (21) | 14.24 (21) | 12.05 (21) | 12.81 (21) | 12.62 (21) | 11.76 (21) | 12.29 (22) | 14.23 (22) | 14.33 (23) | ||
U,
P
-value
|
47.00, 0.008**
|
84.00, 0.037*
|
68.00, 0.042*
|
22.00, <0.001***
|
38.00, 0.005**
|
34.00, <0.001***
|
16.00, <0.001***
|
27.00, 0.001***
|
60.00, 0.016*
|
n.s.
|
53.50, 0.016*
| |
C
| high responders | 24.00 (10) | 25.00 (10) | 25.15 (10) | 25.00 (10) | 23.35 (10) | 25.55 (10) | 20.65 (10) | ||||
rest of sample | 13.09 (22) | 12.64 (22) | 12.57 (22) | 12.64 (22) | 13.39 (22) | 12.39 (22) | 14.61 (22) | |||||
U,
P
-value
|
35.00, 0.002*
|
n.s.
|
25.00, <0.001***
|
23.50, <0.001***
|
25.00, 0.001***
|
41.50, 0.001***
|
n.s.
|
68.50, 0.027
|
n.s.
|
n.s.
|