Introduction
Methods
Patients
Different Highly active anti retroviral Therapies (HAART) used
Sample collection and treatment
Biochemical analyses in plasma
Statistical analysis
Results
Immunological characteristics
HIV- | pre-HAART | HAART | |
---|---|---|---|
n
| 90 | 65 | 85 |
Sex (M/F)
| 20/70 | 27/38 | 30/55 |
Age (years)
| 34 ± 9.15 | 33.71 ± 8.56 | 36.8 ± 8.91 |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 25.31 ± 2.44 | 25.01 ± 3.66 | 25.19 ± 4.70 |
CD4 (lymphocytes/mm3) | / | 496 ± 163 | 266 ± 137a |
Viral load
| / | 26754 ± 8347 | 111136,33 ± 25281a |
Plasma analysis
Groups | HIV negative (n = 90) | HIV positve | |
---|---|---|---|
pre-HAART (n = 65)
|
HAART (n = 85)
| ||
Carbonyls (nmol/mg protein)
| 1.07 ± 0.27 | 1.34 ± 0.98a | 0.84 ± 0.90a |
TBARS (μmol/l)
| 1.3 ± 0.12 | 4.2 ± 0.77a | 6.28 ± 1.3ab |
HIV negative (n = 90) | HIV+ | ||
---|---|---|---|
Groups
|
pre-HAART (n = 65)
|
HAART (n = 85)
| |
Sulfhydryls (nmol/mg protein)
| 8.03 ± 0.68 | 4.90 ± 2.78a | 3.87 ± 2.85a |
Albumin (mol/l)
| 0.94 ± 0.32 | 0.41 ± 0.05a | 0.49 ± 0.28ab |
Vitamin C (μmol/l)
| 27.1 ± 4.22 | 26 ± 4.01 | 21.43 ± 4.53 |
HIV- | HIV+ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups
|
Control (n = 90)
|
pre-HAART (n = 65)
|
Therapy I (n = 40)
|
Therapy II (n = 20)
|
Therapy III (n = 25)
|
Carbonyls (nmol/mg)
| 1.07 ± 0.27 | 1.34 ± 0.98a | 0.79 ± 0.10ab | 0.93 ± 0.16b | 0.81 ± 0.09ab |
TBARS (μmol/l)
| 1.30 ± 0.12 | 4.20 ± 0.70a | 7.02 ± 2.58ab | 5.92 ± 1.46ab | 5.84 ± 0.89ab |
HIV- | HIV+ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups
|
Control (n = 90)
|
pre-HAART (n = 65)
|
Therapy I (n = 40)
|
Therapy II (n = 20)
|
Therapy III (n = 25)
|
Sulfhydryls (nmol/mg protein)
| 8.03 ±± 0.68 | 4.90 ± 2.78a | 4.5 ± 2.1a | 2.70 ± 1.45abc | 4.37 ± 2.01a |
Albumin (mol/l)
| 0.94 ± 0.32 | 0.41 ± 0.05a | 0.47 ± 0.24a | 0.54 ± 0.31ab | 0.47 ± 0.29a |
Vitamin C (μmol/l)
| 27.1 ± 4.22 | 26 ± 4.01 | 12.9 ± 2.12ab | 22.9 ± 5.01c | 28.5 ± 7.45c |
pre-HAART (n = 65) | HAART (n = 85) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
CD4 sub class
| <200 | ≥ 200 | <200 | ≥ 200 |
n
| 28 (43,18%) | 37 (56.82%) | 44 (51.7%) | 41(48.3%) |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 23.91 ± 0.64 | 26.92 ± 1.09* | 26.29 ± 1.39 | 25.22 ± 0.98 |
Albumin (mol/l)
| 0.39 ± 0.08 | 0.57 ± 0.13 | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 0.47 ± 0.15 |
CD4 (lymphocytes/mm
3
)
| 93.37 ± 13.01 | 434.21 ± 71.56** | 73.26 ± 15.18 | 341.83 ± 30.44** |
Sulfhydryls (nmol/mg protein)
| 4. 85 ± 1.30 | 4.94 ± 2.5 | 4.30 ± 2.7 | 3.59 ± 1.20 |
TBARS (μmol/l)
| 4.31 ± 0.47 | 4.82 ± 0.7 | 6.80 ± 1.62 | 5.82 ± 1.17 |
Carbonyls (nmol/mg protein)
| 1.45 ± 0.10 | 1.17 ± 0.16 | 0.83 ± 0.20 | 0.86 ± 0.14 |
Effect of nutritional status and CD4 count on oxidative damage seen in subjects on HAART
pre-HAART (n = 65) | HAART (n = 85) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI Sub class (kg/m
2
)
| 20–25 | ≥ 25 | <20 | 20–25 | ≥ 25 |
n
| 22 (33.9%) | 43 (66.1%) | 10 (11.8%) | 42 (49.4%) | 33 (38.8%) |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 22.88 ± 0.48 | 27.63 ± 0.64 | 18.61 ± 0.32 | 23.04 ± 0.37 | 30.01 ± 0.94 |
Albumin (mol/l)
| 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.51 ± 0.026c | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 0.47 ± 0.027 | 0.40 ± 0.045 |
Sulfhydryls (nmol/mg protein)
| 5.02 ± 1.48 | 4.80 ± 2.12 | 3.60 ± 2.1 | 5.12 ± 2.5 | 3.39 ± 0.95b |
TBARS (μmol/l)
| 4.09 ± 0.57 | 4.50 ± 0.77 | 5.57 ± 1.29 | 6.76 ± 1.50 | 6.40 ± 1.43 |
Carbonyls (nmol/mg protein)
| 0.93 ± 0.14 | 0.90 ± 0.2 | 1.09 ± 0.24 | 0.82 ± 0.15a | 0.78 ± 0.11a |
pre-HAART (n = 65) | HAART (n = 85) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Albumin sub class (mol/l)
| <0.507 | ≥ 0.507 | <0.507 | ≥ 0.507 |
n
| 35 (53.9%) | 30 (25.9%) | 63 (74.9%) | 22 (25.9%) |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 23.87 ± 0.65 | 27.83 ± 1.15** | 25.11 ± 0.96 | 25.54 ± 1.47 |
Albumin (mol/l)
| 0.35 ± 0.094 | 0.57 ± 0.05*** | 0.33 ± 0.017 | 0.55 ± 0.018*** |
CD4 (lymphocytes/mm
3
)
| 345.71 ± 59.58 | 582.25 ± 102.49** | 258 ± 42.04 | 269.38 ± 45.38 |
Sulfhydryls (nmol/mg protein)
| 4.73 ± 1.49 | 5.07 ± 2.7 | 3.52 ± 1.59 | 4.24 ± 2.71 |
TBARS (μmol/l)
| 3.95 ± 0.56 | 4.72 ± 0.64** | 6.79 ± 1.21 | 6.11 ± 1.75* |
Carbonyls (nmol/mg protein)
| 0.95 ± 0.17 | 0.81 ± 0.16 | 0.82 ± 0.16 | 0.85 ± 0.18 |
Parameters | Independent contributing factors | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI
|
Age
|
Gender
|
CD4
|
Viral Load
| |
Carbonyls (nmol/mg protein
| 0.093 | 0.140 | 0.026 | -0.139 | 0.176 |
Sulfhydryls (nmol/mg protein)
| 0.104 | -0.030 | 0.015 | 0.420** | -0.407** |
TBARS (μmol/l)
| 0.170 | 0.060 | 0.185 | -0.190 | 0.102 |
Vitamin C (μmol/l)
| -0.067 | -0.010 | 0.010 | -0.091 | -0.084 |
Albumin (mol/l)
| 0.345* | -0.011 | 0.030 | 0.320* | -0.366* |