Background
Methods
Community/area code
|
Community/area name
|
Region
|
Ecological and economic characteristic of the community/area
|
Ethnicity/Language
|
Number of interviewees
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | Val Canale/Kanatal and Carnia | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | Mountainous/alpine area: small-scale agriculture, tourism | German, Slovenian, and Friulan | 25 |
N2 | Val Lagarina | Trentino-South Tyrol | Mountainous/pre-alpine area: tourism, agriculture, industrial activities | Northern Italian | 25 |
N3 | Alta Valsassina | Lombardy | Mountainous/pre-alpine area: tourism, cow breeding, intensive industrial activities nearby | Northern Italian | 25 |
N4 | Val Grande and Verbania/Countryside | Piedmont | Mountainous/pre-alpine area: tourism | Northern Italian | 25 |
N5 | Valchiusella | Piedmont | Mountainous/pre-alpine area: eco-tourism, industrial areas close by | Northern Italian | 25 |
N6 | Moncalieri and Ternavasso Lake area | Piedmont | rural/industrialised area: intensive agriculture (vineyards), industrial activities | Northern Italian | 47 |
N7 | Verduno | Piedmont | Rural/industrialised area: intensive agriculture (vineyards), eno-gastronomic tourism, minor industrial activities | Northern Italian | 23 |
N8 | Val Nervia | Liguria | rural area: intensive agriculture (flowers, olive trees, vineyards); thermal tourism near by | Northern Italian | 25 |
N9 | Chiavari hills | Liguria | Rural area: tourist activities near by | Northern Italian | 28 |
N10 | Quattro Castella | Emilia-Romagna | Rural/industrialised area: intensive agriculture, pig breeding, food industries | Northern Italian | 25 |
C1 | Massa Carrara/Countryside | Tuscany | rural area: agriculture (olive trees), industrial activities nearby | Central Italian | 25 |
C2
|
Garfagnana
|
Tuscany
|
Mountainous/rural area: tourism, small-scale agriculture, minor industrial activities
|
Central Italian
|
95
|
C3 | Terni/Contryside | Umbria | rural area: agriculture (olive trees and vineyards); industrial activities nearby | Central Italian | 27 |
S1
|
Ginestra
|
Basilicata
|
Rural area: agriculture (vineyards and olive trees), industrial activities nearby
|
Albanian
|
68
|
S2
|
Castelmezzano
|
Basilicata
|
Rural area: small scale agriculture, tourism
|
South Italian
|
86
|
S3
|
Gallicianò
|
Calabria
|
Rural area: small scale agriculture
|
Greek
|
36
|
S4 | Pisano Etneo | Sicily | Rural area: small scale agriculture, industrial activities nearby | South Italian | 21 |
S5 | Messina/Countryside | Sicily | Rural/industrialised peri-urban area: small scale agriculture, industrial activities nearby | South Italian | 25 |
S6 | Alcamo area | Sicily | rural area: agriculture (olive trees and vineyards), eno-gastronomic tourism | South Italian | 25 |
SAR | Dorgali, Oliena, and Gavoi | Sardinia | Rural area: small scale agriculture (olive trees), minor industrial activities nearby | Sardinian | 25 |
AB1 | Milan/Hinterland | Lombardy | Industrialised peri-urban area | Northern Italian | 24 |
AB2 | Valverde | Lombardy | Rural area: small scale agriculture and food industries | Northern Italian | 23 |
AB3 | Val Sangone and Susa Valley | Piedmont | Mountainous/pre-alpine area: tourism | Northern Italian and Franco-Provençal | 26 |
AB4 | Naples/Countryside | Campania | Rural/industrialised peri-urban area: intensive agriculture, industrial activities nearby | Southern Italian | 25 |
AB5 | Trisobbio | Piedmont | Rural area: intensive agriculture (vineyards) | Northern Italian | 30 |
Results and discussion
Most cited taxa
Botanical taxa | English common names and part uses | N1 n = 25 | N2 n = 25 | N3 n = 25 | N4 n = 25 | N5 n = 25 | N6 n = 47 | N7 n = 23 | N8 n = 25 | N9 n = 28 | N10 n = 25 | C1 n = 25 |
C2 n = 95
| C3 n = 27 |
S1 n = 68
|
S2 n = 86
|
S3 n = 36
| S4 n = 21 | S5 n = 25 | S6 n = 25 | SAR n = 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allium ursinum L. | Bear's garlic, leaves | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Amaranthus retroflexus L. | Pigweed, leaves | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. | Fool's watercress, aerial parts | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Arbutus unedo L. | Strawberry tree, fruits | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fernand | Goat's beard, shoots | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||
Asparagus acutifolius
L.
|
Wild asparagus, shoots (1)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||
Bellis perennis L. | Daisy, whorls | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Beta vulgaris L. ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang. | Wild beet, leaves | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||
Borago officinalis
L.
|
Borage, aerial parts (2)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
Brassica fruticulosa Cyr. | Wild mustard, leaves | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Calamintha nepeta Savi | Lesser calamint, leaves | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Campanula rapunculus L. | Rampion, whorls and roots | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||
Capparis spinosa L. | Caper, flower buds and fruits | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med. | Shepherd's purse, whorls | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Carum carvi L. | Caraway, fruits | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Celtis aetnensis (Tornabene) Strobl | Etnean hackberry tree, fruits | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Centranthus ruber (L). DC. | Red valerian, whorls | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Chenopodium album L. | Fat hen, leaves | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Chenpodium bonus-henricus L. | Good King Henry, leaves | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Chondrilla juncea L. | Naked weed, whorls and shoots | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. | Alpine thistle, whorls | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Cichorium intybus
L.
|
Wild chicory, whorls and shoots (3)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
Clematis vitalba L. | Traveller's joy, shoots | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||
Chrisanthemum segetum L. | Corn-marigold, whorls | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Cornus mas L. | Cornelian cherry tree, fruits | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Crataegus spp. | Hawthorn, fruits | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Crithmum maritimum L. | Rock samphire, young aerial parts | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Crepis spp. | Hawksbeard, whorls | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Cynara cardunculus L. ssp. cardunculus | Wild artichoke, flower receptacles, stems, and roots | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Daucus carota L. | Wild carrot, whorls | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. | Wall rocket, leaves | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Foeniculum vulgare
L.
|
Wild fennel, young aerial parts and fruits (4)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||
Fragaria vesca L. | Wild strawberry, fruits | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Galactites tomentosa Moench. | Galactites, leaves and stems | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Hedypnois cretica Willd. | Cretan weed, whorls | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. | Hoary mustard, leaves | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Humulus lupulus L. | Wild hop, shoots | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||
Hyoseris radiata L. | Hyoseris, whorls | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Hypochoeris spp. | Cat's ear, whorls | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||
Juniperus communis L. | Juniper, fruits | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||
Lactuca spp. | Wild lettuce, whorls | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Leontodon spp. | Hawkbit, whorls | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||
Leopoldia comosa Parl. | Tassel hyacinth, bulbs | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Malva sylvestris L. | Mallow, young leaves | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Myrtus communis L. | Myrtle, fruits | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. | Watercress, aerial parts | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||||||
Origanum heracleoticum L. | Sicilian oregano, flowering tops | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Origanum vulgare L. | Oregano, flowering tops | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Papaver rhoeas L. | Corn poppy, whorls | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||
Parietaria officinalis L. | Pellitory of the wall, leaves | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Phyteuma spp. | Rampion, whorls and roots | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Picris echioides L. | Ox-tongue, whorls | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Pinus pinea L. | Italian stone pine, seeds | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Pistacia lentiscus L. | Mastix tree, fruits | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Plantago lanceolata L. | Plantain, young leaves | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||
Polygonum bistorta L. | Bistort, leaves | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Portulaca oleracea L. | Purslane, young aerial parts | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Primula vulgaris Hudson | Primrose, whorls | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Prunus spinosa L. | Sloe, fruits | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Quercus spp. | Oak tree, fruits | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Ranunculus ficaria L. | Lesser celandine, young leaves. | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Raphanus raphanistrum L. | Wild radish, young leaves | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||
Reichardia picroides
L.
|
French scorzanera, whorls (5)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||
Reseda alba L. | White mignonette, whorls | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Robinia pseudoacacia L. | Black locust, flowers | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Rosa canina L. | Dog rose, fruits | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||
Rubus fruticosus L. | Blackberry, shoots and fruits | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||
Rubus ideaus L. | Raspberry, fruits | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Rumex acetosella L. | Sorrel, leaves | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Rumex crispus L. | Dock, leaves | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Ruscus aculeatus L. | Butcher's broom, shoots | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Sambucus nigra
L.
|
Elderberry tree, fruits (6)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||
Sanguisorba minor L. | Great burnet, leaves | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Satureja montana L. | Wild savory, leaves | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Scolymus hispanicus L. | Spanish salsify, midribs | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Silene vulgaris
Moench.
|
Bladder campion, young aerial parts (7)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||
Sinapis spp. | Wild mustard, leaves | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||
Sonchus
spp.
|
Thistle, whorls (8)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
Sisysmbrium officinale (L.) Scop. | Hedge mustard, leaves | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Taraxacum officinale
Weber
|
Dandelion, leaves (9)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||||
Tordylium apulum L. | Roman pimpernel, leaves | + | |||||||||||||||||||
Thymus serpyllum s.l. L. | Wild thyme, leaves | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Tragopogon pratensis L. | Goat's beard, aerial parts (including flower buds) | + | + | + | + | ||||||||||||||||
Urospermum spp. | Sheep's beard, whorls | + | + | ||||||||||||||||||
Urtica dioica
L.
|
Nettle, leaves (10)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | Bilberry, fruits | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||||
Valerianella
spp.
|
Corn salad, whorls (11)
| + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||||||||||
Viola odorata L. | Violet, leaves | + | + | + | + |