Background
Methods
Survey
Assessment of migraine and PM
Assessment of insomnia
Assessment of anxiety and depression
Analyses
Results
Survey
Survey participants | Total population |
P-value
| Migraine | Probable migraine | Insomnia | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N, % (95 % CI) | N, % (95 % CI) | N, % (95 % CI) | ||
Gender | ||||||
Men | 1345 (49.3) | 17,584,365 (50.6) |
0.854
a
| 36, 2.7 (1.8–3.5) | 136, 10.1 (8.5–11.8) | 33, 2.5 (1.6–3.3) |
Women | 1350 (50.7) | 17,198,350 (49.4) | 107, 7.9 (6.5–9.4) | 243, 17.9 (15.8–19.9) | 83, 4.7 (3.5–5.8) | |
Age | ||||||
19–29 | 542 (20.5) | 7,717,947 (22.2) |
0.917
a
| 25, 4.5 (2.7–6.2) | 69, 12.6 (9.8–15.4) | 14, 2.6 (1.2–3.9) |
30–39 | 604 (21.9) | 8,349,487 (24.0) | 42, 7.0 (4.9–9.1) | 102, 16.8 (13.7–19.8) | 19, 3.1 (1.7–4.5) | |
40–49 | 611 (23.1) | 8,613,110 (24.8) | 39, 6.5 (4.5–8.4) | 102, 16.8 (13.9–19.8) | 21, 3.4 (2.0–4.9) | |
50–59 | 529 (18.9) | 6,167,505 (17.7) | 22, 4.1 (2.4–5.9) | 62, 11.6 (8.8–14.4) | 23, 4.3 (2.6–6.1) | |
60–69 | 409 (15.6) | 3,934,666 (11.3) | 15, 3.9 (2.0–5.7) | 44, 11.2 (8.1–14.2) | 19, 4.6 (2.6–6.7) | |
Size of residential area | ||||||
Large city | 1248 (46.3) | 16,776,771 (48.2) |
0.921
a
| 76, 6.1 (4.8–7.5) | 180, 14.4 (12.4–16.3) | 47, 3.8 (2.7–4.8) |
Medium-to-small city | 1186 (44.0) | 15,164,345 (43.6) | 48, 4.0 (2.9–5.2) | 174, 14.7 (12.7–16.7) | 41, 3.8 (2.4–4.5) | |
Rural area | 261 (9.7) | 2,841,599 (8.2) | 19, 7.4 (4.2–10.6) | 25, 9.7 (6.1–13.3) | 8, 3.1 (1.0–5.2) | |
Education level | ||||||
Middle school or less | 393 (14.9) | 6,608,716 (19.0) |
0.752
a
| 22, 5.5 (4.2–7.7) | 44, 11.5 (8.4–14.7) | 23, 5.9 (3.5–8.2) |
High school | 1208 (44.5) | 15,234,829 (43.8) | 60, 5.0 (3.8–6.3) | 178, 14.7 (12.7–16.7) | 40, 3.3 (2.3–4.3) | |
College or more | 1068 (39.6) | 12,939,170 (37.2) | 60, 5.6 (4.3–7.0) | 155, 14.4 (12.3–16.5) | 32, 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | |
Not responded | 26 (1.0) | 1, 3.8 (0.0–11.8) | 2, 7.7 (0.0–18.7) | 1, 3.8 (0.0–11.8) | ||
Total | 2695 (100.0) | 34,782,715 (100.0) | 143, 5.3 (4.5–6.2) | 379, 14.1 (12.7–15.4) | 96, 3.6 (2.9–4.3) |
Prevalence of migraine, PM and insomnia
Prevalence and severity of insomnia among subjects with migraine and PM
Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with migraine and PM according to the presence of insomnia
Migraine | PM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insomnia (+), N = 13 | Insomnia (−), N = 130 |
p
| Insomnia, N = 31 | Insomnia, N = 348 |
p
| |
Age, years | 43.3 ± 16.3 | 41.0 ± 12.0 |
0.653
a
| 45.0 ± 13.2 | 41.6 ± 12.5 |
0.151
|
Female, n (%) | 10 (76.9 %) | 97 (74.6 %) |
0.855
| 21 (67.7 %) | 222 (63.8 %) |
0.702
|
Size of residential area |
0.857
|
0.382
| ||||
Large city, n (%) | 7 (53.8 %) | 69 (53.1 %) | 14 (45.2 %) | 166 (47.7 %) | ||
Medium-to-small city, n (%) | 5 (38.5 %) | 43 (33.1 %) | 13 (41.9 %) | 161 (46.3 %) | ||
Rural city, n (%) | 1 (7.7 %) | 18 (13.8 %) | 4 (12.9 %) | 21 (6.0 %) | ||
Education level |
0.081
|
0.886
| ||||
Middle school or less, n (%) | 6 (46.2 %) | 16 (12.3 %) | 3 (9.7 %) | 4 (11.8 %) | ||
High school, n (%) | 3 (23.1 %) | 57 (43.8 %) | 16 (51.6 %) | 162 (46.6 %) | ||
College or more, n (%) | 4 (30.8) | 56 (43.1 %) | 12 (38.7 %) | 143 (41.1 %) | ||
No answer, n (%) | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (0.8 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 2 (0.6 %) | ||
GAS score | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 3.3 ± 2.3 |
<0.001
a
| 6.6 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 2.1 |
<0.001
|
PHQ-9 score | 12.3 ± 6.4 | 4.0 ± 4.2 |
<0.001
a
| 12.3 ± 6.7 | 2.8 ± 3.1 |
<0.001
|
Headache characteristics of migraine and PM according to the presence of insomnia
Migraine | PM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insomnia (+), N = 13 | Insomnia (−), N = 130 |
p
| Insomnia (+), N = 31 | Insomnia (−), N = 348 |
p
| |
Median (25–75 %) | Median (25–75 %) | Median (25–75 %) | Median (25–75 %) | |||
Headache frequencya (per 1 month) | 4.0 (2.0–11.0) | 1.0 (0.3–4.0) |
0.004
| 2.0 (0.4–4.0) | 1.0 (0.3–2.0) |
0.004
|
VAS score for headache intensitya
| 7.0 (5.5–8.5) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) |
0.076
| 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) |
<0.001
|
HIT-6 scorea
| 65.0 (59.5–71.5) | 52.0 (47.0–60.0) |
<0.001
| 54.0 (48.0–62.0) | 45.5 (42.0–52.0) |
<0.001
|
Multiple linear regression analyses for contributing factors for ISI score in subjects with PM
Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | t |
P
| Tolerance | VIF | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Standard error | Beta | |||||
PHQ-9 score | 0.695 | 0.054 | 0.530 | 12.876 | <0.001 | 0.643 | 1.556 |
GAS score | 0.654 | 0.103 | 0.268 | 6.316 | <0.001 | 0.607 | 1.646 |
Headache frequency | 0.124 | 0.035 | 0.119 | 3.537 | <0.001 | 0.956 | 1.046 |
VAS score for headache intensity | 0.249 | 0.111 | 0.076 | 2.240 | 0.026 | 0.940 | 1.063 |