Background
Methods
Study population
Data sources
Variables of interest
Analyses
Results
Characteristics | Māori (N = 1283) | Pacific (N = 898) | Non-Māori Non-Pacific (N = 11,489) | p-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | ||
Age | Mean (SD) | 54.8 (11.9) | 54.1 (12.7) | 59.6 (14.0) | <0.0001 | ||||
Median (IQR) | 54.0 (16.0) | 53.0 (18.0) | 58.0 (20.0) | ||||||
NZDep 2006 | |||||||||
1–2 | % | 5.0 |
4.7
| 4.5 |
4.1
| 23.4 |
24.2
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
|
3–4 | % | 8.3 |
8.7
| 5.1 |
6.4
| 18.4 |
20.4
| ||
5–6 | % | 15.0 |
16.2
| 10.1 |
12.8
| 21.0 |
23.0
| ||
7–8 | % | 23.7 |
25.3
| 20.5 |
23.3
| 17.8 |
19.0
| ||
9–10 | % | 44.4 |
45.1
| 52.3 |
53.5
| 13.2 |
13.5
| ||
Missing/unknown | % |
3.7
|
7.5
|
6.2
| |||||
Area of residence | |||||||||
Urban | % | 73.0 |
78.3
| 85.4 |
94.9
| 78.3 |
86.4
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
|
Rural | % | 20.1 |
21.7
| 2.7 |
5.1
| 12.0 |
13.6
| ||
Missing/unknown | % |
6.9
|
11.9
|
9.7
| |||||
Register | |||||||||
Auckland | % | 63.6 |
62.7
| 93.5 |
92.5
| 77.7 |
77.9
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
Waikato | % | 36.4 |
37.4
| 6.5 |
7.5
| 22.3 |
22.1
| ||
Screen-detected | % | 36.1 |
35.0
| 31.0 |
29.9
| 39.3 |
39.5
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
<45 years old | % | 2.4 |
2.8
| 0.5 |
0.9
| 8.2 |
8.1
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
45-69 years old | % | 49.7 |
49.2
| 47.0 |
47.2
| 54.9 |
55.0
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
70+ years old | % | 9.5 |
5.2
| 7.3 |
3.6
| 15.5 |
15.9
| 0.01 |
<0.0001
a
|
Stage at diagnosis | |||||||||
I | % | 34.8 |
34.9
| 25.6 |
25.7
| 43.6 |
43.6
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
II | % | 39.8 |
40.3
| 40.5 |
41.0
| 38.4 |
38.4
| ||
III | % | 17.9 |
17.3
| 23.2 |
22.4
| 13.9 |
14.1
| ||
IV | % | 7.3 |
7.55
| 10.6 |
10.9
| 3.9 |
3.9
| ||
Missing/unknown | % |
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.2
| |||||
Grade | |||||||||
I | % | 20.6 |
21.8
| 15.7 |
17.2
| 24.1 |
24.7
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
II | % | 46.7 |
51.1
| 42.8 |
47.9
| 44.0 |
46.9
| ||
III | % | 26.9 |
27.1
| 35.0 |
34.9
| 26.8 |
28.4
| ||
Missing/unknown | % |
5.8
|
6.6
|
5.1
| |||||
Histology | |||||||||
Ductal | % | 83.6 |
82.8
| 83.9 |
83.0
| 78.8 |
79.5
| <0.0001 |
0.2
a
|
Lobular | % | 7.8 |
8.9
| 6.5 |
7.9
| 12.1 |
12.5
| ||
Other | % | 7.9 |
8.3
| 8.6 |
9.1
| 8.0 |
8.0
| ||
Missing/unknown | % |
0.8
|
1.1
|
1.1
| |||||
Hormone receptor status | |||||||||
ER+/PR+ | % | 67.7 |
67.8
| 65.6 |
65.8
| 63.2 |
63.9
| <0.0001 |
0.03
a
|
ER+/PR- | % | 11.9 |
14.0
| 8.1 |
11.5
| 14.8 |
15.9
| ||
ER−/PR+ | % | 1.4 |
2.3
| 1.3 |
2.5
| 1.4 |
2.2
| ||
ER−/PR- | % | 16.3 |
15.9
| 20.7 |
20.2
| 17.8 |
18.1
| ||
Missing/unknown | % |
2.7
|
4.2
|
2.8
| |||||
HER-2 | |||||||||
Positive | % | 16.1 |
16.2
| 20.8 |
21.3
| 11.8 |
13.6
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
Equivocal | % | 1.8 |
13.6
| 1.0 |
15.3
| 1.7 |
13.2
| ||
Negative | % | 65.6 |
70.3
| 56.4 |
63.4
| 64.0 |
73.3
| ||
Missing/unknown | % |
16.5
|
21.8
|
22.5
| |||||
C3 index scores | |||||||||
0 | % | 69.8 |
65.6
| 72.4 |
67.5
| 79.5 |
80.3
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
1 | % | 9.6 |
10.3
| 8.4 |
9.2
| 7.9 |
7.7
| ||
2 | % | 8.6 |
24.1
| 7.8 |
23.3
| 5.3 |
11.9
| ||
Treatment facility type | |||||||||
Public | % | 83.8 |
86.6
| 84.2 |
87.3
| 53.2 |
52.6
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
a
|
Private | % | 16.2 |
13.4
| 15.8 |
12.7
| 46.8 |
47.4
| ||
Time to first treatment (days)b | Mean (SD) | 41.2 (54.9) |
41.5
| 62.5 (154.6) |
62.1
| 30.4 (54.9) |
30.3
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
c
|
Median (IQR) | 33.0 (25.0) | 34.0 (30.0) | 23.0 (23.0) | ||||||
Loco-regional therapy | |||||||||
Breast conserving surgery + radiotherapy | % | 37.4 |
38.2
| 27.2 |
32.1
| 42.7 |
42.2
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
c
|
Breast conserving surgery alone | % | 7.4 |
8.1
| 6.4 |
8.0
| 9.1 |
8.9
| ||
Mastectomy + radiotherapy | % | 20.8 |
17.6
| 23.5 |
16.4
| 16.4 |
17.3
| ||
Mastectomy alone | % | 25.9 |
27.7
| 28.6 |
31.1
| 25.7 |
25.3
| ||
No primary surgery | % | 8.5 |
8.4
| 14.4 |
12.4
| 6.1 |
6.3
| ||
Systemic therapy | |||||||||
Chemotherapy + hormonal/biological treatment | % | 27.5 |
20.9
| 26.8 |
16.8
| 22.3 |
23.8
| <0.0001 |
<0.0001
c
|
Chemotherapy alone | % | 10.9 |
10.7
| 9.0 |
6.3
| 9.6 |
9.9
| ||
Hormonal/biological treatment alone | % | 39.7 |
42.6
| 38.9 |
44.8
| 40.6 |
39.8
| ||
None | % | 21.9 |
25.92
| 25.3 |
32.1
| 27.5 |
26.5
|
Models | Additional variables in the model | Hazard ratios (95% CI) | % attenuationa (95% CIb) |
---|---|---|---|
Māori vs. non-Māori non-Pacific | |||
1. Age and year of diagnosis adjusted | 1.76 (1.51, 2.04) | ||
2. Model 1 + Tumour biology | Grade | 1.73 (1.49, 2.01) | |
Histology | 1.73 (1.49, 2.02) | ||
Hormone receptor status | 1.82 (1.56, 2.13) | −6.5 (−18.3, 2.3) | |
3. Model 2 + Area of residence | NZDep2006 | 1.70 (1.45, 1.99) | |
Rurality | 1.69 (1.44, 1.98) | ||
Registries | 1.67 (1.42, 1.96) | 9.2 (−3.7, 22.6) | |
4. Model 3 + Mode of diagnosis | Screen detected | 1.58 (1.35, 1.85) | 18.7 (5.7, 33.7) |
5. Model 4 + Tumour stage at diagnosis | Stage | 1.26 (1.07, 1.49) | 58.8 (33.9, 83.1) |
6. Model 5 + Comorbidity | C3 index scores | 1.27 (1.07, 1.49) | 58.2 (32.6, 82.0) |
7. Model 6 + Treatment facility type | Public vs. private | 1.21 (1.02, 1.43) | 66.5 (44.0, 97.6) |
8. Model 7 + Treatment factors | Time to first treatment | 1.21 (1.02, 1.43) | |
Loco-regional therapy | 1.14 (0.95, 1.36) | ||
Systemic therapy | 1.15 (0.97, 1.37) | 74.9 (51.2, 110.0) | |
Pacific vs. non-Māori non-Pacific | |||
1. Age and year of diagnosis adjusted | 1.97 (1.67, 2.32) | ||
2. Model 1 + Tumour biology | Grade | 1.78 (1.50, 2.10) | |
Histology | 1.78 (1.50, 2.11) | 8.9 (−0.6, 18.2) | |
Hormone receptor status | 1.85 (1.56, 2.20) | ||
3. Model 2 + Area of residence | NZDep2006 | 1.70 (1.42, 2.03) | |
Rurality | 1.71 (1.43, 2.05) | ||
Registries | 1.78 (1.48, 2.13) | 15.0 (0.2, 30.2) | |
4. Model 3 + Mode of diagnosis | Screen detected | 1.66 (1.38, 1.99) | 25.0 (10.4, 42.1) |
5. Model 4 + Tumour stage at diagnosis | Stage | 1.19 (0.98, 1.44) | 74.3 (55.8, 106.8) |
6. Model 5 + Comorbidity | C3 index scores | 1.19 (0.98, 1.44) | 74.5 (55.8, 106.8) |
7. Model 6 + Treatment facility type | Public vs. private | 1.11 (0.92, 1.35) | 84.0 (62.9, 117.6) |
8. Model 7 + Treatment factors | Time to first treatment | 1.12 (0.92, 1.36) | |
Loco-regional therapy | 1.04 (0.85, 1.27) | ||
Systemic therapy | 1.01 (0.82, 1.23) | 98.9 (74.1, 137.6) |