Background
Methods
Study settings and population
Sample size and sampling procedures
Data collection and quality control
Data management and analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents
Variable | Number | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 229 | 55.2 |
Female | 186 | 44.8 | |
Age | 18-24 | 130 | 31.3 |
25-34 | 177 | 42.7 | |
35-44 | 68 | 16.4 | |
45+ | 40 | 9.6 | |
Marital status | Single | 255 | 61.4 |
Married | 146 | 35.2 | |
Divorced/Widowed | 14 | 3.4 | |
Residence | Urban | 351 | 84.6 |
Rural | 64 | 15.4 | |
Religion | Orthodox | 278 | 67.0 |
Muslim | 84 | 20.2 | |
Protestant | 47 | 11.3 | |
All others | 6 | 1.4 | |
Ethnicity | Amhara | 158 | 38.1 |
Oromo | 121 | 29.2 | |
Gurage | 93 | 22.4 | |
Tigre | 26 | 6.3 | |
Others | 17 | 4.1 | |
Educational status | Unable to write and read | 35 | 8.4 |
Primary school | 151 | 36.4 | |
Secondary school | 156 | 37.6 | |
Diploma and above | 73 | 17.6 | |
Occupation | With Job | 324 | 78.1 |
Without Job | 91 | 21.9 | |
Monthly income (ETB) | <200 | 117 | 28.2 |
200-500 | 110 | 26.5 | |
501-1000 | 103 | 24.8 | |
>1000 | 85 | 20.5 |
Clinical characteristics of the respondents
Variable name | Frequency | Percent | |
---|---|---|---|
Duration of illness | ≤5 years | 146 | 35.2 |
6-10years | 127 | 30.6 | |
≥11 years | 142 | 34.2 | |
Age at onset of illness | <10 years | 53 | 12.8 |
10-19 years | 161 | 38.8 | |
20-29 years | 147 | 35.4 | |
≥30 years | 54 | 13.0 | |
Frequency of seizure | ≥1/month | 229 | 54.9 |
1-3/year | 58 | 14.0 | |
Seizure free for 1 year | 129 | 31.1 | |
Type of drugs | One | 257 | 61.9 |
≥two | 158 | 38.1 | |
Side effects of Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) | Yes | 197 | 47.5 |
No | 218 | 52.5 | |
Medication duration | ≤5 years | 232 | 55.9 |
6-10 years | 79 | 19.0 | |
≥11 years | 104 | 25.1 | |
Perceived stigma | Yes | 169 | 40.7 |
No | 246 | 59.3 | |
Ever use substance | Yes | 53 | 12.8 |
No | 362 | 87.2 | |
current use substance | Yes | 29 | 7.0 |
No | 386 | 93.0 |
Prevalence of depression and anxiety among epileptic patients
Factors associated with co-morbid anxiety and depression
Variable | Anxiety | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | COR(95 % CI) | AOR(95 % CI) | ||
Marital status | Married | 41 | 105 | 1 | 1 |
Single | 88 | 167 | 1.39(0.86,2.10) | 1.22(0.75,1.96) | |
Divorced/widowed | 10 | 4 | 6.40(1.90,21.56) | 6.27(1.69,23.16)** | |
Education | Unable to read &write | 19 | 16 | 2.58(1.12,5.91)* | 1.08(0.38,3.06) |
primary school | 47 | 104 | 0.98(0.53,1.79)* | 0.54(0.25,1.16) | |
Secondary school | 50 | 106 | 1.02(0.56,1.86) | 0.65(0.32,1.33) | |
Diploma &above | 23 | 50 | 1 | 1 | |
Occupation | With Job | 97 | 227 | 1 | 1 |
Without Job | 42 | 49 | 2.00(1.24,3.22)* | 1.14(0.61,2.14) | |
Monthly income | <200 | 55 | 62 | 3.82(1.98,7.35)* | 3.01(1.52,5.96)** |
200-500 | 42 | 68 | 2.66(1.36,5.18)* | 2.24(1.11,4.49)** | |
501-1000 | 26 | 77 | 1.45(0.72,2.93)* | 1.44(0.68,3.04) | |
>1000 | 16 | 69 | 1 | 1 | |
Frequency of attack | ≥1/month | 96 | 132 | 2.88(1.74,4.77)* | 2.21(1.28,3.79)** |
1-3/year | 17 | 41 | 1.64(0.80,3.34)* | 1.41(0.67,2.99) | |
Seizure free/year | 26 | 103 | 1 | 1 | |
Type of drugs | One | 66 | 191 | 1 | 1 |
≥ two | 73 | 85 | 2.48(1.63,3.78)* | 1.49(0.91,2.46) | |
Side effects of AED | Yes | 92 | 105 | 3.18(2.07,4.88)* | 2.51(1.60,3.94)** |
No | 47 | 171 | 1 | 1 | |
Perceived stigma | Yes | 75 | 94 | 2.26(1.49,3.44)* | 1.38(0.86,2.20) |
No | 64 | 182 | 1 | 1 |
Variable | Depression | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | COR(95 % CI) | AOR(95 % CI) | ||
Age | 18-24 | 30 | 100 | 0.79(0.35,1.76) | 0.75(0.25,2.17) |
25-34 | 66 | 111 | 1.56(0.73,3.34) | 2.29(0.83,6.31) | |
35-44 | 29 | 39 | 1.96(0.84,4.56) | 2.29(0.76,6.87) | |
45+ | 11 | 29 | 1 | 1 | |
Education | Unable to read &write | 21 | 14 | 6.92(2.80,17.09)* | 4.36(1.33,14.21)** |
primary school | 48 | 103 | 2.15(1.07,4.29)* | 1.44(0.61,3.40) | |
Secondary school | 54 | 102 | 2.44(1.23,4.84) | 2.52(0.90,5.81) | |
Diploma &above | 13 | 60 | 1 | 1 | |
Occupation | With Job | 93 | 231 | 1 | 1 |
Without Job | 43 | 48 | 2.22(1.38,3.58)* | 1.25(0.62,2.54) | |
Monthly income | <200 | 52 | 65 | 5.38(2.59,11.17)* | 4.14(1.67,10.25)** |
200-500 | 44 | 66 | 4.48(2.14,9.39)* | 4.17(1.69,10.24)** | |
501-1000 | 29 | 74 | 2.63(1.22,5.66)* | 3.34(1.37,8.10)** | |
>1000 | 11 | 74 | 1 | 1 | |
Frequency of attack | ≥1/month | 104 | 124 | 5.92(3.30,10.63)* | 3.55(1.82,6.93)** |
1-3/year | 16 | 42 | 2.69(1.23,5.85)* | 1.83(0.76,4.41) | |
Seizure free/year | 16 | 113 | 1 | 1 | |
Type of drugs | One | 57 | 200 | 1 | 1 |
≥ two | 79 | 79 | 3.50(2.28,5.38)* | 1.85(1.08,3.17)** | |
Side effects of AED | Yes | 97 | 100 | 4.45(2.85,6.94)* | 3.07(1.80,5.21)** |
No | 39 | 179 | 1 | 1 | |
Perceived stigma | Yes | 78 | 91 | 2.77(1.82,4.23)* | 1.77(1.07,2.93)** |
No | 58 | 188 | 1 | 1 |