Background
Methods
Study population
The samples
Detection and Genotyping of HPV
Cytology
Data analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Total (n = 542) | |
---|---|
Age, years | |
Mean (SD) | 35.9 (11.5) |
Median | 34.5 |
Participants per district, n (%) | |
Oberland | 205 (37.8) |
Unterland | 213 (39.3) |
IBK | 68 (12.5) |
IL and others | 55 (10.1) |
BMI, kg/m2 | |
Mean (SD) | 23.4 (4.0) |
Smoking status, n (%) | |
Current smoker | 175 (32.3) |
Non-smokers | 364 (67.1) |
Life time sexual Partners, n (%) | |
≤ 5 | 340 (62.7) |
6–10 | 95 (17.5) |
≥ 11 | 41 (7.6) |
HPV vaccinated, n (%) | |
At least one vaccine | 20 (3.7) |
Reasons for not being vaccinated, n (%) | |
Did not know | 201 (37.1) |
Expensive | 42 (7.8) |
Fear of side effect | 78 (14.4) |
Other reasons | 155 (28.6) |
No response | 86 (15.9) |
If vaccine available for free, n (%) | |
Will get vaccinated | 179 (33) |
Will not get vaccinated | 72 (13.3) |
Do not know | 233 (43) |
No response | 58 (10.7) |
HPV immunization
HPV prevalence
Variables | Variable categories | Any HPV type | HrHPVb |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 111) | (n = 73) | ||
OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | ||
Age | <30 years | 1 | 1 |
≥30 years | 0.38 (0.25–0.60)* | 0.34 (0.21–0.57)* | |
Marital status | Married/Partnershaft | 1 | 1 |
Single/divorced | 1.87 (1.17–2.99)*,e | 1.16 (0.66–2.10) | |
Educational status | Basic schooling | 1 | 1 |
High school and more | 0.81 (0.53–1.25) | 0.83 (0.50–1.37) | |
Districts | Oberlandc | 1 | 1 |
Unterlandd | 1.76 (1.06–2.92)* | 1.57 (0.88–2.79) | |
Smoking | non-smoker | 1 | 1 |
smoker | 4.10 (2.6–6.41)* | 3.16 (1.89–5.26)* | |
BMI | <25 | 1 | 1 |
≥25 | 0.55 (0.32–0.95)* | 0.64 (0.34–1.19) | |
Age at first sexual contact | <16 years | 1 | 1 |
≥16 years | 0.44 (0.27–0.72)* | 0.61 (0.35–1.08) | |
LSP | <6 | 1 | 1 |
≥6 | 2.40 (1.39–3.62)* | 1.95 (1.13–3.36)* |
Women ≥30 years | Women < 30 years | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Variable categories | Any HPV type | HrHPVb | Any HPV type | HrHPVb |
(n = 49) | (n = 31) | (n = 55) | (n = 41) | ||
OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI)a | OR (95 % CI) | ||
Marital status | Married/Partnershaft | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Single/divorced | 1.89 (0.87–4.14) | 1.28 (0.49–3.32) | 1.29 (0.58–2.85) | 0.82 (0.35–1.93) | |
Educational status | Basic schooling | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High school and more | 0.96 (0.47–1.97) | 1.60 (0.67–3.82) | 0.52 (0.24–1.17) | 0.39 (0.17–0.94)* | |
Districts | Oberlandc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Unterlandd | 2.43 (1.06–5.60)* | 2.66 (0.98–7.24)e | 0.79 (0.32–1.96) | 0.98 (0.38–2.50) | |
Smoking | non-smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
smoker | 2.64 (1.30–5.37)* | 2.09 (0.90–4.84) | 3.34 (1.53–7.29)* | 3.07 (1.33–7.09)* | |
BMI | <25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥25 | 0.39 (0.16–0.96)* | 0.38 (0.13–1.17) | 1.30 (0.51–3.30) | 1.98 (0.84–4.67) | |
Age at first sexual contact | <16 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥16 years | 1.06 (0.37–3.00) | 2.43 (0.51–11.5) | 0.88 (0.40–1.94) | 1.18 (0.50–2.77) | |
LSP | <6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥6 | 2.23 (1.06–4.68)* | 2.11 (0.88–5.06) | 0.86 (0.39–1.88) | 0.98 (0.43–2.71) |
Cytology
PAP positive | PAP negative | |
---|---|---|
(PAP III+) (n = 21) | (PAP I-II) (n = 363) | |
Age, years | 32.6 (8.1) | 35.9 (11.5) |
Mean (SD) | ||
Age at firts sexual contact, years | 16.8 (2.8) | 16.8 (2.4) |
Mean (SD) | ||
BMI, Mean (SD) | 22.5 (3.3) | 23.4 (4.0) |
Current smoker, n (%) | 14 (66.7) | 117 (32.5)* |
HPV positive, n (%) | 19 (90.5) | 75 (20.7)* |
Multiple HPV infection, n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 33 (9.1)* |
Nonavalent type HrHPV, n (%)a | 15 (71.4) | 48 (13.2)* |
HPV 16, n (%) | 9 (45) | 20 (5.8)* |
HPV 18, n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (1.1)* |
HPV 31, n (%) | 1 (4.8) | 13 (3.6) |
HPV 33, n (%) | 1 (4.8) | 14 (3.9) |