Background
Method
Study setting
Study design and participants
Data processing and analysis
Women’s life stages of reproduction | Sexually active (married and unmarried) women aged 13–49 who at the time of the interview: | N | % (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
(N = 2128) | |||
Delayers of first birth (“delayers”) | • Were nulliparous (including women who reported previous pregnancy but no live birth), not currently pregnant, and their preference was to delay their first birth for at least two years or more | 83 | 4 (3–5) |
Spacers of subsequent pregnancies (“spacers”) | • Had started child bearing (including current pregnant women) and desired to wait at least for two years or more before having another child | 790 | 37 (35–40) |
Limiters of future birth (“limiters”) | • Had reached their desired family size (including current pregnant women) and did not desire any subsequent children | 409 | 19 (17–21) |
Desire child soon | • Have started childbearing, had at least one child and at the time of interview wanted a child within two years | 675 | 32 (30–34) |
• Have never had a child and at the time of interview they were not pregnant and wanted child within two years | 108 | 5 (4–6) | |
Infecund | • Self-reported that cannot get pregnant or married for the past five years and never been pregnant, never used contraceptives, currently not pregnant and currently not using contraceptives | 63 | 3 (2–4) |
Results
Study population
Background characteristics | All women 13–49 years (N = 3578) | Sexually active (married and unmarried) women 13–49 years included in the analysis (N = 2128) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
Age groups (yrs) | ||||
13–14 | 205 | 6 (5–7) | 10 | <1 (0–1) |
15–19 | 529 | 15 (14–16) | 182 | 9 (7–10) |
20–24 | 491 | 14 (12–15) | 297 | 14 (12–16) |
25–29 | 466 | 13 (12–14) | 312 | 15 (13–17) |
30–34 | 527 | 15 (13–16) | 355 | 17 (15–18) |
35–39 | 519 | 15 (13–16) | 344 | 16 (15–18) |
40–44 | 504 | 14 (13–15) | 361 | 17 (16–19) |
45–49 | 337 | 9 (8–11) | 267 | 13 (11–14) |
Median age | ||||
Median | 3578 | 30 (IQR 21–39) | 2128 | 33 (IQR 25–41) |
Marital status | ||||
Currently married | 2344 | 66 (64–67) | 1713 | 80 (79–82) |
Cohabiting | 82 | 2 (2–3) | 59 | 3 (2–4) |
Divorced/separated | 439 | 12 (11–13) | 212 | 10 (9–11) |
Widow | 22 | 1 (0–1) | 4 | <1 (0–0) |
Single | 691 | 19 (18–21) | 140 | 7 (6–8) |
Education | ||||
No education | 463 | 13 (11–15) | 286 | 13 (12–16) |
Some primary | 474 | 13 (12–15) | 243 | 11 (10–13) |
Completed primary | 604 | 73 (70–75) | 1574 | 74 (72–77) |
Some secondary or higher | 30 | 1 (0–2) | 20 | 1 (0–2) |
Religion | ||||
Muslim | 3459 | 97 (95–98) | 2054 | 97 (95–98) |
Others | 119 | 3 (2–5) | 74 | 3 (2–5) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Makonde | 3338 | 93 (91–95) | 1965 | 92 (90–94) |
Others | 238 | 7 (5–9) | 162 | 8 (6–10) |
Household socio-economic status | ||||
Q1 (most poor) | 420 | 12 (10–13) | 306 | 10 (8–11) |
Q2 | 586 | 16 (15–18) | 334 | 16 (14–18) |
Q3 | 692 | 19 (18–21) | 414 | 19 (18–21) |
Q4 | 914 | 26 (23–28) | 5611 | 26 (24–29) |
Q5 (least poor) | 966 | 27 (24–30) | 613 | 29 (26–32) |
Parity | ||||
Mean parity | 3578 | 3 births (range 0–11) | 2128 | 3 births (range 0–11) |
Total | 3578 | 100 | 2128 | 59 |
Women’s life stages of reproduction
Characteristics of the delayers, spacers and limiters
Sexually active a (married and unmarried) women 13–49 years who are: (N = 2128) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Background Characteristics | Delayers (N = 83) | Spacers (N = 790) | Limiters (N = 409) | |||
n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
Age group (yrs) | ||||||
13–14 | 9 | 11 (6–18) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
15–19 | 59 | 71 (61–79) | 60 | 8 (6–10) | 0 | 0 |
20–24 | 10 | 12 (6–23) | 168 | 21 (18–25) | 11 | 3 (2–5) |
25–29 | 1 | 1 (0–8) | 157 | 20 (17–24) | 25 | 6 (4–9) |
30–34 | 3 | 4 (1–11) | 170 | 22 (18–25) | 41 | 10 (7–13) |
35–39 | 1 | 1 (0–8) | 121 | 15 (13–18) | 57 | 14 (11–18) |
40–44 | 0 | 0 | 73 | 9 (7–12) | 126 | 31 (27–35) |
45–49 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 5 (4–7) | 148 | 36 (31–42) |
Median age | ||||||
Median | 83 | 16 (IQR 15–18) | 790 | 30 (IQR 24–36) | 409 | 42 (IQR 37–46) |
Marital status | ||||||
Currently married | 9 | 11 (6–19) | 647 | 82 (79–85) | 354 | 87 (82–90) |
Cohabiting | 1 | 1 (0–8) | 23 | 3 (2–4) | 15 | 4 (2–7) |
Divorced/separated | 3 | 4 (1–10) | 90 | 11 (9–14) | 40 | 10 (7–13) |
Widow | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Single | 70 | 84 (77–90) | 30 | 4 (3–5) | 0 | 0 |
Education | ||||||
No education | 6 | 7 (3–15) | 99 | 13 (10–15) | 79 | 19 (15–24) |
Some primary | 5 | 6 (3–14) | 90 | 11 (9–14) | 54 | 14 (10–17) |
Completed primary | 72 | 87 (77–93) | 590 | 75 (71–78) | 272 | 67 (62–71) |
Some secondary or higher | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 (0–3) | 2 | <1 (0–2) |
Religion | ||||||
Muslim | 80 | 96 (89–99) | 768 | 97 (96–98) | 388 | 95 (92–97) |
Others | 3 | 4 (1–11) | 22 | 3 (2–4) | 21 | 5 (3–8) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Makonde | 78 | 94 (84–98) | 730 | 92 (89–95) | 376 | 92 (87–95) |
Others | 5 | 6 (2–16) | 60 | 8 (5–11) | 33 | 8 (5–16) |
Household socio-economic status | ||||||
Q1 (most poor) | 10 | 12 (7–20) | 85 | 11 (9–13) | 37 | 9 (6–13) |
Q2 | 18 | 22 (14–31) | 126 | 16 (13–19) | 58 | 14 (11–18) |
Q3 | 18 | 22 (14–31) | 144 | 18 (16–21) | 97 | 24 (19–29) |
Q4 | 20 | 24 (16–35) | 220 | 28 (24–32) | 107 | 26 (22–31) |
Q5 (least poor) | 17 | 20 (13–30) | 215 | 27 (24–31) | 110 | 27 (22–32) |
Parity | ||||||
Mean parity | 83 | n/a | 790 | 3 births (range 1–8) | 409 | 4 births (range 1–11) |
Total | 83 | 4 (3–5) | 790 | 41 (39–43) | 409 | 19 (18–21) |
Current use, unmet need and demand for modern contraceptives among delayers, spacers and limiters
Contraceptive Outcome | Delayers (N = 83) | Spacers (N = 790) | Limiters (N = 409) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
Current use of modern contraceptive | 49 | 59 (49–68) | 512 | 65 (62–68) | 218 | 53 (47–59) |
Unmet need for modern contraceptives | 34 | 41 (32–51) | 152 | 19 (17–22) | 167 | 41 (35–47) |
Demand for modern contraceptives | 83 | 100 | 664 | 84 (81–86) | 385 | 94 (91–96) |