Introduction
Background
Methods
Identification of human papillomaviruses in prostate tissues
Study | Country | Prostate cancer | Prostate control | Main HPV types | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
McNichol 1991 [12] | Canada | 14/27 52% | 1/5 20% normal 34/56 61% benign | 16,18 | 0.396 ns 0.690 ns | ||
Anwar 1992 [14] | Japan | 28/68 41% | 0/10 0% | 16,18,33 | 0.221 ns | ||
Ibrahim 1992 [15] | US | 6/40 15% | 2/29 7% | 16 | 0.344 ns | ||
Rotola 1992 [16] | Italy | 6/8 75% | 14/17 82% | 16 | 0.0.815 ns | ||
Dodd 1993 [17] | Canada | 3/7 43% | 5/10 50% | 16 | 0.0.841 ns | ||
Tu 1994 [18] | US | 1/43 | 0/1 | 16 | |||
Moyret-Lalle 1995 [19] | France | 9/17 53% | 7/22 32% | 16 | 0.682 ns | ||
Wideroff 1996 [20] | US | 7/56 13% | 4/42 10% | 16,18,31,33,45 | 0.654 ns | ||
Terris 1997 [21] | US | 10/53 19% | 5/37 14% normal 7/21 33% benign | 16 16 | 0.571 ns | ||
Serth 1999 [22] | Germany | 10/47 21% | 1/37 3% | 16 | 0.027 s | ||
Carozzi 2004 [23] | Italy | 6/24 25% | 3/25 12% | 16,18,31 | 0.333 ns | ||
Leiros 2005 [24] | Argentina | 15/41 37% | 0/30 0% | 16 | 0.011 s | ||
Silvestre 2009 [25] | Brazil | 2/65 3% | 0/6 0% | 16 | |||
Martinez-Fierro 2010 [26] | Mexico | 11/55 20% | 4/75 5% | 33,45,52,58,66 | 0.020 s | ||
Aghakhani 2011 [27] | Iran | 10/104 10% | 5/104 5% | 16,18 | 0.213 ns | ||
Chen 2011 [12] | Australia | 7/51 14% | 3/11 27% | 18 | 0.367 ns | ||
Tachezy 2012 [28] | Czech | 1/51 2% | 2/95 2% | ||||
Whitaker 2013 [29] | Australia | 29/50 58% | 8/50 16% | 18 | 0.003 s | ||
Ghasemian 2013 [30] | Iran | 5/29 17% | 8/167 5% | 0.026 s | |||
Mokhtari 2013 [31] | Iran | 3/30 10% | 1/90 1% | ||||
Michopoulou 2014 [32] | Greece | 8/50 16% | 1/30 3% | 16, 18, 31 | 0.127 ns | ||
Singh 2015 [33] | India | 36/95 38% | 4/55 7% | 16,18 | 0.001 s | ||
Huang 2016 [34] | China | 30/75 40% | 9/73 12% | 0.001 s | |||
Davila Rodriquez 2016 [35] | Mexico | 12/62 19% | 1/25 4% | 18,51,52 | 0.104 ns | ||
Atashafrooz 2016 [36] | Iran | 16/100 16% | 2/100 2% | 16,18,31,33,54 | 0.002 s | ||
Medel Flores 2018 [37] | Mexico | 37/189 20% | 16/167 10% | 16,18,31,33,52,58 | 0.014 s |
Strength and consistency of association between HPVs and prostate cancer
Case control studies
In situ PCR
Immunohistochemistry
Whole genome sequencing
Serology
Study | Country | Prostate cancer | Controls | Main HPV types | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dillner 1998 [52] | Finland | 21/165 13% | 36/290 12% | 16,18,33 | 0.865 ns |
Hisada 2000 [53] | US | 20/48 42% | 19/63 30% | 16 | 0.253 ns |
Hayes 2000 [54] | US | 19/276 7% | 15/295 5% | 16 | 0.393 ns |
Rosenblatt 2003 [55] | US | 81/642 13% | 64/570 11% | 16,18 | 0.347 ns |
Adami 2003 [56] | Sweden | 69/238 29% | 48/210 23% | 16,18,33 | 0.212 ns |
Korodi 2005 [57] | Sweden | 107/799 13% | 363/2596 14% | 16,18,33 | 0.482 ns |
Sutcliffe 2007 [58] | US | 107/584 18% | 114/577 20% | 16,18,33 | 0.696 ns |
Sitas 2007 [59] | South Africa | 139/205 68% | 390/673 58% | 16 | 0.001 s |
Huang 2008 [60] | US | 154/868 18% | 310/1283 24% | 16,18 | −0.002 s |
Dennis 2009 [61] | US | 50/267 19% | 45/267 17% | 0.637 ns | |
Sutcliffe 2010 [62] | US | 23/616 4% | 22/616 4% | 16,18,31 | 0.686 ns |
Chen 2011 [12] | Australia | 29/53 55% | 41/104 39% | 16,18,31,33,52,58 | 0.131 ns |
Hrbacek 2011 [63] | Czech | 167/316 53% | 69/101 68% | 16,18,31,33 | −0.161 ns |
Tachezy 2012 [28] | Czech | 14/50 28% | 37/173 22% | 16,18,31,33 | 0.445 ns |
Zhao 2017 [64] | China | 48/75 64% | 14/80 17.5% | 16 | 0.001 s |
Prospective studies
Transmission
Epidemiology
Country | Cervical cancer | Prostate cancer |
---|---|---|
South Korea | 1.9 | 4.5 |
China Hong Kong | 1.9 | 4.5 |
Japan | 2.0 | 4.8 |
Italy | 0.7 | 7.4 |
United States America | 1.7 | 8.4 |
France | 1.3 | 9.1 |
Germany | 1.8 | 11.3 |
Australia | 1.2 | 11.4 |
Brazil | 4.5 | 14.5 |
Chile | 4.6 | 15.2 |
South Africa | 12.2 | 18.3 |
Suriname | 12.4 | 19.6 |
Venezuela | 9.3 | 20.3 |
Cuba | 5.0 | 23.7 |
Barbados | 10.5 | 34.5 |
Trinidad Tobago | 8.5 | 37.8 |