Background
Methods
Design and study site
Participants
Data collection
Data analysis
Results
Frequency (Total 358) | Percentage (Total 100%) | |
---|---|---|
Agea | ||
18–25 | 61 | 17.1 |
26–30 | 135 | 37.9 |
31–35 | 113 | 31.7 |
36–40 | 37 | 10.4 |
> 40 | 10 | 2.8 |
Residence | ||
Ilala | 95 | 26.5 |
Kinondoni | 113 | 31.6 |
Ubungo | 68 | 19.0 |
Temeke | 42 | 11.7 |
Kigamboni | 28 | 7.8 |
Outside Dar es salaam | 12 | 3.4 |
Gravidity | ||
Prime Gravida | 94 | 26.3 |
G2 | 112 | 31.3 |
G3 | 82 | 22.9 |
G4 | 45 | 12.6 |
≥ G5 | 25 | 6.9 |
Number of GDM risk factors | ||
0 | 2 | 0.6 |
1 | 20 | 5.6 |
2 | 66 | 18.4 |
3 | 114 | 31.8 |
4 | 79 | 22.1 |
≥ 5 | 77 | 21.5 |
Number of previous ANC visits | ||
1 | 10 | 2.8 |
2 | 21 | 5.9 |
3 | 46 | 12.8 |
4 | 78 | 21.8 |
5 | 75 | 20.9 |
≥ 6 | 128 | 35.8 |
Gestational age | ||
30–31.9 | 66 | 18.4 |
32–34.9 | 103 | 28.8 |
35–37.9 | 114 | 31.9 |
38–40.9 | 70 | 19.5 |
≥ 41 | 5 | 1.39 |
Magnitude of screening for GDM
Tests used to screen for GDM
Prevalence of undiagnosed GDM
Factors associated with screening for GDM
Factor | Prevalence (%) | p-value |
---|---|---|
Educated > tertiary level | 71.8 | 0.926 |
Married | 82.4 | 0.880 |
Independent source of income | 79.6 | 0.270 |
Autonomy | 76.0 | 0.331 |
Medical insurance | 71.2 | 0.412 |
Personal vehicle | 27.9 | 0.179 |
Live in Ilala | 26.5 | 0.288 |
Having help with housework | 82.7 | 0.886 |
Partner ANC attendance | 64.8 | 0.045 |
Escorted by family member to ANC | 52.8 | 0.049 |
Awareness of GDM | 45.0 | < 0.001 |
Health worker communication | 27.7 | < 0.001 |
Risk factor | Prevalence (%) | p-value |
---|---|---|
Grand multiparity | 6.9 | 0.709 |
History of GDM | 1.1 | 0.094 |
History of PIH | 9.5 | 0.022 |
Hypertension detected in current pregnancy | 2.5 | 0.707 |
Pre-diabetic state | 2.0 | 0.325 |
Glycosuria | 3.6 | 0.002 |
BMI > 25 | 88.5 | 0.619 |
History of big baby | 12.6 | 0.023 |
LGA in current pregnancy | 4.5 | 0.903 |
Excessive weight gain | 65.9 | 0.281 |
Family history of DM | 29.6 | 0.671 |
Family history of HT | 43.6 | 0.123 |
History of multiple pregnancy | 3.7 | 0.479 |
History of hypertension | 4.5 | 0.662 |
History of pregnancy loss | 27.9 | 0.587 |
Characteristic | Screened for GDM | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes = 107 (N/%) | No = 251 (N/%) | |||
Glycosuria | ||||
Yes | 9 (8.4%) | 4 (1.6%) | 0.96 (0.880–1.053) | 0.401 |
No | 97 (90.7%) | 247 (98.4%) | ||
History of delivering big baby | ||||
Yes | 20 (18.7%) | 25 (10%) | 2.15 (1.127–4.101) | 0.020 |
No | 87 (81.3%) | 226 (90%) | ||
History of PIH | ||||
Yes | 16 (15%) | 18 (7.2%) | 2.34 (1.131–4.827) | 0.021 |
No | 91 (85%) | 233 (92.8%) | ||
Awareness of GDM | ||||
Yes | 67 (62.6%) | 94 (37.5%) | 2.79 (1.749–4.459) | < 0.001 |
No | 40 (37.4%) | 157 (62.5%) | ||
Partner attendance of ANC | ||||
Yes | 77 (72%) | 155 (61.8%) | 0.96 (0.902–1.038) | 0.360 |
No | 29 (27.1%) | 96 (38.2%) | ||
Family member attendance of ANC | ||||
Yes | 65 (60.7%) | 124 (49.4%) | 1.57 (0.993–2.504) | 0.053 |
No | 42 (39.3%) | 127 (50.6%) | ||
Health worker communication about GDM tests | ||||
Yes | 91 (85%) | 8 (3.2%) | 1.03 (0.996–1.068) | 0.087 |
No | 15 (14%) | 219 (87.3%) |