Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 2/2014

01.07.2014

Mammary Gland Involution as an Immunotherapeutic Target for Postpartum Breast Cancer

verfasst von: Jaime Fornetti, Holly A. Martinson, Courtney B. Betts, Traci R. Lyons, Sonali Jindal, Qiuchen Guo, Lisa M. Coussens, Virginia F. Borges, Pepper Schedin

Erschienen in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia | Ausgabe 2/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Postpartum mammary gland involution has been identified as tumor-promotional and is proposed to contribute to the increased rates of metastasis and poor survival observed in postpartum breast cancer patients. In rodent models, the involuting mammary gland microenvironment is sufficient to induce enhanced tumor cell growth, local invasion, and metastasis. Postpartum involution shares many attributes with wound healing, including upregulation of genes involved in immune responsiveness and infiltration of tissue by immune cells. In rodent models, treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ameliorates the tumor-promotional effects of involution, consistent with the immune milieu of the involuting gland contributing to tumor promotion. Currently, immunotherapy is being investigated as a means of breast cancer treatment with the purpose of identifying ways to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Here we review evidence for postpartum mammary gland involution being a uniquely defined ‘hot-spot’ of pro-tumorigenic immune cell infiltration, and propose that immunotherapy should be explored for prevention and treatment of breast cancers that arise in this environment.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasmono RT, Oceandy D, Pollard JW, Tong W, Pavli P, Wainwright BJ, et al. A macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor-green fluorescent protein transgene is expressed throughout the mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse. Blood. 2003;101(3):1155–63. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-02-0569.PubMed Sasmono RT, Oceandy D, Pollard JW, Tong W, Pavli P, Wainwright BJ, et al. A macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor-green fluorescent protein transgene is expressed throughout the mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse. Blood. 2003;101(3):1155–63. doi:10.​1182/​blood-2002-02-0569.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Gouon-Evans V, Rothenberg ME, Pollard JW. Postnatal mammary gland development requires macrophages and eosinophils. Development. 2000;127(11):2269–82.PubMed Gouon-Evans V, Rothenberg ME, Pollard JW. Postnatal mammary gland development requires macrophages and eosinophils. Development. 2000;127(11):2269–82.PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Nguyen A, Pollard JW. Colony stimulating factor-1 is required to recruit macrophages into the mammary gland to facilitate mammary ductal outgrowth. Dev Biol. 2002;247(1):11–25. doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0669.PubMed Van Nguyen A, Pollard JW. Colony stimulating factor-1 is required to recruit macrophages into the mammary gland to facilitate mammary ductal outgrowth. Dev Biol. 2002;247(1):11–25. doi:10.​1006/​dbio.​2002.​0669.PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Chua AC, Hodson LJ, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA, Ingman WV. Dual roles for macrophages in ovarian cycle-associated development and remodelling of the mammary gland epithelium. Development. 2010;137(24):4229–38. doi:10.1242/dev.059261.PubMed Chua AC, Hodson LJ, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA, Ingman WV. Dual roles for macrophages in ovarian cycle-associated development and remodelling of the mammary gland epithelium. Development. 2010;137(24):4229–38. doi:10.​1242/​dev.​059261.PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Hodson LJ, Chua AC, Evdokiou A, Robertson SA, Ingman WV. Macrophage phenotype in the mammary gland fluctuates over the course of the estrous cycle and is regulated by ovarian steroid hormones. Biol Reprod. 2013;89(3):6. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.113.109561. Hodson LJ, Chua AC, Evdokiou A, Robertson SA, Ingman WV. Macrophage phenotype in the mammary gland fluctuates over the course of the estrous cycle and is regulated by ovarian steroid hormones. Biol Reprod. 2013;89(3):6. doi:10.​1095/​biolreprod.​113.​109561.
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollard JW, Hennighausen L. Colony stimulating factor 1 is required for mammary gland development during pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(20):9312–6.PubMedCentralPubMed Pollard JW, Hennighausen L. Colony stimulating factor 1 is required for mammary gland development during pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(20):9312–6.PubMedCentralPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien J, Martinson H, Durand-Rougely C, Schedin P. Macrophages are crucial for epithelial cell death and adipocyte repopulation during mammary gland involution. Development. 2012;139(2):269–75. doi:10.1242/dev.071696.PubMed O’Brien J, Martinson H, Durand-Rougely C, Schedin P. Macrophages are crucial for epithelial cell death and adipocyte repopulation during mammary gland involution. Development. 2012;139(2):269–75. doi:10.​1242/​dev.​071696.PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Lilla JN, Joshi RV, Craik CS, Werb Z. Active plasma kallikrein localizes to mast cells and regulates epithelial cell apoptosis, adipocyte differentiation, and stromal remodeling during mammary gland involution. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(20):13792–803. doi:10.1074/jbc.M900508200.PubMedCentralPubMed Lilla JN, Joshi RV, Craik CS, Werb Z. Active plasma kallikrein localizes to mast cells and regulates epithelial cell apoptosis, adipocyte differentiation, and stromal remodeling during mammary gland involution. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(20):13792–803. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M900508200.PubMedCentralPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Q, Wuu J, Lambe M, Hsieh SF, Ekbom A, Hsieh CC. Transient increase in breast cancer risk after giving birth: postpartum period with the highest risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13(4):299–305.PubMed Liu Q, Wuu J, Lambe M, Hsieh SF, Ekbom A, Hsieh CC. Transient increase in breast cancer risk after giving birth: postpartum period with the highest risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13(4):299–305.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Chie WC, Hsieh C, Newcomb PA, Longnecker MP, Mittendorf R, Greenberg ER, et al. Age at any full-term pregnancy and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151(7):715–22.PubMed Chie WC, Hsieh C, Newcomb PA, Longnecker MP, Mittendorf R, Greenberg ER, et al. Age at any full-term pregnancy and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151(7):715–22.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Albrektsen G, Heuch I, Kvale G. The short-term and long-term effect of a pregnancy on breast cancer risk: a prospective study of 802,457 parous Norwegian women. Br J Cancer. 1995;72(2):480–4.PubMedCentralPubMed Albrektsen G, Heuch I, Kvale G. The short-term and long-term effect of a pregnancy on breast cancer risk: a prospective study of 802,457 parous Norwegian women. Br J Cancer. 1995;72(2):480–4.PubMedCentralPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Leon DA, Carpenter LM, Broeders MJ, Gunnarskog J, Murphy MF. Breast cancer in Swedish women before age 50: evidence of a dual effect of completed pregnancy. Cancer Causes Control. 1995;6(4):283–91.PubMed Leon DA, Carpenter LM, Broeders MJ, Gunnarskog J, Murphy MF. Breast cancer in Swedish women before age 50: evidence of a dual effect of completed pregnancy. Cancer Causes Control. 1995;6(4):283–91.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Janerich DT, Hoff MB. Evidence for a crossover in breast cancer risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;116(5):737–42.PubMed Janerich DT, Hoff MB. Evidence for a crossover in breast cancer risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;116(5):737–42.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Stensheim H, Moller B, van Dijk T, Fossa SD. Cause-specific survival for women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or lactation: a registry-based cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(1):45–51. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.17.4110.PubMed Stensheim H, Moller B, van Dijk T, Fossa SD. Cause-specific survival for women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or lactation: a registry-based cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(1):45–51. doi:10.​1200/​JCO.​2008.​17.​4110.PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Johansson AL, Andersson TM, Hsieh CC, Cnattingius S, Lambe M. Increased mortality in women with breast cancer detected during pregnancy and different periods postpartum. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(9):1865–72. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0515.PubMed Johansson AL, Andersson TM, Hsieh CC, Cnattingius S, Lambe M. Increased mortality in women with breast cancer detected during pregnancy and different periods postpartum. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(9):1865–72. doi:10.​1158/​1055-9965.​EPI-11-0515.PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Callihan EB, Gao D, Jindal S, Lyons TR, Manthey E, Edgerton S, et al. Postpartum diagnosis demonstrates a high risk for metastasis and merits an expanded definition of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(2):549–59. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2437-x.PubMedCentralPubMed Callihan EB, Gao D, Jindal S, Lyons TR, Manthey E, Edgerton S, et al. Postpartum diagnosis demonstrates a high risk for metastasis and merits an expanded definition of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(2):549–59. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-013-2437-x.PubMedCentralPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Daling JR, Malone KE, Doody DR, Anderson BO, Porter PL. The relation of reproductive factors to mortality from breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11(3):235–41.PubMed Daling JR, Malone KE, Doody DR, Anderson BO, Porter PL. The relation of reproductive factors to mortality from breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11(3):235–41.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Olson SH, Zauber AG, Tang J, Harlap S. Relation of time since last birth and parity to survival of young women with breast cancer. Epidemiology. 1998;9(6):669–71. Olson SH, Zauber AG, Tang J, Harlap S. Relation of time since last birth and parity to survival of young women with breast cancer. Epidemiology. 1998;9(6):669–71.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien J, Schedin P. Macrophages in breast cancer: do involution macrophages account for the poor prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2009;14(2):145–57. doi:10.1007/s10911-009-9118-8. O’Brien J, Schedin P. Macrophages in breast cancer: do involution macrophages account for the poor prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2009;14(2):145–57. doi:10.​1007/​s10911-009-9118-8.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Jindal S, Gao D, Bell P, Albrektsen G, Edgerton S, Ambrosone C, et al. Postpartum breast involution reveals regression of secretory lobules mediated by tissue-remodeling. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16(2):R31.PubMedCentralPubMed Jindal S, Gao D, Bell P, Albrektsen G, Edgerton S, Ambrosone C, et al. Postpartum breast involution reveals regression of secretory lobules mediated by tissue-remodeling. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16(2):R31.PubMedCentralPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Lund LR, Romer J, Thomasset N, Solberg H, Pyke C, Bissell MJ, et al. Two distinct phases of apoptosis in mammary gland involution: proteinase-independent and -dependent pathways. Development. 1996;122(1):181–93.PubMedCentralPubMed Lund LR, Romer J, Thomasset N, Solberg H, Pyke C, Bissell MJ, et al. Two distinct phases of apoptosis in mammary gland involution: proteinase-independent and -dependent pathways. Development. 1996;122(1):181–93.PubMedCentralPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein T, Morris J, Davies C, Weber-Hall S, Duffy M-A, Heath V, et al. Involution of the mouse mammary gland is associated with an immune cascade and an acute-phase response, involving LBP, CD14 and STAT3. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(2):R75–91.PubMedCentralPubMed Stein T, Morris J, Davies C, Weber-Hall S, Duffy M-A, Heath V, et al. Involution of the mouse mammary gland is associated with an immune cascade and an acute-phase response, involving LBP, CD14 and STAT3. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(2):R75–91.PubMedCentralPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Li M, Liu X, Robinson G, Bar-Peled U, Wagner KU, Young WS, et al. Mammary-derived signals activate programmed cell death during the first stage of mammary gland involution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(7):3425–30.PubMedCentralPubMed Li M, Liu X, Robinson G, Bar-Peled U, Wagner KU, Young WS, et al. Mammary-derived signals activate programmed cell death during the first stage of mammary gland involution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(7):3425–30.PubMedCentralPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Marti A, Feng Z, Altermatt HJ, Jaggi R. Milk accumulation triggers apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol. 1997;73(2):158–65.PubMed Marti A, Feng Z, Altermatt HJ, Jaggi R. Milk accumulation triggers apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol. 1997;73(2):158–65.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreuzaler PA, Staniszewska AD, Li W, Omidvar N, Kedjouar B, Turkson J, et al. Stat3 controls lysosomal-mediated cell death in vivo. Nat Cell Biol. 2011;13(3):303–9. doi:10.1038/ncb2171.PubMed Kreuzaler PA, Staniszewska AD, Li W, Omidvar N, Kedjouar B, Turkson J, et al. Stat3 controls lysosomal-mediated cell death in vivo. Nat Cell Biol. 2011;13(3):303–9. doi:10.​1038/​ncb2171.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Dickson SR, Warburton MJ. Enhanced synthesis of gelatinase and stromelysin by myoepithelial cells during involution of the rat mammary gland. J Histochem Cytochem. 1992;40(5):697–703.PubMed Dickson SR, Warburton MJ. Enhanced synthesis of gelatinase and stromelysin by myoepithelial cells during involution of the rat mammary gland. J Histochem Cytochem. 1992;40(5):697–703.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Lefebvre O, Wolf C, Limacher JM, Hutin P, Wendling C, LeMeur M, et al. The breast cancer-associated stromelysin-3 gene is expressed during mouse mammary gland apoptosis. J Cell Biol. 1992;119(4):997–1002.PubMed Lefebvre O, Wolf C, Limacher JM, Hutin P, Wendling C, LeMeur M, et al. The breast cancer-associated stromelysin-3 gene is expressed during mouse mammary gland apoptosis. J Cell Biol. 1992;119(4):997–1002.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Strange R, Li F, Saurer S, Burkhardt A, Friis RR. Apoptotic cell death and tissue remodelling during mouse mammary gland involution. Development. 1992;115(1):49–58.PubMed Strange R, Li F, Saurer S, Burkhardt A, Friis RR. Apoptotic cell death and tissue remodelling during mouse mammary gland involution. Development. 1992;115(1):49–58.PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Talhouk RS, Bissell MJ, Werb Z. Coordinated expression of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases and their inhibitors regulates mammary epithelial function during involution. J Cell Biol. 1992;118(5):1271–82.PubMed Talhouk RS, Bissell MJ, Werb Z. Coordinated expression of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases and their inhibitors regulates mammary epithelial function during involution. J Cell Biol. 1992;118(5):1271–82.PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Clarkson R, Wayland M, Lee J, Freeman T, Watson C. Gene expression profiling of mammary gland development reveals putative roles for death receptors and immune mediators in post-lactational regression. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(2):R92–109.PubMedCentralPubMed Clarkson R, Wayland M, Lee J, Freeman T, Watson C. Gene expression profiling of mammary gland development reveals putative roles for death receptors and immune mediators in post-lactational regression. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(2):R92–109.PubMedCentralPubMed
39.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Schedin P, Mitrenga T, McDaniel S, Kaeck M. Mammary ECM composition and function are altered by reproductive state. Mol Carcinog. 2004;41(4):207–20. doi:10.1002/mc.20058.PubMed Schedin P, Mitrenga T, McDaniel S, Kaeck M. Mammary ECM composition and function are altered by reproductive state. Mol Carcinog. 2004;41(4):207–20. doi:10.​1002/​mc.​20058.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Schedin P, O’Brien J, Rudolph M, Stein T, Borges V. Microenvironment of the involuting mammary gland mediates mammary cancer progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2007;12(1):71–82. doi:10.1007/s10911-007-9039-3.PubMed Schedin P, O’Brien J, Rudolph M, Stein T, Borges V. Microenvironment of the involuting mammary gland mediates mammary cancer progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2007;12(1):71–82. doi:10.​1007/​s10911-007-9039-3.PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Schedin P, Strange R, Mitrenga T, Wolfe P, Kaeck M. Fibronectin fragments induce MMP activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells: evidence for a role in mammary tissue remodeling. J Cell Sci. 2000;113(Pt 5):795–806.PubMed Schedin P, Strange R, Mitrenga T, Wolfe P, Kaeck M. Fibronectin fragments induce MMP activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells: evidence for a role in mammary tissue remodeling. J Cell Sci. 2000;113(Pt 5):795–806.PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Fornetti J, Jindal S, Middleton KA, Borges VF, Schedin P. Physiological COX-2 expression in breast epithelium associates with COX-2 levels in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer in young women. Am J Pathol. 2014;184(4):1219–29. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.026.PubMed Fornetti J, Jindal S, Middleton KA, Borges VF, Schedin P. Physiological COX-2 expression in breast epithelium associates with COX-2 levels in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer in young women. Am J Pathol. 2014;184(4):1219–29. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ajpath.​2013.​12.​026.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta PB, Proia D, Cingoz O, Weremowicz J, Naber SP, Weinberg RA, et al. Systemic stromal effects of estrogen promote the growth of estrogen receptor–negative cancers. Cancer Res. 2007;67(5):2062–71. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3895.PubMed Gupta PB, Proia D, Cingoz O, Weremowicz J, Naber SP, Weinberg RA, et al. Systemic stromal effects of estrogen promote the growth of estrogen receptor–negative cancers. Cancer Res. 2007;67(5):2062–71. doi:10.​1158/​0008-5472.​can-06-3895.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein T, Salomonis N, Nuyten DS, van de Vijver MJ, Gusterson BA. A mouse mammary gland involution mRNA signature identifies biological pathways potentially associated with breast cancer metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2009;14(2):99–116. doi:10.1007/s10911-009-9120-1.PubMed Stein T, Salomonis N, Nuyten DS, van de Vijver MJ, Gusterson BA. A mouse mammary gland involution mRNA signature identifies biological pathways potentially associated with breast cancer metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2009;14(2):99–116. doi:10.​1007/​s10911-009-9120-1.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Monks J, Smith-Steinhart C, Kruk ER, Fadok VA, Henson PM. Epithelial cells remove apoptotic epithelial cells during post-lactation involution of the mouse mammary gland. Biol Reprod. 2008;78(4):586–94. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.107.065045.PubMed Monks J, Smith-Steinhart C, Kruk ER, Fadok VA, Henson PM. Epithelial cells remove apoptotic epithelial cells during post-lactation involution of the mouse mammary gland. Biol Reprod. 2008;78(4):586–94. doi:10.​1095/​biolreprod.​107.​065045.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Hughes K, Wickenden JA, Allen JE, Watson CJ. Conditional deletion of Stat3 in mammary epithelium impairs the acute phase response and modulates immune cell numbers during post-lactational regression. J Pathol. 2012;227(1):106–17. doi:10.1002/path.3961.PubMedCentralPubMed Hughes K, Wickenden JA, Allen JE, Watson CJ. Conditional deletion of Stat3 in mammary epithelium impairs the acute phase response and modulates immune cell numbers during post-lactational regression. J Pathol. 2012;227(1):106–17. doi:10.​1002/​path.​3961.PubMedCentralPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramirez RA, Lee A, Schedin P, Russell JS, Masso-Welch PA. Alterations in mast cell frequency and relationship to angiogenesis in the rat mammary gland during windows of physiologic tissue remodeling. Dev Dyn. 2012;241(5):890–900. doi:10.1002/dvdy.23778.PubMedCentralPubMed Ramirez RA, Lee A, Schedin P, Russell JS, Masso-Welch PA. Alterations in mast cell frequency and relationship to angiogenesis in the rat mammary gland during windows of physiologic tissue remodeling. Dev Dyn. 2012;241(5):890–900. doi:10.​1002/​dvdy.​23778.PubMedCentralPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Mantovani A, Sica A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Locati M. The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol. 2004;25(12):677–86.PubMed Mantovani A, Sica A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Locati M. The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol. 2004;25(12):677–86.PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Sica A, Schioppa T, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Tumour-associated macrophages are a distinct M2 polarised population promoting tumour progression: potential targets of anti-cancer therapy. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42(6):717–27. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2006.01.003.PubMed Sica A, Schioppa T, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Tumour-associated macrophages are a distinct M2 polarised population promoting tumour progression: potential targets of anti-cancer therapy. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42(6):717–27. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ejca.​2006.​01.​003.PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Sica A, Larghi P, Mancino A, Rubino L, Porta C, Totaro MG, et al. Macrophage polarization in tumour progression. Semin Cancer Biol. 2008;18(5):349–55.PubMed Sica A, Larghi P, Mancino A, Rubino L, Porta C, Totaro MG, et al. Macrophage polarization in tumour progression. Semin Cancer Biol. 2008;18(5):349–55.PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(12):958–69.PubMedCentralPubMed Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(12):958–69.PubMedCentralPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Locati M, Allavena P, Sica A. Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immunol. 2002;23(11):549–55. Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Locati M, Allavena P, Sica A. Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immunol. 2002;23(11):549–55.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Sohn BH, Moon HB, Kim TY, Kang HS, Bae YS, Lee KK, et al. Interleukin-10 up-regulates tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene expression in mammary epithelial cells at the involution stage. Biochem J. 2001;360(Pt 1):31–8.PubMedCentralPubMed Sohn BH, Moon HB, Kim TY, Kang HS, Bae YS, Lee KK, et al. Interleukin-10 up-regulates tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene expression in mammary epithelial cells at the involution stage. Biochem J. 2001;360(Pt 1):31–8.PubMedCentralPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang SH, Liu CH, Conway R, Han DK, Nithipatikom K, Trifan OC, et al. Role of prostaglandin E2-dependent angiogenic switch in cyclooxygenase 2-induced breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(2):591–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.2535911100.PubMedCentralPubMed Chang SH, Liu CH, Conway R, Han DK, Nithipatikom K, Trifan OC, et al. Role of prostaglandin E2-dependent angiogenic switch in cyclooxygenase 2-induced breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(2):591–6. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​2535911100.PubMedCentralPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu M, Peluffo G, Chen H, Gelman R, Schnitt S, Polyak K. Role of COX-2 in epithelial-stromal cell interactions and progression of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106((9):3372–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0813306106. Hu M, Peluffo G, Chen H, Gelman R, Schnitt S, Polyak K. Role of COX-2 in epithelial-stromal cell interactions and progression of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106((9):3372–7. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​0813306106.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Larkins T, Nowell M, Singh S, Sanford G. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 decreases breast cancer cell motility, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase expression. BMC Cancer. 2006;6(1):181.PubMedCentralPubMed Larkins T, Nowell M, Singh S, Sanford G. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 decreases breast cancer cell motility, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase expression. BMC Cancer. 2006;6(1):181.PubMedCentralPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu CH, Chang S-H, Narko K, Trifan OC, Wu M-T, Smith E, et al. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(21):18563–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010787200.PubMed Liu CH, Chang S-H, Narko K, Trifan OC, Wu M-T, Smith E, et al. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(21):18563–9. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M010787200.PubMed
63.
66.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien J, Hansen K, Barkan D, Green J, Schedin P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs target the pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix of the postpartum mammary gland. Int J Dev Biol. 2011;55(7–9):745–55. doi:10.1387/ijdb.113379jo.PubMed O’Brien J, Hansen K, Barkan D, Green J, Schedin P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs target the pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix of the postpartum mammary gland. Int J Dev Biol. 2011;55(7–9):745–55. doi:10.​1387/​ijdb.​113379jo.PubMed
67.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Konowal A, Freed OW. Macrophages That Have Ingested Apoptotic Cells In Vitro Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Production Through Autocrine/Paracrine Mechanisms Involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF. J Clin Invest. 1998;101. Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Konowal A, Freed OW. Macrophages That Have Ingested Apoptotic Cells In Vitro Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Production Through Autocrine/Paracrine Mechanisms Involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF. J Clin Invest. 1998;101.
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Brecht K, Weigert A, Hu J, Popp R, Fisslthaler B, Korff T, et al. Macrophages programmed by apoptotic cells promote angiogenesis via prostaglandin E2. FASEB J. 2011;25(7):2408–17. doi:10.1096/fj.10-179473.PubMed Brecht K, Weigert A, Hu J, Popp R, Fisslthaler B, Korff T, et al. Macrophages programmed by apoptotic cells promote angiogenesis via prostaglandin E2. FASEB J. 2011;25(7):2408–17. doi:10.​1096/​fj.​10-179473.PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Monks J, Rosner D, Geske FJ, Lehman L, Hanson L, Neville MC, et al. Epithelial cells as phagocytes: apoptotic epithelial cells are engulfed by mammary alveolar epithelial cells and repress inflammatory mediator release. Cell Death Differ. 2005;12(2):107–14. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401517.PubMed Monks J, Rosner D, Geske FJ, Lehman L, Hanson L, Neville MC, et al. Epithelial cells as phagocytes: apoptotic epithelial cells are engulfed by mammary alveolar epithelial cells and repress inflammatory mediator release. Cell Death Differ. 2005;12(2):107–14. doi:10.​1038/​sj.​cdd.​4401517.PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Chapman RS, Lourenco P, Tonner E, Flint D, Selbert S, Takeda K, et al. The role of Stat3 in apoptosis and mammary gland involution. Conditional deletion of Stat3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;480:129–38.PubMed Chapman RS, Lourenco P, Tonner E, Flint D, Selbert S, Takeda K, et al. The role of Stat3 in apoptosis and mammary gland involution. Conditional deletion of Stat3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;480:129–38.PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Golpon HA, Fadok VA, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Scerbavicius R, Sauer C, Welte T, et al. Life after corpse engulfment: phagocytosis of apoptotic cells leads to VEGF secretion and cell growth. FASEB J. 2004;18(14):1716–8. doi:10.1096/fj.04-1853fje.PubMed Golpon HA, Fadok VA, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Scerbavicius R, Sauer C, Welte T, et al. Life after corpse engulfment: phagocytosis of apoptotic cells leads to VEGF secretion and cell growth. FASEB J. 2004;18(14):1716–8. doi:10.​1096/​fj.​04-1853fje.PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Gregory CD, Pound JD. Cell death in the neighbourhood: direct microenvironmental effects of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic tissues. J Pathol. 2011;223(2):177–94. doi:10.1002/path.2792.PubMed Gregory CD, Pound JD. Cell death in the neighbourhood: direct microenvironmental effects of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic tissues. J Pathol. 2011;223(2):177–94. doi:10.​1002/​path.​2792.PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauber K, Bohn E, Kröber SM, Xiao Y-j, Blumenthal SG, Lindemann RK, et al. Apoptotic cells induce migration of phagocytes via caspase-3-mediated release of a lipid attraction signal. Cell. 2003;113(6):717–30. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00422-7.PubMed Lauber K, Bohn E, Kröber SM, Xiao Y-j, Blumenthal SG, Lindemann RK, et al. Apoptotic cells induce migration of phagocytes via caspase-3-mediated release of a lipid attraction signal. Cell. 2003;113(6):717–30. doi:10.​1016/​s0092-8674(03)00422-7.PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Elliott MR, Chekeni FB, Trampont PC, Lazarowski ER, Kadl A, Walk SF, et al. Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance. Nature. 2009;461(7261):282–6. doi:10.1038/nature08296.PubMedCentralPubMed Elliott MR, Chekeni FB, Trampont PC, Lazarowski ER, Kadl A, Walk SF, et al. Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance. Nature. 2009;461(7261):282–6. doi:10.​1038/​nature08296.PubMedCentralPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen W, Frank ME, Jin W, Wahl SM. TGF-beta Released by Apoptotic T Cells Contributes to an Immunosuppressive Milieu. Immunity. 2001;14. Chen W, Frank ME, Jin W, Wahl SM. TGF-beta Released by Apoptotic T Cells Contributes to an Immunosuppressive Milieu. Immunity. 2001;14.
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Yañez R, Oviedo A, Aldea M, Bueren JA, Lamana ML. Prostaglandin E2 plays a key role in the immunosuppressive properties of adipose and bone marrow tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Exp Cell Res. 2010;316(19):3109–23. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.08.008.PubMed Yañez R, Oviedo A, Aldea M, Bueren JA, Lamana ML. Prostaglandin E2 plays a key role in the immunosuppressive properties of adipose and bone marrow tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Exp Cell Res. 2010;316(19):3109–23. doi:10.​1016/​j.​yexcr.​2010.​08.​008.PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien JH, Vanderlinden LA, Schedin PJ, Hansen KC. Rat mammary extracellular matrix composition and response to ibuprofen treatment during postpartum involution by differential GeLC-MS/MS analysis. J Proteome Res. 2012;11(10):4894–905. doi:10.1021/pr3003744.PubMed O’Brien JH, Vanderlinden LA, Schedin PJ, Hansen KC. Rat mammary extracellular matrix composition and response to ibuprofen treatment during postpartum involution by differential GeLC-MS/MS analysis. J Proteome Res. 2012;11(10):4894–905. doi:10.​1021/​pr3003744.PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Morwood SR, Nicholson LB. Modulation of the immune response by extracellular matrix proteins. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2006;54(6):367–74. doi:10.1007/s00005-006-0043-x. Morwood SR, Nicholson LB. Modulation of the immune response by extracellular matrix proteins. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2006;54(6):367–74. doi:10.​1007/​s00005-006-0043-x.
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Sorokin L. The impact of the extracellular matrix on inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;0((0)):712–23. doi:10.1038/nri2852. Sorokin L. The impact of the extracellular matrix on inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;0((0)):712–23. doi:10.​1038/​nri2852.
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Mydel P, Shipley JM, Adair-Kirk TL, Kelley DG, Broekelmann TJ, Mecham RP, et al. Neutrophil elastase cleaves laminin-332 (laminin-5) generating peptides that are chemotactic for neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(15):9513–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M706239200.PubMedCentralPubMed Mydel P, Shipley JM, Adair-Kirk TL, Kelley DG, Broekelmann TJ, Mecham RP, et al. Neutrophil elastase cleaves laminin-332 (laminin-5) generating peptides that are chemotactic for neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(15):9513–22. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M706239200.PubMedCentralPubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaplan G. In vitro differentiation of human monocytes. Monocytes cultured on glass are cytotoxic to tumor cells but monocytes cultured on collagen are not. J Exp Med. 1983;157(6):2061–72.PubMed Kaplan G. In vitro differentiation of human monocytes. Monocytes cultured on glass are cytotoxic to tumor cells but monocytes cultured on collagen are not. J Exp Med. 1983;157(6):2061–72.PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemesath TJ, Marton LS, Stefansson K. Inhibition of T cell activation by the extracellular matrix protein tenascin. J Immunol. 1994;152(11):5199–207.PubMed Hemesath TJ, Marton LS, Stefansson K. Inhibition of T cell activation by the extracellular matrix protein tenascin. J Immunol. 1994;152(11):5199–207.PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Puente Navazo MD, Valmori D, Ruegg C. The alternatively spliced domain TnFnIII A1A2 of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C suppresses activation-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. J Immunol. 2001;167(11):6431–40.PubMed Puente Navazo MD, Valmori D, Ruegg C. The alternatively spliced domain TnFnIII A1A2 of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C suppresses activation-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. J Immunol. 2001;167(11):6431–40.PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruegg CR, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Alkan SS. Tenascin, an extracellular matrix protein, exerts immunomodulatory activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86(19):7437–41.PubMedCentralPubMed Ruegg CR, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Alkan SS. Tenascin, an extracellular matrix protein, exerts immunomodulatory activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86(19):7437–41.PubMedCentralPubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Maller O, Martinson H, Schedin P. Extracellular matrix composition reveals complex and dynamic stromal-epithelial interactions in the mammary gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2010;15(3):301–18. doi:10.1007/s10911-010-9189-6.PubMed Maller O, Martinson H, Schedin P. Extracellular matrix composition reveals complex and dynamic stromal-epithelial interactions in the mammary gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2010;15(3):301–18. doi:10.​1007/​s10911-010-9189-6.PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Korpos E, Wu C, Sorokin L. Multiple roles of the extracellular matrix in inflammation. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(12):1349–57.PubMed Korpos E, Wu C, Sorokin L. Multiple roles of the extracellular matrix in inflammation. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(12):1349–57.PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaday GG, Lider O. Extracellular matrix moieties, cytokines, and enzymes: dynamic effects on immune cell behavior and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;67(2):149–59.PubMed Vaday GG, Lider O. Extracellular matrix moieties, cytokines, and enzymes: dynamic effects on immune cell behavior and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;67(2):149–59.PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Schedin P, Mitrenga T, Kaeck M. Estrous cycle regulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in the Sprague–Dawley Rat: a model for investigating the role of estrous cycling in mammary carcinogenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2000;5(2):211–25. doi:10.1023/a:1026447506666.PubMed Schedin P, Mitrenga T, Kaeck M. Estrous cycle regulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in the Sprague–Dawley Rat: a model for investigating the role of estrous cycling in mammary carcinogenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2000;5(2):211–25. doi:10.​1023/​a:​1026447506666.PubMed
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Annes JP, Munger JS, Rifkin DB. Making sense of latent TGFbeta activation. J Cell Sci. 2003;116(Pt 2):217–24.PubMed Annes JP, Munger JS, Rifkin DB. Making sense of latent TGFbeta activation. J Cell Sci. 2003;116(Pt 2):217–24.PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmadzadeh M, Rosenberg SA. TGF-beta 1 attenuates the acquisition and expression of effector function by tumor antigen-specific human memory CD8 T cells. J Immunol. 2005;174(9):5215–23.PubMedCentralPubMed Ahmadzadeh M, Rosenberg SA. TGF-beta 1 attenuates the acquisition and expression of effector function by tumor antigen-specific human memory CD8 T cells. J Immunol. 2005;174(9):5215–23.PubMedCentralPubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitamura M. Identification of an inhibitor targeting macrophage production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as TGF-beta 1. J Immunol. 1997;159(3):1404–11.PubMed Kitamura M. Identification of an inhibitor targeting macrophage production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as TGF-beta 1. J Immunol. 1997;159(3):1404–11.PubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen JJ, Sun Y, Nabel GJ. Regulation of the proinflammatory effects of Fas ligand (CD95L). Science. 1998;282(5394):1714–7.PubMed Chen JJ, Sun Y, Nabel GJ. Regulation of the proinflammatory effects of Fas ligand (CD95L). Science. 1998;282(5394):1714–7.PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghiringhelli F, Menard C, Terme M, Flament C, Taieb J, Chaput N, et al. CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent manner. J Exp Med. 2005;202(8):1075–85. doi:10.1084/jem.20051511.PubMedCentralPubMed Ghiringhelli F, Menard C, Terme M, Flament C, Taieb J, Chaput N, et al. CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent manner. J Exp Med. 2005;202(8):1075–85. doi:10.​1084/​jem.​20051511.PubMedCentralPubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Geissmann F, Revy P, Regnault A, Lepelletier Y, Dy M, Brousse N, et al. TGF-beta 1 prevents the noncognate maturation of human dendritic Langerhans cells. J Immunol. 1999;162(8):4567–75.PubMed Geissmann F, Revy P, Regnault A, Lepelletier Y, Dy M, Brousse N, et al. TGF-beta 1 prevents the noncognate maturation of human dendritic Langerhans cells. J Immunol. 1999;162(8):4567–75.PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Reilly MS, Boehm T, Shing Y, Fukai N, Vasios G, Lane WS, et al. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell. 1997;88(2):277–85.PubMed O’Reilly MS, Boehm T, Shing Y, Fukai N, Vasios G, Lane WS, et al. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell. 1997;88(2):277–85.PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamano Y, Zeisberg M, Sugimoto H, Lively JC, Maeshima Y, Yang C, et al. Physiological levels of tumstatin, a fragment of collagen IV alpha3 chain, are generated by MMP-9 proteolysis and suppress angiogenesis via alphaV beta3 integrin. Cancer Cell. 2003;3(6):589–601.PubMedCentralPubMed Hamano Y, Zeisberg M, Sugimoto H, Lively JC, Maeshima Y, Yang C, et al. Physiological levels of tumstatin, a fragment of collagen IV alpha3 chain, are generated by MMP-9 proteolysis and suppress angiogenesis via alphaV beta3 integrin. Cancer Cell. 2003;3(6):589–601.PubMedCentralPubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown EJ. The role of extracellular matrix proteins in the control of phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol. 1986;39(5):579–91.PubMed Brown EJ. The role of extracellular matrix proteins in the control of phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol. 1986;39(5):579–91.PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang KD, Augustine NH, Shaio MF, Bohnsack JF, Hill HR. Effects of fibronectin on actin organization and respiratory burst activity in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. J Cell Physiol. 1994;158(2):347–53. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041580217.PubMed Yang KD, Augustine NH, Shaio MF, Bohnsack JF, Hill HR. Effects of fibronectin on actin organization and respiratory burst activity in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. J Cell Physiol. 1994;158(2):347–53. doi:10.​1002/​jcp.​1041580217.PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Beezhold DH, Personius C. Fibronectin fragments stimulate tumor necrosis factor secretion by human monocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 1992;51(1):59–64.PubMed Beezhold DH, Personius C. Fibronectin fragments stimulate tumor necrosis factor secretion by human monocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 1992;51(1):59–64.PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Marom B, Rahat MA, Lahat N, Weiss-Cerem L, Kinarty A, Bitterman H. Native and fragmented fibronectin oppositely modulate monocyte secretion of MMP-9. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;81(6):1466–76. doi:10.1189/jlb.0506328.PubMed Marom B, Rahat MA, Lahat N, Weiss-Cerem L, Kinarty A, Bitterman H. Native and fragmented fibronectin oppositely modulate monocyte secretion of MMP-9. J Leukoc Biol. 2007;81(6):1466–76. doi:10.​1189/​jlb.​0506328.PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Adair-Kirk TL, Atkinson JJ, Broekelmann TJ, Doi M, Tryggvason K, Miner JH, et al. A site on laminin alpha 5, AQARSAASKVKVSMKF, induces inflammatory cell production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and chemotaxis. J Immunol. 2003;171(1):398–406.PubMed Adair-Kirk TL, Atkinson JJ, Broekelmann TJ, Doi M, Tryggvason K, Miner JH, et al. A site on laminin alpha 5, AQARSAASKVKVSMKF, induces inflammatory cell production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and chemotaxis. J Immunol. 2003;171(1):398–406.PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Adair-Kirk TL, Atkinson JJ, Kelley DG, Arch RH, Miner JH, Senior RM. A chemotactic peptide from laminin alpha 5 functions as a regulator of inflammatory immune responses via TNF alpha-mediated signaling. J Immunol. 2005;174(3):1621–9.PubMed Adair-Kirk TL, Atkinson JJ, Kelley DG, Arch RH, Miner JH, Senior RM. A chemotactic peptide from laminin alpha 5 functions as a regulator of inflammatory immune responses via TNF alpha-mediated signaling. J Immunol. 2005;174(3):1621–9.PubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat McCready J, Arendt LM, Glover E, Iyer V, Briendel JL, Lyle SR, et al. Pregnancy-associated breast cancers are driven by differences in adipose stromal cells present during lactation. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16(1):R2. doi:10.1186/bcr3594.PubMedCentralPubMed McCready J, Arendt LM, Glover E, Iyer V, Briendel JL, Lyle SR, et al. Pregnancy-associated breast cancers are driven by differences in adipose stromal cells present during lactation. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16(1):R2. doi:10.​1186/​bcr3594.PubMedCentralPubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamei N, Tobe K, Suzuki R, Ohsugi M, Watanabe T, Kubota N, et al. Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in adipose tissues causes macrophage recruitment and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(36):26602–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M601284200.PubMed Kamei N, Tobe K, Suzuki R, Ohsugi M, Watanabe T, Kubota N, et al. Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in adipose tissues causes macrophage recruitment and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(36):26602–14. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M601284200.PubMed
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanda H, Tateya S, Tamori Y, Kotani K. Hiasa K-i, Kitazawa R et al. MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(6):1494–505.PubMedCentralPubMed Kanda H, Tateya S, Tamori Y, Kotani K. Hiasa K-i, Kitazawa R et al. MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(6):1494–505.PubMedCentralPubMed
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Acedo SC, Gambero S, Cunha FG, Lorand-Metze I, Gambero A. Participation of leptin in the determination of the macrophage phenotype: an additional role in adipocyte and macrophage crosstalk. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2013;49(6):473–8. doi:10.1007/s11626-013-9629-x.PubMed Acedo SC, Gambero S, Cunha FG, Lorand-Metze I, Gambero A. Participation of leptin in the determination of the macrophage phenotype: an additional role in adipocyte and macrophage crosstalk. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2013;49(6):473–8. doi:10.​1007/​s11626-013-9629-x.PubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein-Wieringa IR, Andersen SN, Kwekkeboom JC, Giera M, de Lange-Brokaar BJ, van Osch GJ, et al. Adipocytes modulate the phenotype of human macrophages through secreted lipids. J Immunol. 2013;191(3):1356–63. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203074.PubMed Klein-Wieringa IR, Andersen SN, Kwekkeboom JC, Giera M, de Lange-Brokaar BJ, van Osch GJ, et al. Adipocytes modulate the phenotype of human macrophages through secreted lipids. J Immunol. 2013;191(3):1356–63. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​1203074.PubMed
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Gruen ML, Hao M, Piston DW, Hasty AH. Leptin requires canonical migratory signaling pathways for induction of monocyte and macrophage chemotaxis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007;293(5):C1481–8. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00062.2007.PubMed Gruen ML, Hao M, Piston DW, Hasty AH. Leptin requires canonical migratory signaling pathways for induction of monocyte and macrophage chemotaxis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007;293(5):C1481–8. doi:10.​1152/​ajpcell.​00062.​2007.PubMed
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Calippe B, Douin-Echinard V, Delpy L, Laffargue M, Lelu K, Krust A, et al. 17Beta-estradiol promotes TLR4-triggered proinflammatory mediator production through direct estrogen receptor alpha signaling in macrophages in vivo. J Immunol. 2010;185(2):1169–76. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902383.PubMed Calippe B, Douin-Echinard V, Delpy L, Laffargue M, Lelu K, Krust A, et al. 17Beta-estradiol promotes TLR4-triggered proinflammatory mediator production through direct estrogen receptor alpha signaling in macrophages in vivo. J Immunol. 2010;185(2):1169–76. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​0902383.PubMed
125.
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Lelu K, Laffont S, Delpy L, Paulet PE, Perinat T, Tschanz SA, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha signaling in T lymphocytes is required for estradiol-mediated inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 2011;187(5):2386–93. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1101578.PubMed Lelu K, Laffont S, Delpy L, Paulet PE, Perinat T, Tschanz SA, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha signaling in T lymphocytes is required for estradiol-mediated inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 2011;187(5):2386–93. doi:10.​4049/​jimmunol.​1101578.PubMed
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Tai P, Wang J, Jin H, Song X, Yan J, Kang Y, et al. Induction of regulatory T cells by physiological level estrogen. J Cell Physiol. 2008;214(2):456–64. doi:10.1002/jcp.21221.PubMed Tai P, Wang J, Jin H, Song X, Yan J, Kang Y, et al. Induction of regulatory T cells by physiological level estrogen. J Cell Physiol. 2008;214(2):456–64. doi:10.​1002/​jcp.​21221.PubMed
130.
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Grimaldi CM, Jeganathan V, Diamond B. Hormonal regulation of B cell development: 17 beta-estradiol impairs negative selection of high-affinity DNA-reactive B cells at more than one developmental checkpoint. J Immunol. 2006;176(5):2703–10.PubMed Grimaldi CM, Jeganathan V, Diamond B. Hormonal regulation of B cell development: 17 beta-estradiol impairs negative selection of high-affinity DNA-reactive B cells at more than one developmental checkpoint. J Immunol. 2006;176(5):2703–10.PubMed
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsutsui S, Yasuda K, Suzuki K, Tahara K, Higashi H, Era S. Macrophage infiltration and its prognostic implications in breast cancer: the relationship with VEGF expression and microvessel density. Oncol Rep. 2005;14(2):425–31.PubMed Tsutsui S, Yasuda K, Suzuki K, Tahara K, Higashi H, Era S. Macrophage infiltration and its prognostic implications in breast cancer: the relationship with VEGF expression and microvessel density. Oncol Rep. 2005;14(2):425–31.PubMed
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Leek RD, Lewis CE, Whitehouse R, Greenall M, Clarke J, Harris AL. Association of macrophage infiltration with angiogenesis and prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1996;56(20):4625–9.PubMed Leek RD, Lewis CE, Whitehouse R, Greenall M, Clarke J, Harris AL. Association of macrophage infiltration with angiogenesis and prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1996;56(20):4625–9.PubMed
137.
138.
Zurück zum Zitat McDermott RS, Deneux L, Mosseri V, Vedrenne J, Clough K, Fourquet A, et al. Circulating macrophage colony stimulating factor as a marker of tumour progression. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2002;13(1):121–7.PubMed McDermott RS, Deneux L, Mosseri V, Vedrenne J, Clough K, Fourquet A, et al. Circulating macrophage colony stimulating factor as a marker of tumour progression. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2002;13(1):121–7.PubMed
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Ueno T, Toi M, Saji H, Muta M, Bando H, Kuroi K, et al. Significance of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in macrophage recruitment, angiogenesis, and survival in human breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6(8):3282–9.PubMed Ueno T, Toi M, Saji H, Muta M, Bando H, Kuroi K, et al. Significance of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in macrophage recruitment, angiogenesis, and survival in human breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6(8):3282–9.PubMed
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin EY, Nguyen AV, Russell RG, Pollard JW. Colony-stimulating factor 1 promotes progression of mammary tumors to malignancy. 2001. p. 727–40. Lin EY, Nguyen AV, Russell RG, Pollard JW. Colony-stimulating factor 1 promotes progression of mammary tumors to malignancy. 2001. p. 727–40.
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Diaz-Montero CM, Salem ML, Nishimura MI, Garrett-Mayer E, Cole DJ, Montero AJ. Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with clinical cancer stage, metastatic tumor burden, and doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(1):49–59. doi:10.1007/s00262-008-0523-4.PubMedCentralPubMed Diaz-Montero CM, Salem ML, Nishimura MI, Garrett-Mayer E, Cole DJ, Montero AJ. Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with clinical cancer stage, metastatic tumor burden, and doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(1):49–59. doi:10.​1007/​s00262-008-0523-4.PubMedCentralPubMed
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Montero AJ, Diaz-Montero CM, Deutsch YE, Hurley J, Koniaris LG, Rumboldt T, et al. Phase 2 study of neoadjuvant treatment with NOV-002 in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel in patients with HER-2 negative clinical stage II-IIIc breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;132(1):215–23. doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1889-0.PubMedCentralPubMed Montero AJ, Diaz-Montero CM, Deutsch YE, Hurley J, Koniaris LG, Rumboldt T, et al. Phase 2 study of neoadjuvant treatment with NOV-002 in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel in patients with HER-2 negative clinical stage II-IIIc breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;132(1):215–23. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-011-1889-0.PubMedCentralPubMed
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohara M, Yamaguchi Y, Matsuura K, Murakami S, Arihiro K, Okada M. Possible involvement of regulatory T cells in tumor onset and progression in primary breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(3):441–7.PubMed Ohara M, Yamaguchi Y, Matsuura K, Murakami S, Arihiro K, Okada M. Possible involvement of regulatory T cells in tumor onset and progression in primary breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(3):441–7.PubMed
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Bates GJ, Fox SB, Han C, Leek RD, Garcia JF, Harris AL, et al. Quantification of regulatory T cells enables the identification of high-risk breast cancer patients and those at risk of late relapse. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(34):5373–80.PubMed Bates GJ, Fox SB, Han C, Leek RD, Garcia JF, Harris AL, et al. Quantification of regulatory T cells enables the identification of high-risk breast cancer patients and those at risk of late relapse. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(34):5373–80.PubMed
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Yan M, Jene N, Byrne D, Millar EK, O’Toole SA, McNeil CM, et al. Recruitment of regulatory T cells is correlated with hypoxia-induced CXCR4 expression, and is associated with poor prognosis in basal-like breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(2):R47. doi:10.1186/bcr2869.PubMedCentralPubMed Yan M, Jene N, Byrne D, Millar EK, O’Toole SA, McNeil CM, et al. Recruitment of regulatory T cells is correlated with hypoxia-induced CXCR4 expression, and is associated with poor prognosis in basal-like breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(2):R47. doi:10.​1186/​bcr2869.PubMedCentralPubMed
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez PC, Zea AH, Culotta KS, Zabaleta J, Ochoa JB, Ochoa AC. Regulation of T cell receptor CD3zeta chain expression by L-arginine. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(24):21123–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110675200.PubMed Rodriguez PC, Zea AH, Culotta KS, Zabaleta J, Ochoa JB, Ochoa AC. Regulation of T cell receptor CD3zeta chain expression by L-arginine. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(24):21123–9. doi:10.​1074/​jbc.​M110675200.PubMed
149.
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Fend L, Accart N, Kintz J, Cochin S, Reymann C, Le Pogam F, et al. Therapeutic effects of anti-CD115 monoclonal antibody in mouse cancer models through dual inhibition of tumor-associated macrophages and osteoclasts. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73310. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073310.PubMedCentralPubMed Fend L, Accart N, Kintz J, Cochin S, Reymann C, Le Pogam F, et al. Therapeutic effects of anti-CD115 monoclonal antibody in mouse cancer models through dual inhibition of tumor-associated macrophages and osteoclasts. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73310. doi:10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0073310.PubMedCentralPubMed
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Strachan DC, Ruffell B, Oei Y, Bissell MJ, Coussens LM, Pryer N, et al. CSF1R inhibition delays cervical and mammary tumor growth in murine models by attenuating the turnover of tumor-associated macrophages and enhancing infiltration by CD8 T cells. Oncolmmunology. 2013;2(12):e26968. doi:10.4161/onci.26968. Strachan DC, Ruffell B, Oei Y, Bissell MJ, Coussens LM, Pryer N, et al. CSF1R inhibition delays cervical and mammary tumor growth in murine models by attenuating the turnover of tumor-associated macrophages and enhancing infiltration by CD8 T cells. Oncolmmunology. 2013;2(12):e26968. doi:10.​4161/​onci.​26968.
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Eubank TD, Roberts RD, Khan M, Curry JM, Nuovo GJ, Kuppusamy P, et al. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by invoking an anti-angiogenic program in tumor-educated macrophages. Cancer Res. 2009;69(5):2133–40. doi:10.1158/0008.PubMedCentralPubMed Eubank TD, Roberts RD, Khan M, Curry JM, Nuovo GJ, Kuppusamy P, et al. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by invoking an anti-angiogenic program in tumor-educated macrophages. Cancer Res. 2009;69(5):2133–40. doi:10.​1158/​0008.PubMedCentralPubMed
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang X, Tian W, Cai X, Wang X, Dang W, Tang H, et al. Hydrazinocurcumin Encapsuled nanoparticles “re-educate” tumor-associated macrophages and exhibit anti-tumor effects on breast cancer following STAT3 suppression. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e65896. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065896.PubMedCentralPubMed Zhang X, Tian W, Cai X, Wang X, Dang W, Tang H, et al. Hydrazinocurcumin Encapsuled nanoparticles “re-educate” tumor-associated macrophages and exhibit anti-tumor effects on breast cancer following STAT3 suppression. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e65896. doi:10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0065896.PubMedCentralPubMed
156.
Zurück zum Zitat Faure E, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Kaartinen V. Differential expression of TGF-beta isoforms during postlactational mammary gland involution. Cell Tissue Res. 2000;300(1):89–95.PubMed Faure E, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Kaartinen V. Differential expression of TGF-beta isoforms during postlactational mammary gland involution. Cell Tissue Res. 2000;300(1):89–95.PubMed
157.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen AV, Pollard JW. Transforming growth factor beta3 induces cell death during the first stage of mammary gland involution. Development. 2000;127(14):3107–18.PubMed Nguyen AV, Pollard JW. Transforming growth factor beta3 induces cell death during the first stage of mammary gland involution. Development. 2000;127(14):3107–18.PubMed
159.
162.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaplan RN, Riba RD, Zacharoulis S, Bramley AH, Vincent L, Costa C, et al. VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature. 2005;438(7069):820–7. doi:10.1038/nature04186.PubMedCentralPubMed Kaplan RN, Riba RD, Zacharoulis S, Bramley AH, Vincent L, Costa C, et al. VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature. 2005;438(7069):820–7. doi:10.​1038/​nature04186.PubMedCentralPubMed
163.
Zurück zum Zitat Faupel-Badger JM, Arcaro KF, Balkam JJ, Eliassen AH, Hassiotou F, Lebrilla CB, et al. Postpartum remodeling, lactation, and breast cancer risk: summary of a national cancer institute-sponsored workshop. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(3):166–74. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs505.PubMedCentralPubMed Faupel-Badger JM, Arcaro KF, Balkam JJ, Eliassen AH, Hassiotou F, Lebrilla CB, et al. Postpartum remodeling, lactation, and breast cancer risk: summary of a national cancer institute-sponsored workshop. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(3):166–74. doi:10.​1093/​jnci/​djs505.PubMedCentralPubMed
164.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernier MO, Plu-Bureau G, Bossard N, Ayzac L, Thalabard JC. Breastfeeding and risk of breast cancer: a metaanalysis of published studies. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6(4):374–86.PubMed Bernier MO, Plu-Bureau G, Bossard N, Ayzac L, Thalabard JC. Breastfeeding and risk of breast cancer: a metaanalysis of published studies. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6(4):374–86.PubMed
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet. 2002;360(9328):187–95. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09454-0. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet. 2002;360(9328):187–95. doi:10.​1016/​s0140-6736(02)09454-0.
166.
Zurück zum Zitat Michels KB, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Manson JE, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, et al. Prospective assessment of breastfeeding and breast cancer incidence among 89,887 women. Lancet. 1996;347(8999):431–6.PubMed Michels KB, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Manson JE, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, et al. Prospective assessment of breastfeeding and breast cancer incidence among 89,887 women. Lancet. 1996;347(8999):431–6.PubMed
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Jordan I, Hebestreit A, Swai B, Krawinkel MB. Breast cancer risk among women with long-standing lactation and reproductive parameters at low risk level: a case–control study in Northern Tanzania. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;142(1):133–41. doi:10.1007/s10549-010-1255-7.PubMed Jordan I, Hebestreit A, Swai B, Krawinkel MB. Breast cancer risk among women with long-standing lactation and reproductive parameters at low risk level: a case–control study in Northern Tanzania. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;142(1):133–41. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-010-1255-7.PubMed
169.
170.
Zurück zum Zitat Li CI, Beaber EF, Tang MT, Porter PL, Daling JR, Malone KE. Reproductive factors and risk of estrogen receptor positive, triple-negative, and HER2-neu overexpressing breast cancer among women 20–44 years of age. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;137(2):579–87. doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2365-1.PubMedCentralPubMed Li CI, Beaber EF, Tang MT, Porter PL, Daling JR, Malone KE. Reproductive factors and risk of estrogen receptor positive, triple-negative, and HER2-neu overexpressing breast cancer among women 20–44 years of age. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;137(2):579–87. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-012-2365-1.PubMedCentralPubMed
172.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishida T, Yokoe T, Kasumi F, Sakamoto G, Makita M, Tominaga T, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients associated with pregnancy and lactation: analysis of case–control study in Japan. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1992;83(11):1143–9.PubMed Ishida T, Yokoe T, Kasumi F, Sakamoto G, Makita M, Tominaga T, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients associated with pregnancy and lactation: analysis of case–control study in Japan. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1992;83(11):1143–9.PubMed
173.
Zurück zum Zitat Martinez ME, Wertheim BC, Natarajan L, Schwab R, Bondy M, Daneri-Navarro A, et al. Reproductive factors, heterogeneity, and breast tumor subtypes in women of Mexican descent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2013;22(10):1853–61. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0560. Martinez ME, Wertheim BC, Natarajan L, Schwab R, Bondy M, Daneri-Navarro A, et al. Reproductive factors, heterogeneity, and breast tumor subtypes in women of Mexican descent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2013;22(10):1853–61. doi:10.​1158/​1055-9965.​epi-13-0560.
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Gustbee E, Anesten C, Markkula A, Simonsson M, Rose C, Ingvar C, et al. Excessive milk production during breast-feeding prior to breast cancer diagnosis is associated with increased risk for early events. Springerplus. 2013;2(1):298. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-298.PubMedCentralPubMed Gustbee E, Anesten C, Markkula A, Simonsson M, Rose C, Ingvar C, et al. Excessive milk production during breast-feeding prior to breast cancer diagnosis is associated with increased risk for early events. Springerplus. 2013;2(1):298. doi:10.​1186/​2193-1801-2-298.PubMedCentralPubMed
175.
176.
Zurück zum Zitat Wyckoff J, Wang W, Lin EY, Wang Y, Pixley F, Stanley ER, et al. A paracrine loop between tumor cells and macrophages is required for tumor cell migration in mammary tumors. Cancer Res. 2004;64(19):7022–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1449.PubMed Wyckoff J, Wang W, Lin EY, Wang Y, Pixley F, Stanley ER, et al. A paracrine loop between tumor cells and macrophages is required for tumor cell migration in mammary tumors. Cancer Res. 2004;64(19):7022–9. doi:10.​1158/​0008-5472.​CAN-04-1449.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Mammary Gland Involution as an Immunotherapeutic Target for Postpartum Breast Cancer
verfasst von
Jaime Fornetti
Holly A. Martinson
Courtney B. Betts
Traci R. Lyons
Sonali Jindal
Qiuchen Guo
Lisa M. Coussens
Virginia F. Borges
Pepper Schedin
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2014
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia / Ausgabe 2/2014
Print ISSN: 1083-3021
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7039
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-014-9322-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2014

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 2/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Preface

Preface

Umsetzung der POMGAT-Leitlinie läuft

03.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Seit November 2023 gibt es evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zum perioperativen Management bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren (POMGAT) auf S3-Niveau. Vieles wird schon entsprechend der Empfehlungen durchgeführt. Wo es im Alltag noch hapert, zeigt eine Umfrage in einem Klinikverbund.

CUP-Syndrom: Künstliche Intelligenz kann Primärtumor finden

30.04.2024 Künstliche Intelligenz Nachrichten

Krebserkrankungen unbekannten Ursprungs (CUP) sind eine diagnostische Herausforderung. KI-Systeme können Pathologen dabei unterstützen, zytologische Bilder zu interpretieren, um den Primärtumor zu lokalisieren.

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

25.04.2024 Nierenkarzinom Nachrichten

Nun gibt es auch Resultate zum Gesamtüberleben: Eine adjuvante Pembrolizumab-Therapie konnte in einer Phase-3-Studie das Leben von Menschen mit Nierenzellkarzinom deutlich verlängern. Die Sterberate war im Vergleich zu Placebo um 38% geringer.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.