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Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports 10/2015

01.10.2015 | Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes (M Pietropaolo, Section Editor)

Management of Severe Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

verfasst von: Rebecca Schechter, Sirimon Reutrakul

Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports | Ausgabe 10/2015

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Abstract

Managing severe insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) can be challenging for both clinicians and patients. As average weight for patients with T1DM has increased in recent decades, IR in this population has become more widespread. Currently, almost 50 % of patients with T1DM are overweight or obese. While intensive insulin therapy is associated with reduction in complications, aggressive treatment can lead to weight gain. With increasing weight, insulin can become less effective to control glycemia, resulting in higher insulin doses and hence more weight gain. Novel strategies to break this vicious cycle are needed. This review will investigate current research on insulin formulations, lifestyle modification, adjunct therapies, and surgery that may help better manage patients with T1DM and IR.
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45.
Zurück zum Zitat Schimmack G, Defronzo RA, Musi N. AMP-activated protein kinase: role in metabolism and therapeutic implications. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006;8(6):591–602.CrossRefPubMed Schimmack G, Defronzo RA, Musi N. AMP-activated protein kinase: role in metabolism and therapeutic implications. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006;8(6):591–602.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Nadeau KJ, Chow K, Alam S, Lindquist K, Campbell S, McFann K, et al. Effects of low dose metformin in adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16(3):196–203.CrossRefPubMed Nadeau KJ, Chow K, Alam S, Lindquist K, Campbell S, McFann K, et al. Effects of low dose metformin in adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16(3):196–203.CrossRefPubMed
47.•
Zurück zum Zitat Pitocco D, Zaccardi F, Tarzia P, Milo M, Scavone G, Rizzo P, et al. Metformin improves endothelial function in type 1 diabetic subjects: a pilot, placebo-controlled randomized study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(5):427–31. A 6 months randomized-controlled trial was conducted in 42 patients with T1DM to receive metformin or placebo. There was a significant improvement in endothelial dysfunction as measured by flow-mediated dilation, irrespective of glycemic improvement or weight loss. In contrary, PGF2α, a marker of oxidative stress, increased with metformin treatment. Pitocco D, Zaccardi F, Tarzia P, Milo M, Scavone G, Rizzo P, et al. Metformin improves endothelial function in type 1 diabetic subjects: a pilot, placebo-controlled randomized study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(5):427–31. A 6 months randomized-controlled trial was conducted in 42 patients with T1DM to receive metformin or placebo. There was a significant improvement in endothelial dysfunction as measured by flow-mediated dilation, irrespective of glycemic improvement or weight loss. In contrary, PGF2α, a marker of oxidative stress, increased with metformin treatment.
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobsen IB, Henriksen JE, Beck-Nielsen H. The effect of metformin in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes and poor metabolic control. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;105(3):145–9.CrossRefPubMed Jacobsen IB, Henriksen JE, Beck-Nielsen H. The effect of metformin in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes and poor metabolic control. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;105(3):145–9.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Lund SS, Tarnow L, Astrup AS, Hovind P, Jacobsen PK, Alibegovic AC, et al. Effect of adjunct metformin treatment in patients with type-1 diabetes and persistent inadequate glycaemic control. A randomized study. PLoS One. 2008;3(10), e3363.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Lund SS, Tarnow L, Astrup AS, Hovind P, Jacobsen PK, Alibegovic AC, et al. Effect of adjunct metformin treatment in patients with type-1 diabetes and persistent inadequate glycaemic control. A randomized study. PLoS One. 2008;3(10), e3363.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Khan AS, McLoughney CR, Ahmed AB. The effect of metformin on blood glucose control in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2006;23(10):1079–84.CrossRefPubMed Khan AS, McLoughney CR, Ahmed AB. The effect of metformin on blood glucose control in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2006;23(10):1079–84.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Sarnblad S, Kroon M, Aman J. Metformin as additional therapy in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: randomised placebo-controlled trial with aspects on insulin sensitivity. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(4):323–9.CrossRefPubMed Sarnblad S, Kroon M, Aman J. Metformin as additional therapy in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: randomised placebo-controlled trial with aspects on insulin sensitivity. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(4):323–9.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Hamilton J, Cummings E, Zdravkovic V, Finegood D, Daneman D. Metformin as an adjunct therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(1):138–43.CrossRefPubMed Hamilton J, Cummings E, Zdravkovic V, Finegood D, Daneman D. Metformin as an adjunct therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(1):138–43.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Meyer L, Bohme P, Delbachian I, Lehert P, Cugnardey N, Drouin P, et al. The benefits of metformin therapy during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment of type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(12):2153–8.CrossRefPubMed Meyer L, Bohme P, Delbachian I, Lehert P, Cugnardey N, Drouin P, et al. The benefits of metformin therapy during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment of type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(12):2153–8.CrossRefPubMed
54.•
Zurück zum Zitat Liu C, Wu D, Zheng X, Li P, Li L. Efficacy and safety of metformin for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015;17(2):142–8. The most recent meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of metformin use in patients with T1DM from 8 randomized-controlled trials. There were no significant differences between metformin and placebo in HbA1c reduction, fasting glucose or triglycerides levels. Metformin was associated with reduction in total daily insulin dose, body weight, cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels. Gastrointestinal side effects increased but otherwise it was safe as severe hypoglycemia and diabetes ketoacidosis did not increase. Liu C, Wu D, Zheng X, Li P, Li L. Efficacy and safety of metformin for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015;17(2):142–8. The most recent meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of metformin use in patients with T1DM from 8 randomized-controlled trials. There were no significant differences between metformin and placebo in HbA1c reduction, fasting glucose or triglycerides levels. Metformin was associated with reduction in total daily insulin dose, body weight, cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels. Gastrointestinal side effects increased but otherwise it was safe as severe hypoglycemia and diabetes ketoacidosis did not increase.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10 years follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577–89.CrossRefPubMed Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10 years follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577–89.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Lind M, Svensson AM, Rosengren A. Glycemic control and excess mortality in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(9):880–1.PubMed Lind M, Svensson AM, Rosengren A. Glycemic control and excess mortality in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(9):880–1.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Ryan GJ, Jobe LJ, Martin R. Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2005;27(10):1500–12.CrossRefPubMed Ryan GJ, Jobe LJ, Martin R. Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2005;27(10):1500–12.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Weyer C, Maggs DG, Young AA, Kolterman OG. Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control. Curr Pharm Des. 2001;7(14):1353–73.CrossRefPubMed Weyer C, Maggs DG, Young AA, Kolterman OG. Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control. Curr Pharm Des. 2001;7(14):1353–73.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Whitehouse F, Kruger DF, Fineman M, Shen L, Ruggles JA, Maggs DG, et al. A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(4):724–30.CrossRefPubMed Whitehouse F, Kruger DF, Fineman M, Shen L, Ruggles JA, Maggs DG, et al. A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(4):724–30.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Ratner RE, Dickey R, Fineman M, Maggs DG, Shen L, Strobel SA, et al. Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1 year, randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med. 2004;21(11):1204–12.CrossRefPubMed Ratner RE, Dickey R, Fineman M, Maggs DG, Shen L, Strobel SA, et al. Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1 year, randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med. 2004;21(11):1204–12.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Xiang AH, Peters RK, Kjos SL, Marroquin A, Goico J, Ochoa C, et al. Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes. Diabetes. 2006;55(2):517–22.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Xiang AH, Peters RK, Kjos SL, Marroquin A, Goico J, Ochoa C, et al. Effect of pioglitazone on pancreatic beta-cell function and diabetes risk in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes. Diabetes. 2006;55(2):517–22.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Tafuri KS, Godil MA, Lane AH, Wilson TA. Effect of pioglitazone on the course of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013;5(4):236–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Tafuri KS, Godil MA, Lane AH, Wilson TA. Effect of pioglitazone on the course of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013;5(4):236–9.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Zdravkovic V, Hamilton JK, Daneman D, Cummings EA. Pioglitazone as adjunctive therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr. 2006;149(6):845–9.CrossRefPubMed Zdravkovic V, Hamilton JK, Daneman D, Cummings EA. Pioglitazone as adjunctive therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr. 2006;149(6):845–9.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Bhat R, Bhansali A, Bhadada S, Sialy R. Effect of pioglitazone therapy in lean type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;78(3):349–54.CrossRefPubMed Bhat R, Bhansali A, Bhadada S, Sialy R. Effect of pioglitazone therapy in lean type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;78(3):349–54.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Stone ML, Walker JL, Chisholm D, Craig ME, Donaghue KC, Crock P, et al. The addition of rosiglitazone to insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and poor glycaemic control: a randomized-controlled trial. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008;9(4 Pt 1):326–34.CrossRefPubMed Stone ML, Walker JL, Chisholm D, Craig ME, Donaghue KC, Crock P, et al. The addition of rosiglitazone to insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and poor glycaemic control: a randomized-controlled trial. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008;9(4 Pt 1):326–34.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Strowig SM, Raskin P. The effect of rosiglitazone on overweight subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(7):1562–7.CrossRefPubMed Strowig SM, Raskin P. The effect of rosiglitazone on overweight subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(7):1562–7.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1.(0031–9333 (Print)). Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1.(0031–9333 (Print)).
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Zurück zum Zitat Raman VS, Mason KJ, Rodriguez LM, Hassan K, Yu X, Bomgaars L, et al. The role of adjunctive Exenatide therapy in pediatric type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(6):1294–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Raman VS, Mason KJ, Rodriguez LM, Hassan K, Yu X, Bomgaars L, et al. The role of adjunctive Exenatide therapy in pediatric type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(6):1294–6.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Varanasi A, Bellini N, Rawal D, Vora M, Makdissi A, Dhindsa S, et al. Liraglutide as additional treatment for type 1 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(1):77–84.CrossRefPubMed Varanasi A, Bellini N, Rawal D, Vora M, Makdissi A, Dhindsa S, et al. Liraglutide as additional treatment for type 1 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(1):77–84.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Kielgast U, Krarup T, Holst JJ, Madsbad S. Four weeks of treatment with liraglutide reduces insulin dose without loss of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(7):1463–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Kielgast U, Krarup T, Holst JJ, Madsbad S. Four weeks of treatment with liraglutide reduces insulin dose without loss of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(7):1463–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Ellis SL, Moser EG, Snell-Bergeon JK, Rodionova AS, Hazenfield RM, Garg SK. Effect of sitagliptin on glucose control in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot, double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Diabet Med. 2011;28(10):1176–81.CrossRefPubMed Ellis SL, Moser EG, Snell-Bergeon JK, Rodionova AS, Hazenfield RM, Garg SK. Effect of sitagliptin on glucose control in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot, double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Diabet Med. 2011;28(10):1176–81.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Savarese G, Perrone-Filardi P, D’Amore C, Vitale C, Trimarco B, Pani L, et al. Cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2015;181:239–44.CrossRefPubMed Savarese G, Perrone-Filardi P, D’Amore C, Vitale C, Trimarco B, Pani L, et al. Cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2015;181:239–44.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat van de Laar FA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, van de Lisdonk EH, Rutten GE, van Weel C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(1):154–63.CrossRefPubMed van de Laar FA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, van de Lisdonk EH, Rutten GE, van Weel C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(1):154–63.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Neuser D, Benson A, Bruckner A, Goldberg RB, Hoogwerf BJ, Petzinna D. Safety and tolerability of acarbose in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25(9):579–87.CrossRefPubMed Neuser D, Benson A, Bruckner A, Goldberg RB, Hoogwerf BJ, Petzinna D. Safety and tolerability of acarbose in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25(9):579–87.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Dash S, Crisp S, Hartnell S, Donald S, Davenport K, Simmons D, et al. Successful use of acarbose to manage post-prandial glycaemia in two patients with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012;95(3):e49–51.CrossRefPubMed Dash S, Crisp S, Hartnell S, Donald S, Davenport K, Simmons D, et al. Successful use of acarbose to manage post-prandial glycaemia in two patients with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012;95(3):e49–51.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Nagai E, Katsuno T, Miyagawa J, Konishi K, Miuchi M, Ochi F, et al. Effects of miglitol in combination with intensive insulin therapy on blood glucose control with special reference to incretin responses in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J. 2011;58(10):869–77.CrossRefPubMed Nagai E, Katsuno T, Miyagawa J, Konishi K, Miuchi M, Ochi F, et al. Effects of miglitol in combination with intensive insulin therapy on blood glucose control with special reference to incretin responses in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J. 2011;58(10):869–77.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Juntti-Berggren L, Pigon J, Hellstrom P, Holst JJ, Efendic S. Influence of acarbose on post-prandial insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2000;13(1):7–12.PubMed Juntti-Berggren L, Pigon J, Hellstrom P, Holst JJ, Efendic S. Influence of acarbose on post-prandial insulin requirements in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2000;13(1):7–12.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Hollander P, Pi-Sunyer X, Coniff RF. Acarbose in the treatment of type I diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(3):248–53.CrossRefPubMed Hollander P, Pi-Sunyer X, Coniff RF. Acarbose in the treatment of type I diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(3):248–53.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Sels JP, Verdonk HE, Wolffenbuttel BH. Effects of acarbose (glucobay) in persons with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1998;41(2):139–45.CrossRefPubMed Sels JP, Verdonk HE, Wolffenbuttel BH. Effects of acarbose (glucobay) in persons with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1998;41(2):139–45.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Riccardi G, Giacco R, Parillo M, Turco S, Rivellese AA, Ventura MR, et al. Efficacy and safety of acarbose in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre study. Diabet Med. 1999;16(3):228–32.CrossRefPubMed Riccardi G, Giacco R, Parillo M, Turco S, Rivellese AA, Ventura MR, et al. Efficacy and safety of acarbose in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre study. Diabet Med. 1999;16(3):228–32.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Lamos EM, Younk LM, Davis SN. Empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014;23(6):875–82.CrossRefPubMed Lamos EM, Younk LM, Davis SN. Empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014;23(6):875–82.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Wilding JP, Woo V, Soler NG, Pahor A, Sugg J, Rohwedder K, et al. Long-term efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving high doses of insulin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(6):405–15.CrossRefPubMed Wilding JP, Woo V, Soler NG, Pahor A, Sugg J, Rohwedder K, et al. Long-term efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving high doses of insulin: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(6):405–15.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Henry RR, Rosenstock J, Edelman S, Mudaliar S, Chalamandaris AG, Kasichayanula S, et al. Exploring the potential of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in type 1 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(3):412–9. A short, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study that evaluated the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in T1DM. Dose-related reductions in 24-h glucose levels, glycemic variability and insulin dose were suggested.CrossRefPubMed Henry RR, Rosenstock J, Edelman S, Mudaliar S, Chalamandaris AG, Kasichayanula S, et al. Exploring the potential of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in type 1 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(3):412–9. A short, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study that evaluated the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in T1DM. Dose-related reductions in 24-h glucose levels, glycemic variability and insulin dose were suggested.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkins BA, Cherney DZ, Partridge H, Soleymanlou N, Tschirhart H, Zinman B, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: results of an 8 weeks open-label proof-of-concept trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1480–3.CrossRefPubMed Perkins BA, Cherney DZ, Partridge H, Soleymanlou N, Tschirhart H, Zinman B, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: results of an 8 weeks open-label proof-of-concept trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1480–3.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Powell DR, Smith M, Greer J, Harris A, Zhao S, DaCosta C, et al. LX4211 increases serum glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY levels by reducing sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1)-mediated absorption of intestinal glucose. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013;345(2):250–9.CrossRefPubMed Powell DR, Smith M, Greer J, Harris A, Zhao S, DaCosta C, et al. LX4211 increases serum glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY levels by reducing sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1)-mediated absorption of intestinal glucose. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013;345(2):250–9.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Sands AT, Zambrowicz BP, Rosenstock J, Lapuerta P, Bode BW, Garg SK, et al. Sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitor, as adjunct therapy to insulin in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(7):1181–8.CrossRefPubMed Sands AT, Zambrowicz BP, Rosenstock J, Lapuerta P, Bode BW, Garg SK, et al. Sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitor, as adjunct therapy to insulin in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(7):1181–8.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Acerini CL, Dunger DB. Insulin-like growth factor-I for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2000;2(6):335–43.CrossRefPubMed Acerini CL, Dunger DB. Insulin-like growth factor-I for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2000;2(6):335–43.CrossRefPubMed
90.•
Zurück zum Zitat Acerini CL, Patton CM, Savage MO, Kernell A, Westphal O, Dunger DB. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I plus intensive insulin therapy in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 1997;350(9086):1199–204. A randomized-controlled trial of rhIGF-1 in 53 adolescent patients with T1DMfor 24 weeks. HbA1c reduction was 0.6 % at 12 weeks but was not sustained at 24 weeks. Greater HbA1c reduction was seen in those with higher IGF-1 levels. No advrese effects on retinal changes, urine albumin secretion, or renal function were seen. Acerini CL, Patton CM, Savage MO, Kernell A, Westphal O, Dunger DB. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I plus intensive insulin therapy in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 1997;350(9086):1199–204. A randomized-controlled trial of rhIGF-1 in 53 adolescent patients with T1DMfor 24 weeks. HbA1c reduction was 0.6 % at 12 weeks but was not sustained at 24 weeks. Greater HbA1c reduction was seen in those with higher IGF-1 levels. No advrese effects on retinal changes, urine albumin secretion, or renal function were seen.
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Thrailkill KM, Quattrin T, Baker L, Kuntze JE, Compton PG, Martha Jr PM. Cotherapy with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I and insulin improves glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. RhIGF-I in IDDM study group. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(4):585–92.CrossRefPubMed Thrailkill KM, Quattrin T, Baker L, Kuntze JE, Compton PG, Martha Jr PM. Cotherapy with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I and insulin improves glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. RhIGF-I in IDDM study group. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(4):585–92.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Cheetham TD, Jones J, Taylor AM, Holly J, Matthews DR, Dunger DB. The effects of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I administration on growth hormone levels and insulin requirements in adolescents with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1993;36(7):678–81.CrossRefPubMed Cheetham TD, Jones J, Taylor AM, Holly J, Matthews DR, Dunger DB. The effects of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I administration on growth hormone levels and insulin requirements in adolescents with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1993;36(7):678–81.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Saukkonen T, Amin R, Williams RM, Fox C, Yuen KC, White MA, et al. Dose-dependent effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF binding protein-3 complex on overnight growth hormone secretion and insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(9):4634–41.CrossRefPubMed Saukkonen T, Amin R, Williams RM, Fox C, Yuen KC, White MA, et al. Dose-dependent effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF binding protein-3 complex on overnight growth hormone secretion and insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(9):4634–41.CrossRefPubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Clemmons DR, Moses AC, McKay MJ, Sommer A, Rosen DM, Ruckle J. The combination of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 reduces insulin requirements in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes: evidence for in vivo biological activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(4):1518–24.PubMed Clemmons DR, Moses AC, McKay MJ, Sommer A, Rosen DM, Ruckle J. The combination of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 reduces insulin requirements in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes: evidence for in vivo biological activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(4):1518–24.PubMed
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Zurück zum Zitat Thankamony A, Tossavainen PH, Sleigh A, Acerini C, Elleri D, Dalton RN, et al. Short-term administration of pegvisomant improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduces Soleus muscle intramyocellular lipid content in young adults with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(2):639–47. A study explored the benefits of pegvisomant, a GH receptor antagonist, in 10 patients with T1DM for 4 weeks. This resulted in lower IGF-1 levels, reduced insulin requirements and glucose production rates during the overnight euglycemic steady state, suggesting an improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. Thankamony A, Tossavainen PH, Sleigh A, Acerini C, Elleri D, Dalton RN, et al. Short-term administration of pegvisomant improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduces Soleus muscle intramyocellular lipid content in young adults with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(2):639–47. A study explored the benefits of pegvisomant, a GH receptor antagonist, in 10 patients with T1DM for 4 weeks. This resulted in lower IGF-1 levels, reduced insulin requirements and glucose production rates during the overnight euglycemic steady state, suggesting an improved hepatic insulin sensitivity.
96.
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Metadaten
Titel
Management of Severe Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
verfasst von
Rebecca Schechter
Sirimon Reutrakul
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Diabetes Reports / Ausgabe 10/2015
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Elektronische ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0641-2

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