Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Hepatology Reports 3/2017

01.09.2017 | Management of the Cirrhotic Patient (A Cardenas and N Reau, Section Editors)

MELD-Na: Does This Leave Anyone Behind?

verfasst von: Tenzin Choden, Rohit Satoskar

Erschienen in: Current Hepatology Reports | Ausgabe 3/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This article reviews the historical evolution of the current deceased donor liver allocation and distribution policy in the USA and describes the continued efforts to address limitations within our current allocation system.

Recent Findings

Due to the finding that hyponatremia is an independent predictor of mortality, since January 2016, the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)-Na score incorporating serum sodium is now used for patients with MELD score <11. MELD exception points allocation continues to be a challenging prospect in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); new changes include a “delay and cap” policy implemented in 2015 but consideration of other HCC-specific MELD scores are being explored. In order to address the significant differences in non-standardized MELD exception points being granted from different regional review boards, a national review board is being proposed.

Summary

Despite efforts to address limitations in our current liver allocation system through policy changes targeted at reducing waitlist mortality and disparities, there continues to be significant differences on how these policies are implemented on a regional level, prompting the proposal for a national review board.
Literatur
1.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Starzl TE, Klintmalm GB, Porter KA, Iwatsuki S, Schröter GP. Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporin a and prednisone. N Engl J Med. 1981;305(5):266–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Starzl TE, Klintmalm GB, Porter KA, Iwatsuki S, Schröter GP. Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporin a and prednisone. N Engl J Med. 1981;305(5):266–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiesner R, Lake JR, Freeman RB, Gish RG. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception guidelines. Liver Transpl. 2006;12(12 Suppl 3):S85–7.CrossRefPubMed Wiesner R, Lake JR, Freeman RB, Gish RG. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception guidelines. Liver Transpl. 2006;12(12 Suppl 3):S85–7.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(1):91–6.CrossRefPubMed Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(1):91–6.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Freeman R, Edwards E. Liver transplant waiting time does not correlate with waiting list mortality: implications for liver allocation policy. Liver Transpl. 2000;6:543–52.CrossRefPubMed Freeman R, Edwards E. Liver transplant waiting time does not correlate with waiting list mortality: implications for liver allocation policy. Liver Transpl. 2000;6:543–52.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen E, Schlichting P, Fauerholdt L, et al. Prognostic value of Child-Turcotte criteria in medically treated cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1984;4(3):430–5.CrossRefPubMed Christensen E, Schlichting P, Fauerholdt L, et al. Prognostic value of Child-Turcotte criteria in medically treated cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1984;4(3):430–5.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamath PS, Kim WR. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). Hepatology. 2007;45(3):797–805.CrossRefPubMed Kamath PS, Kim WR. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). Hepatology. 2007;45(3):797–805.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, Peine CJ, Rank J, terBorg PL. A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatology. 2000;31:864–71.CrossRefPubMed Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, Peine CJ, Rank J, terBorg PL. A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatology. 2000;31:864–71.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2001;33(2):464–70.CrossRefPubMed Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2001;33(2):464–70.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Salerno F, Merli M, Cazzaniga M, et al. MELD score is better than Child-Pugh score in predicting 3-month survival of patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Hepatol. 2002;36(4):494–500.CrossRefPubMed Salerno F, Merli M, Cazzaniga M, et al. MELD score is better than Child-Pugh score in predicting 3-month survival of patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Hepatol. 2002;36(4):494–500.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiesner RH, Mcdiarmid SV, Kamath PS, et al. MELD and PELD: application of survival models to liver allocation. Liver Transpl. 2001;7(7):567–80.CrossRefPubMed Wiesner RH, Mcdiarmid SV, Kamath PS, et al. MELD and PELD: application of survival models to liver allocation. Liver Transpl. 2001;7(7):567–80.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy SS, Civan JM. From Child-Pugh to model for end-stage liver disease: deciding who needs a liver transplant. Med Clin North Am. 2016;100(3):449–64.CrossRefPubMed Reddy SS, Civan JM. From Child-Pugh to model for end-stage liver disease: deciding who needs a liver transplant. Med Clin North Am. 2016;100(3):449–64.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown RS, Rush SH, Rosen HR, et al. Liver and intestine transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2004;4(Suppl9):81–92.CrossRefPubMed Brown RS, Rush SH, Rosen HR, et al. Liver and intestine transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2004;4(Suppl9):81–92.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Freeman RB, Wiesner RH, Edwards E, et al. Results of the first year of the new liver allocation plan. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:7–15.CrossRefPubMed Freeman RB, Wiesner RH, Edwards E, et al. Results of the first year of the new liver allocation plan. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:7–15.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Freeman RB, Harper A, Edwards EB. Excellent liver transplant survival rates under the MELD/PELD system. Transplant Proc. 2005;37:585–8.CrossRefPubMed Freeman RB, Harper A, Edwards EB. Excellent liver transplant survival rates under the MELD/PELD system. Transplant Proc. 2005;37:585–8.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Tuluvath PJ, Guidinger MK, Funk JJ, et al. Liver transplantation in the United States, 1999-2008. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:1003–19.CrossRef Tuluvath PJ, Guidinger MK, Funk JJ, et al. Liver transplantation in the United States, 1999-2008. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:1003–19.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Heuman DM, Abou-Assi SG, Habib A, et al. Persistent ascites and low serum sodium identify patients with cirrhosis and low MELD scores who are at high risk for early death. Hepatology. 2004;40:802–10.CrossRefPubMed Heuman DM, Abou-Assi SG, Habib A, et al. Persistent ascites and low serum sodium identify patients with cirrhosis and low MELD scores who are at high risk for early death. Hepatology. 2004;40:802–10.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Biggins SW, Rodriguez HJ, Bachetti P, et al. Serum sodium predicts mortality in patients listed for liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2005;41:32–9.CrossRefPubMed Biggins SW, Rodriguez HJ, Bachetti P, et al. Serum sodium predicts mortality in patients listed for liver transplantation. Hepatology. 2005;41:32–9.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Angeli P, Wong F, Watson H, et al. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: results of a patient population survey. Hepatology. 2006;44:1532–42.CrossRef Angeli P, Wong F, Watson H, et al. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: results of a patient population survey. Hepatology. 2006;44:1532–42.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Londono MC, Cardenas A, Guevara M, et al. MELD score and serum sodium in the prediction of survival of patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. Gut. 2007;56:1283–90.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Londono MC, Cardenas A, Guevara M, et al. MELD score and serum sodium in the prediction of survival of patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. Gut. 2007;56:1283–90.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Biggins SW, Kim WR, Terrault NA, et al. Evidence-based incorporation of serum sodium concentration into MELD. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1652–60.CrossRefPubMed Biggins SW, Kim WR, Terrault NA, et al. Evidence-based incorporation of serum sodium concentration into MELD. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1652–60.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong VW, Chim AM, Wong GL, et al. Performance of the new MELD-Na score in predicting 3-month and 1-year mortality in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:1228–35.CrossRefPubMed Wong VW, Chim AM, Wong GL, et al. Performance of the new MELD-Na score in predicting 3-month and 1-year mortality in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:1228–35.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu CY, Lin HC, Huang YH, et al. Comparison of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), MELD-Na and MELDNa for outcome prediction in patients with acute decompensated hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42(2):137–42.CrossRefPubMed Hsu CY, Lin HC, Huang YH, et al. Comparison of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), MELD-Na and MELDNa for outcome prediction in patients with acute decompensated hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42(2):137–42.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmed R, Santhanam P, Rayyan Y. MELD-Na as a prognostic indicator of 30- and 90-day mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease after creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(10):1226–7.CrossRefPubMed Ahmed R, Santhanam P, Rayyan Y. MELD-Na as a prognostic indicator of 30- and 90-day mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease after creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(10):1226–7.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Guy J, Sumsouk M, Shiboski S, et al. New model for end-stage liver disease improves prognostic capability, after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:1236–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Guy J, Sumsouk M, Shiboski S, et al. New model for end-stage liver disease improves prognostic capability, after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:1236–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Huo TI, Lin HC, Hsia CY, et al. The MELD-Na is an independent short- and long-term prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective survey. Dig Liver Dis. 2008;40(11):882–9.CrossRefPubMed Huo TI, Lin HC, Hsia CY, et al. The MELD-Na is an independent short- and long-term prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective survey. Dig Liver Dis. 2008;40(11):882–9.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim WR, Biggins SW, Kremers WK, et al. Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1018–26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kim WR, Biggins SW, Kremers WK, et al. Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1018–26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Machicao VI. Model for end-stage liver disease-sodium score: the evolution in the prioritization of liver transplantation. Clin Liver Dis. 2017;21(2):275–87.CrossRefPubMed Machicao VI. Model for end-stage liver disease-sodium score: the evolution in the prioritization of liver transplantation. Clin Liver Dis. 2017;21(2):275–87.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Porte RJ, Lisman T, Tripodi A, et al. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) in the MELD score: problems and solutions. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:995–1000.CrossRef Porte RJ, Lisman T, Tripodi A, et al. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) in the MELD score: problems and solutions. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:995–1000.CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Trotter JF, Brimhall B, Arjal R, et al. Specific laboratory methodologies achieve higher model for endstage liver disease (MELD) scores for patients listed for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:1349–53.CrossRef Trotter JF, Brimhall B, Arjal R, et al. Specific laboratory methodologies achieve higher model for endstage liver disease (MELD) scores for patients listed for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:1349–53.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Moylan CA, Brady CW, Johnson JL, et al. Disparities in liver transplantation before and after introduction of the MELD score. JAMA. 2008;300:2371–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Moylan CA, Brady CW, Johnson JL, et al. Disparities in liver transplantation before and after introduction of the MELD score. JAMA. 2008;300:2371–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Cholongitas E, Marelli L, Kerry A, et al. Female liver transplant recipients with the same GFR as male recipients have lower MELD scores—a systematic bias. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:685–92.CrossRefPubMed Cholongitas E, Marelli L, Kerry A, et al. Female liver transplant recipients with the same GFR as male recipients have lower MELD scores—a systematic bias. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:685–92.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldberg D, French B, Newcomb C, et al. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have highest rates of wait-listing for liver transplantation among patients with end-stage liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(11):1638–46. e2 CrossRefPubMed Goldberg D, French B, Newcomb C, et al. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have highest rates of wait-listing for liver transplantation among patients with end-stage liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(11):1638–46. e2 CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Deising A, Satoskar R. MELD: which patients fall through the cracks? Curr Hepatology Rep. 2014;13:60–73.CrossRef Deising A, Satoskar R. MELD: which patients fall through the cracks? Curr Hepatology Rep. 2014;13:60–73.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Yao FY, Bass NM, Nikolai B, et al. A follow-up analysis of the pattern and predictors of dropout from the waiting list for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for the current organ allocation policy. Liver Transpl. 2003;9(7):684–92.CrossRefPubMed Yao FY, Bass NM, Nikolai B, et al. A follow-up analysis of the pattern and predictors of dropout from the waiting list for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for the current organ allocation policy. Liver Transpl. 2003;9(7):684–92.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldberg D, French B, Abt P, Feng S, Cameron AM. Increasing disparity in waitlist mortality rates with increased model for end-stage liver disease scores for candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma versus candidates without hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2012;18(4):434–43.CrossRefPubMed Goldberg D, French B, Abt P, Feng S, Cameron AM. Increasing disparity in waitlist mortality rates with increased model for end-stage liver disease scores for candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma versus candidates without hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2012;18(4):434–43.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Marvin MR, Ferguson N, Cannon RM, Jones CM, Brock GN. MELDEQ: an alternative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(5):612–22.CrossRefPubMed Marvin MR, Ferguson N, Cannon RM, Jones CM, Brock GN. MELDEQ: an alternative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(5):612–22.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Heimbach JK, Hirose R, Stock PG, et al. Delayed hepatocellular carcinoma model for end-stage liver disease exception score improves disparity in access to liver transplant in the United States. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1643–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Heimbach JK, Hirose R, Stock PG, et al. Delayed hepatocellular carcinoma model for end-stage liver disease exception score improves disparity in access to liver transplant in the United States. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1643–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Toso C, Majno P, Berney T, Morel P, Mentha G, Combescure C. Validation of a dropout assessment model of candidates with/without hepatocellular carcinoma on a common liver transplant waiting list. Transpl Int. 2014;27(7):686–95.CrossRefPubMed Toso C, Majno P, Berney T, Morel P, Mentha G, Combescure C. Validation of a dropout assessment model of candidates with/without hepatocellular carcinoma on a common liver transplant waiting list. Transpl Int. 2014;27(7):686–95.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Alver SK, Lorenz DJ, Washburn K, Marvin MR, Brock GN. Comparison of two equivalent MELD scores for hepatocellular carcinoma patients using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing liver transplant waiting list registry. Transpl Int. 2017; doi:10.1111/tri.12967 Alver SK, Lorenz DJ, Washburn K, Marvin MR, Brock GN. Comparison of two equivalent MELD scores for hepatocellular carcinoma patients using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing liver transplant waiting list registry. Transpl Int. 2017; doi:10.​1111/​tri.​12967
44.
Zurück zum Zitat • Alver SK, Lorenz DJ, Marvin MR, Brock GN. Projected outcomes of 6-month delay in exception points versus an equivalent Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score for hepatocellular carcinoma liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl. 2016;22(10):1343–55. This study compares the recent 6-month delay in granting MELD exception points for HCC and an HCC-specific scoring scheme (MELDEQ) on 6-month and beyond waitlist dropout as well as post-transplant survival. CrossRefPubMed • Alver SK, Lorenz DJ, Marvin MR, Brock GN. Projected outcomes of 6-month delay in exception points versus an equivalent Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score for hepatocellular carcinoma liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl. 2016;22(10):1343–55. This study compares the recent 6-month delay in granting MELD exception points for HCC and an HCC-specific scoring scheme (MELDEQ) on 6-month and beyond waitlist dropout as well as post-transplant survival. CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat • Bittermann T, Niu B, Hoteit MA, Goldberg D. Waitlist priority for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria: a potentially appropriate decision without a structured approach. Am J Transplant. 2014;14(1):79–87. This study reviews all non-standardized HCC applications that underwent formal regional review board evaluations and compared post-transplant outcomes between candidates within Milan criteria, within UCSF criteria, or beyond UCSF criteria. CrossRefPubMed • Bittermann T, Niu B, Hoteit MA, Goldberg D. Waitlist priority for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria: a potentially appropriate decision without a structured approach. Am J Transplant. 2014;14(1):79–87. This study reviews all non-standardized HCC applications that underwent formal regional review board evaluations and compared post-transplant outcomes between candidates within Milan criteria, within UCSF criteria, or beyond UCSF criteria. CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Thuluvath PJ, Guidinger MK, Fung JJ, Johnson LB, Rayhill SC, Pelletier SJ. Liver transplantation in the United States, 1999-2008. Am J Transplant. 2010;10(4 Pt 2):1003–19.CrossRefPubMed Thuluvath PJ, Guidinger MK, Fung JJ, Johnson LB, Rayhill SC, Pelletier SJ. Liver transplantation in the United States, 1999-2008. Am J Transplant. 2010;10(4 Pt 2):1003–19.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Gish RG, Wong RJ, Honerkamp-smith G, Xu R, Osorio RW. United Network for Organ Sharing regional variations in appeal denial rates with non-standard model for end-stage liver disease/pediatric end-stage liver disease exceptions: support for a national review board. Clin Transpl. 2015;29(6):513–22.CrossRef Gish RG, Wong RJ, Honerkamp-smith G, Xu R, Osorio RW. United Network for Organ Sharing regional variations in appeal denial rates with non-standard model for end-stage liver disease/pediatric end-stage liver disease exceptions: support for a national review board. Clin Transpl. 2015;29(6):513–22.CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Doshi SD, Bittermann T, Schiano TD, Goldberg DS. Waitlisted candidates with polycystic liver disease are more likely to be transplanted than those with chronic liver failure. Transplantation. 2017; doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000001711 Doshi SD, Bittermann T, Schiano TD, Goldberg DS. Waitlisted candidates with polycystic liver disease are more likely to be transplanted than those with chronic liver failure. Transplantation. 2017; doi:10.​1097/​TP.​0000000000001711​
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhanji RA, Carey EJ, Yang L, Watt KD. The long winding road to transplant: how sarcopenia and debility impact morbidity and mortality on the waitlist. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2017.04.004 Bhanji RA, Carey EJ, Yang L, Watt KD. The long winding road to transplant: how sarcopenia and debility impact morbidity and mortality on the waitlist. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; doi:10.​1016/​j.​cgh.​2017.​04.​004
53.
Zurück zum Zitat • Golse N, Bucur PO, Ciacio O, et al. A new definition of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2017;23(2):143–54. This study seeks to define the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and use this definition to assess 1- and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenia. CrossRefPubMed • Golse N, Bucur PO, Ciacio O, et al. A new definition of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2017;23(2):143–54. This study seeks to define the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and use this definition to assess 1- and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenia. CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Montano-loza AJ, Duarte-rojo A, Meza-junco J, et al. Inclusion of sarcopenia within MELD (MELD-sarcopenia) and the prediction of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015;6:e102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Montano-loza AJ, Duarte-rojo A, Meza-junco J, et al. Inclusion of sarcopenia within MELD (MELD-sarcopenia) and the prediction of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015;6:e102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Lai JC, Feng S, Terrault NA, Lizaola B, Hayssen H, Covinsky K. Frailty predicts waitlist mortality in liver transplant candidates. Am J Transplant. 2014;14(8):1870–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lai JC, Feng S, Terrault NA, Lizaola B, Hayssen H, Covinsky K. Frailty predicts waitlist mortality in liver transplant candidates. Am J Transplant. 2014;14(8):1870–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Lai JC, Covinsky KE, Dodge JL, et al. Development of a novel frailty index to predict mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2017; doi:10.1002/hep.29219. This study created a new frailty index for cirrhotic patients and compared this index to MELD-Na for prediction of waitlist mortality, showing improved risk prediction. •• Lai JC, Covinsky KE, Dodge JL, et al. Development of a novel frailty index to predict mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2017; doi:10.​1002/​hep.​29219. This study created a new frailty index for cirrhotic patients and compared this index to MELD-Na for prediction of waitlist mortality, showing improved risk prediction.
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Bambha KM, Dodge JL, Gralla J, Sprague D, Biggins SW. Low, rather than high, body mass index confers increased risk for post-liver transplant death and graft loss: risk modulated by model for end-stage liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(10):1286–94.CrossRefPubMed Bambha KM, Dodge JL, Gralla J, Sprague D, Biggins SW. Low, rather than high, body mass index confers increased risk for post-liver transplant death and graft loss: risk modulated by model for end-stage liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(10):1286–94.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
MELD-Na: Does This Leave Anyone Behind?
verfasst von
Tenzin Choden
Rohit Satoskar
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Hepatology Reports / Ausgabe 3/2017
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-9595
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11901-017-0356-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2017

Current Hepatology Reports 3/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Hepatitis C (J Ahn and A Aronsohn, Section Editors)

Next-Generation Direct-Acting Antiviral Drug-Based Regimens for Hepatitis C

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.