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European Journal of Applied Physiology

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31.08.2020 | Original Article

Muscle temperature kinetics and thermoregulatory responses to 42 °C hot-water immersion in healthy males and females

verfasst von: Patrick Rodrigues, Gabriel S. Trajano, Lee Wharton, Geoffrey M. Minett

Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Ausgabe 12/2020

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Abstract

Purpose

To determine the vastus lateralis muscle temperature kinetics during and after passive heating, to exam the effect of sex on thermoregulatory responses, and the thermal safety and tolerance of the 42 °C hot-water immersion protocol.

Methods

Thirty participants (15 males, 15 females) underwent a 2 h 42 ºC hot-water immersion to the waist level. Vastus lateralis, rectal and skin temperature, thermal sensation, heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were measured during the passive heating and recovery period. Participant recovery was monitored until muscle temperature returned to baseline.

Results

Vastus lateralis temperature increased to a maximal value of 39.0 ± 0.11 °C (P < 0.001), reaching a plateau after ~ 83.5 min of hot-water immersion and returning to baseline after ~ 115.8 min of recovery. Despite the anthropometric differences between males and females (e.g., height, body mass, body fat %, and fat thickness; P < 0.05), thermoregulatory responses showed no differences between sexes (P > 0.05). No change was found in systolic BP (~ 117 mmHg; P = 0.061). Peak rectal temperature (38.8 ± 0.14 °C; P < 0.001), heart rate (~ 100 bpm; P < 0.001), and diastolic BP (↓ ~ 13 mmHg; P < 0.001) during the hot-water immersion indicated the safety of the protocol. While skin temperature (~ 35.4 °C; P < 0.001) and thermal sensation (~ 5.95 AU; P < 0.001) confirmed protocol tolerance.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate lower-body 42 °C hot-water immersion to increase vastus lateralis temperature and plateau ~ 2.8 °C above baseline. This amplitude of muscle temperature change aligns with reported cellular adaptation and muscle growth. Thermal strain incurred from this protocol appears safe and tolerable, positioning it well for health-related prescription.

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Titel: Muscle temperature kinetics and thermoregulatory responses to 42 °C hot-water immersion in healthy males and females
verfasst von: Patrick Rodrigues
Gabriel S. Trajano
Lee Wharton
Geoffrey M. Minett
Publikationsdatum: 31.08.2020
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Ausgabe 12/2020
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Elektronische ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04482-7

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