Background
Methods
EDS and hypermobility syndrome
Psychiatric disorders
Study participants
Statistical analyses
Results
EDS vs. comparison individuals
EDS individuals (n = 1,771) | Matched comparison individuals (n = 17,710) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) |
n (%) | RR (95 % CI) | RRa (95 % CI) | |
Autism spectrum disorder | 52 (2.9) | 72 (0.4) |
7.4 (5.2–10.7)
|
8.4 (5.7–12.4)
|
Bipolar disorder | 15 (0.9) | 56 (0.3) |
2.7 (1.5–4.7)
|
2.6 (1.4–4.7)
|
ADHD | 76 (4.3) | 144 (0.8) |
5.6 (4.2–7.4)
|
5.8 (4.3–7.9)
|
Depression | 197 (11.1) | 643 (3.6) |
3.4 (2.9–4.1)
|
3.5 (2.9–4.2)
|
Suicide attempt | 96 (5.4) | 464 (2.6) |
2.1 (1.7–2.7)
|
2.1 (1.6–2.6)
|
Suicide | 2 (0.1) | 6 (0.03) | 3.3 (0.7–16.5) | 2.9 (0.6–14.4) |
Schizophrenia | 3 (0.2) | 38 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2–2.6) | 0.6 (0.1–2.5) |
EDS siblings vs. comparison siblings
Hypermobility syndrome vs. comparison individuals
Hypermobility syndrome siblings vs. comparison siblings
Sensitivity analyses
EDS siblings (n = 1,722) | Comparison siblings (n = 16,920) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) |
n (%) | RR (95 % CI) | RRa (95 % CI) | |
Autism spectrum disorder | 10 (0.6) | 56 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.9–3.4) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) |
Bipolar disorder | 7 (0.5) | 69 (0.4) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.9 (0.4–2–0) |
ADHD | 26 (1.5) | 123 (0.7) |
2.1 (1.4–3.3)
|
2.1 (1.4–3.3)
|
Depression | 72 (4.2) | 492 (2.9) |
1.5 (1.1–1.8)
|
1.4 (1.1–1.8)
|
Suicide attempt | 66 (3.8) | 364 (2.1) |
1.8 (1.4–2.3)
|
1.8 (1.4–2.3)
|
Suicide | 10 (0.6) | 44 (0.3) |
2.1 (1.2–3.9)
|
2.3 (1.3–4.1)
|
Schizophrenia | 7 (0.4) | 54 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) |
Hypermobility syndrome individuals (n = 10,019) | Matched comparison individuals (n = 100,190) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) |
n (%) | RR (95 % CI) | RRa (95 % CI) | |
Autism spectrum disorder | 161 (1.6) | 1,186 (1.2) |
1.4 (1.1–1.6)
|
1.3 (1.1–1.6)
|
Bipolar disorder | 42 (0.4) | 296 (0.3) |
1.4 (1.1–2.0)
| 1.4 (0.9–1.9) |
ADHD | 301 (3.0) | 546 (0.5) |
5.8 (5.0–6.7)
|
5.5 (4.8–6.4)
|
Depression | 696 (7.0) | 3,180 (3.2) |
2.3 (2.1–2.5)
|
2.3 (2.1–2.5)
|
Suicide attempt | 423 (4.2) | 2,121 (2.2) |
2.1 (1.8–2.3)
|
2.0 (1.8–2.3)
|
Suicide | 6 (0.1) | 3 (0.05) | 1.8 (0.8–4.4) | 1.9 (0.7–5.0) |
Schizophrenia | 11 (0.1) | 159 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) |
Hypermobility syndrome siblings (n = 11,082) | Comparison siblings (n = 108,772) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) |
n (%) | RR (95 % CI) | RRa (95 % CI) | |
Autism spectrum disorder | 66 (0.6) | 500 (0.5) |
1.3 (1.1–1.7)
|
1.3 (1.1–1.7)
|
Bipolar disorder | 31 (0.3) | 269 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) |
ADHD | 124 (1.1) | 966 (0.9) |
1.3 (1.1–1.5)
|
1.3 (1.1–1.5)
|
Depression | 343 (3.1) | 2,788 (2.6) |
1.2 (1.1–1.3)
|
1.2 (1.1–1.3)
|
Suicide attempt | 270 (2.4) | 2,182 (2.0) |
1.2 (1.1–1.4)
|
1.2 (1.1–1.4)
|
Suicide | 29 (0.3) | 230 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) |
Schizophrenia | 26 (0.2) | 184 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) |