Introduction
Materials and methods
Neuropsychological tests
Statistical analysis
Results
Sample | Percentage | |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
F | 22 | 51.2 |
M | 21 | 48.8 |
Education | ||
Primary | 21 | 48.8 |
Lower secondary | 14 | 32.6 |
Upper secondary | 8 | 18.6 |
Diagnosis | ||
LIPOMA | 22 | 51.2 |
MMC+LMMC | 21 | 48.8 |
Hydrocephalus | ||
No | 27 | 62.8 |
Yes | 16 | 37.2 |
VP shunt | ||
No | 29 | 67.4 |
Yes | 14 | 32.6 |
Gait | ||
Autonomous | 26 | 60.5 |
Tutor | 9 | 20.9 |
Wheelchair | 8 | 18.6 |
Mean | Std. dev. | |
Age | 10.72 | 3.065 |
Barthel Index | 14.91 | 5.079 |
Mean | Std. dev. | |
---|---|---|
WISC-IV QI | 88.83 | 19.088 |
Verbal Comprehension Index | 96.58 | 16.783 |
Perceptual Reasoning | 88.37 | 20.121 |
Working Memory | 83.56 | 18.593 |
Processing Speed Index | 90.93 | 17.667 |
CBCL | ||
Internalizing problems | 58.65 | 8.144 |
Externalizing problems | 49.81 | 7.346 |
Total problems | 50.23 | 8.106 |
LEITER | ||
Attention sustained | 5.83 | 3.263 |
Gait | Autonomous | Wheelchair | Tutor | p-value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean | Std. dev. | n | Mean | Std. dev. | n | Mean | Std. dev. | ||
Age | 26 | 10.4 | 3.0 | 8 | 12.8 | 2.6 | 9 | 9.8 | 3.2 | 0.087 |
Barthel Index autonomia | 26 | 17.1 | 3.1 | 8 | 8.3 | 4.6 | 9 | 14.6 | 5.1 | 0.001 |
WISC-IV QI | 26 | 92.2 | 14.1 | 7 | 75.9 | 22.9 | 9 | 89.3 | 25.8 | 0.251 |
Verbal Comprehension Index | 26 | 98.5 | 11.9 | 8 | 89.0 | 22.7 | 9 | 97.7 | 22.6 | 0.719 |
Perceptual Reasoning | 26 | 93.0 | 15.5 | 8 | 70.6 | 25.1 | 9 | 90.8 | 20.8 | 0.054 |
Working Memory | 26 | 87.4 | 15.7 | 8 | 73.0 | 17.1 | 9 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 0.176 |
Processing Speed Index | 26 | 95.8 | 12.8 | 8 | 75.5 | 19.0 | 9 | 90.6 | 22.3 | 0.027 |
CBCL | ||||||||||
Internalizing problems | 26 | 58.8 | 8.6 | 8 | 57.4 | 6.0 | 9 | 59.2 | 9.1 | 0.782 |
Externalizing problems | 26 | 50.2 | 8.4 | 8 | 49.3 | 5.5 | 9 | 49.3 | 5.9 | 0.948 |
Total problems | 26 | 50.3 | 9.0 | 8 | 48.9 | 4.8 | 9 | 51.3 | 8.2 | 0.865 |
LEITER | ||||||||||
Attention sustained | 26 | 6.6 | 3.0 | 7 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 8 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 0.079 |
Lipoma | LMMC and MMC | p-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean | Std. dev. | n | Mean | Std. dev. | ||
Age | 22.0 | 10.4 | 2.8 | 21.0 | 11.1 | 3.4 | 0.501 |
Barthel Index autonomia | 22.0 | 16.4 | 4.0 | 21.0 | 13.3 | 5.7 | 0.072 |
WISC-IV QI | 22.0 | 98.0 | 15.7 | 20.0 | 78.7 | 17.6 | 0.001 |
Verbal Comprehension Index | 22.0 | 102.5 | 14.0 | 21.0 | 90.4 | 17.6 | 0.063 |
Perceptual Reasoning | 22.0 | 99.2 | 16.9 | 21.0 | 77.0 | 16.9 | <0.0005 |
Working Memory | 22.0 | 90.7 | 16.0 | 21.0 | 76.0 | 18.5 | 0.010 |
Processing Speed Index | 22.0 | 99.8 | 13.3 | 21.0 | 81.6 | 17.1 | 0.001 |
CBCL | |||||||
Internalizing problems | 22.0 | 58.7 | 8.8 | 21.0 | 58.6 | 7.6 | 0.903 |
Externalizing problems | 22.0 | 50.5 | 8.5 | 21.0 | 49.0 | 6.1 | 0.557 |
Total problems | 22.0 | 50.6 | 8.8 | 21.0 | 49.9 | 7.5 | 0.826 |
LEITER attention sustained | 22.0 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 19.0 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 0.024 |
Without hydrocephalus | With hydrocephalus | p-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean | Std. dev. | n | Mean | Std. dev. | ||
Age | 26 | 10.3 | 2.8 | 16 | 11.7 | 3.3 | 0.167 |
Barthel Index autonomia | 26 | 16.6 | 3.7 | 16 | 12.0 | 5.9 | 0.010 |
WISC-IV QI | 26 | 96.7 | 15.2 | 15 | 75.7 | 18.7 | 0.001 |
Verbal Comprehension Index | 26 | 102.8 | 13.3 | 16 | 86.6 | 17.9 | 0.008 |
Perceptual Reasoning | 26 | 96.8 | 16.6 | 16 | 75.1 | 18.9 | 0.001 |
Working Memory | 26 | 90.7 | 15.4 | 16 | 72.5 | 18.7 | 0.003 |
Processing Speed Index | 26 | 97.7 | 13.6 | 16 | 80.2 | 19.1 | 0.003 |
CBCL | |||||||
Internalizing problems | 26 | 58.0 | 9.0 | 16 | 59.6 | 7.1 | 0.622 |
Externalizing problems | 26 | 50.0 | 7.9 | 16 | 49.0 | 6.3 | 0.845 |
Total problems | 26 | 50.1 | 8.5 | 16 | 50.3 | 7.9 | 0.917 |
LEITER attention sustained | 26 | 6.6 | 3.1 | 14 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 0.023 |
With hydrocephalus | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autonomous | Wheelchair | Tutor | p-value | |||||||
n | Mean | Std. dev. | n | Mean | Std. dev. | n | Mean | Std. dev. | ||
Age | 3 | 13.7 | 2.1 | 6 | 12.5 | 3.0 | 7 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 0.3 |
Barthel Index autonomia | 3 | 15.7 | 2.1 | 6 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 7 | 14.7 | 5.9 | 0.0 |
WISC-IV QI | 3 | 79.7 | 8.5 | 5 | 64.4 | 14.6 | 7 | 82.1 | 22.2 | 0.2 |
Verbal Comprehension Index | 3 | 86.7 | 8.3 | 6 | 81.7 | 21.5 | 7 | 90.7 | 18.6 | 0.6 |
Perceptual Reasoning | 3 | 84.0 | 9.5 | 6 | 58.3 | 12.1 | 7 | 85.7 | 17.0 | 0.0 |
Working Memory | 3 | 75.0 | 11.4 | 6 | 68.5 | 16.4 | 7 | 74.9 | 24.1 | 0.8 |
Processing Speed Index | 3 | 92.0 | 9.2 | 6 | 66.3 | 10.0 | 7 | 87.0 | 22.1 | 0.0 |
CBCL | ||||||||||
Internalizing problems | 3 | 59.7 | 11.0 | 6 | 57.7 | 6.9 | 7 | 61.1 | 6.3 | 0.6 |
Externalizing problems | 3 | 44.3 | 9.6 | 6 | 50.0 | 4.5 | 7 | 50.1 | 6.2 | 0.6 |
Total problems | 3 | 47.0 | 14.4 | 6 | 48.7 | 4.9 | 7 | 53.1 | 7.1 | 0.6 |
LEITER attention sustained | 3 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 6 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 0.0 |