Introduction
Methods
Subjects
Study design
Supplementation
Training
Measurement of results
Anthropometric data
Cardiopulmonary endurance performance
Data collection and reduction
Statistical analysis
Results
The combination of exercise and NMN does not change body mass or alter body composition
total | control Group | Lower Dosage | Medium Dosage | High Dosage | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 35.6 (6.1) | 36.1 (6.0) | 37.0 (5.7) | 35.5 (6.1) | 33.5 (6.6) | 0.54 |
Exercise years (years) | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.7 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.3) | 0.94 |
Height (cm) | 168.4 (6.1) | 171.7 (6.3) | 166.9 (5.1) | 169.0 (6.2) | 166.3 (6.3) | 0.14 |
Body mass (kg) | 62.5 (8.6) | 64.9 (8.1) | 62.0 (8.7) | 62.5 (11.3) | 60.7 (6.1) | 0.69 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.0 (2.6) | 22.0 (2.6) | 22.3 (3.2) | 21.8 (2.9) | 21.9 (1.6) | 0.17 |
FFM (kg) | 52.0 (7.5) | 53.4 (7.2) | 52.2 (7.1) | 52.5 (8.4) | 50.0 (7.5) | 0.16 |
Body fat % | 16.7 (6.7) | 17.8 (5.7) | 15.5 (6.4) | 15.7 (6.6) | 17.8 (8.4) | 0.97 |
VO2max ((L/min) | 2.48 (0.49) | 2.64 (0.46) | 2.54 (0.52) | 2.43 (0.45) | 2.34 (0.52) | 0.56 |
Control Group | Lower Dosage | Medium Dosage | High Dosage | Time P value | T × D P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∆ body mass (kg) | 0.15 (−0.42, 0.72) | 0.07 (− 0.44, 0.57) | − 0.05 (− 0.78, 0.68) | 0.63 (0.21, 1.04) | 0.13 | 0.27 |
∆ BMI (kg/m2) | 0.05 (−0.14, 0.25) | 0.03 (− 0.15, 0.21) | − 0.02 (− 0.28, 0.24) | 0.23 (0.08, 0.39) | 0.11 | 0.24 |
∆ FFM (kg) | 0.76 (0.17, 1.35) | −0.24 (− 0.95, 0.46) | −0.02 (− 0.72, 0.69) | 0.31 (− 0.23, 0.85) | 0.13 | 0.09 |
∆ body fat (%) | −0.94 (−2.11, 0.24) | 0.47 (− 0.38, 1.31) | 0.03 (− 1.04, 1.08) | 0.16 (− 0.65, 0.96) | 0.74 | 0.16 |
The combination of NMN and exercise increases VT but not VO2max or O2−pulse
control Group | Lower Dosage | Medium Dosage | High Dosage | Time P value | T × D P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∆O2-pulse max (L/min/bpm) | 0.73 (− 0.23, 1.68) | 1.25 (0.23,2.27) | 0.82 (0.07, 1.70) | 1.17 (0.32, 2.02) | < 0.01 | 0.56 |
∆RER max | 0.09 (0.00, 0.18) | −0.02 (− 0.07, 0.07) | 0.05 (− 0.16, 0.11) | 0.03 (− 0.08, 0.14) | 0.04 | 0.36 |
∆
(L/min) | 0.18 (0.02, 0.36) | 0.23 (0.09,0.37) | 0.26 (1.74, 0.35) | 0.32 (0.20, 0.43) | < 0.01 | 0.48 |
∆ Peak power (Mets) | 0.72 (−0.04, 1.49) | 1.05 (0.45,1.65) | 1.18 (0.78, 1.58) | 1.45 (0.86, 2.06) | < 0.01 | 0.31 |
∆Peak workload (W) | 10.9 (−2.47, 24.24) | 11.25 (−0.43, 22.93) | 13.58 (5.44, 21.7) | 13.93 (8.92, 18.95) | < 0.01 | 0.58 |
∆HR@VT1 (bpm) | 5.8& (0.3, , 11.4) | 5.2& (1.1, 9.2) | 12.8 (7.8, 17.8) | 16.0 (10.4, 21.5) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
∆O2-pulse @VT1 (L/min/bpm) | 0.55 (−0.37, 1.46) | 1.17 (0.71,1.62) | 0.92 (0.17, 2.20) | 2.00 (1.23, 2.77) | < 0.01 | 0.10 |
∆
@VT1 (L/min) | 0.17#& (0.09, 0.24) | 0.24& (0.18,0.30) | 0.33 (0.25, 0.41) | 0.47 (0.34, 0.60) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
∆Power @AVT1 (Mets) | 0.69#& (0.35, 1.03) | 1.06& (0.80,1.31) | 1.41& (1.02, 1.79) | 2.13 (1.56, 2.69) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
∆%
@VT1 (%) | 2.1& (−0.85, 1.49) | 3.5& (0.05,7.00) | 6.5 (3.62, 9.43) | 10.3 (7.61,13.05) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
∆HR@VT2 (bpm) | 5.6 (1.9, 9.4) | 6.7 (3.2, 10.2) | 10.8 (4.5, 17.2) | 12.4 (4.4, 20.5) | < 0.01 | 0.23 |
∆O2-pulse @VT2 (L/min/bpm) | 0.55 (−0.37, 1.47) | 1.58 (0.95,2.22) | 0.50 (0.04, 1.91) | 1.67 (0.72, 2.62) | < 0.01 | 0.16 |
∆
@VT2 (L/min) | 0.20 (0.03, 1.49) | 0.39 (0.26,0.52) | 0.33 (0.22, 0.44) | 0.44 (0.29, 0.58) | < 0.01 | 0.06 |
∆ Power @VT2 (Mets) | 0.78 (0.07, 1.49) | 1.78 (1.20,2.35) | 1.56 (1.00, 2.11) | 2.04 (1.34, 2.73) | < 0.01 | 0.03 |
∆%
@VT2 (%) | 1.55 (−1.75, 4.84) | 6.67 (3.20,10.10) | 4.25 (1.28, 7.22) | 6.58 (3.57, 9.59) | < 0.01 | 0.06 |
∆O2/∆WR slope (ml/min/w) | 0.11 (−0.58, 0.79) | 0.44 (−0.16,1.04) | 0.58 (0.01, 1.16) | 0.69 (0.06, 1.45) | < 0.01 | 0.56 |
Lower VS control | Medium VS control | High VS control | Medium VS Lower | High VS Lower | High VS Medium | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ES (95%CI) | P value | ES (95%CI) | P value | ES (95%CI) | P value | ES (95%CI) | P value | ES (95%CI) | P value | ES (95%CI) | P value | |
VO2@VT1 | 0.61 | 0.16 | 1.45 | <0.01 | 2.62 | <0.01 | 0.83 | 0.05 | 2.03 | <0.01 | 1.20 | 0.01 |
(L/min) | -0.25,1.42 | 0.48,2.30 | 1.43,3.62 | -0.03,1.63 | 0.99,2.93 | 0.30,2.03 | ||||||
%VO2max@VT1 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 0.04 | 1.56 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.19 | 1.22 | 0.01 | 0.69 | 0.10 |
(%) | -0.50,1.15 | 0.00,1.71 | 0.58,2.45 | -0.28,1.34 | 0.31,2.04 | -0.16,1.49 | ||||||
HR@VT1 | 0.1 | 0.81 | 0.86 | 0.05 | 1.19 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.09 | 1.06 | 0.02 | 0.36 | 0.38 |
(bpm) | -0.72,0.92 | -0.02,1.68 | 0.26,2.03 | -0.13,1.52 | 0.17,1.87 | -0.46,1.15 | ||||||
Power @VT1 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 1.15 | 0.01 | 2.30 | <0.01 | 0.58 | 0.16 | 1.74 | <0.01 | 1.17 | 0.01 |
(Mets) | -0.29,1.38 | 0.23,1.99 | 1.18,3.25 | -0.25,1.38 | 0.75,2.61 | 0.27,1.99 | ||||||
Power @VT2 | 0.99 | 0.02 | 0.77 | 0.07 | 1.25 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.59 | 0.26 | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.24 |
(Mets) | 0.09,1.82 | -0.10,1.59 | 0.32,2.09 | -0.59,1.01 | -0.55,1.05 | -0.35,1.27 |
Adverse events
Discussion
Exercise combined with NMN did not change body composition
Exercise combined with NMN increases VT but not VO2max
Dose-dependent relationship
Side effects
Limitations
Conclusion
What are the new findings
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▸The combination of NMN supplementation and exercise further improves ventilatory threshold even among healthy young and middle-aged people.
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▸The improvement of aerobic capacity is in a dosage-dependent, large dosage of NMN with exercise has better effects.
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▸The improvement is muscle, not cardiac, related.
How might impact on clinical practice in the near future
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▸NMN as adjunct treatment may help to improve performance during exercise training.
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▸Exercise training combining with NMN supplementation may be a novel and practical strategy to increase endurance performance of athletes.