Introduction
Case Report 1
Case Report 2
Discussion
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms | Percentage |
---|---|
Periorbital edema | 70 |
Restricted ocular movement | 67 |
Orbital pain | 55 |
Proptosis | 55 |
Periorbital erythrema | 45 |
Chemosis | 42 |
Vision deterioration | 39 |
Purulent discharge | 24 |
Fever | 21 |
Diplopia | 18 |
Facial tenderness | 18 |
Ptosis | 15 |
Face edema | 15 |
Exophtalmos | 15 |
Inability to open an eye | 12 |
An eye mass | 9 |
Vision loss | 9 |
Nausea | 6 |
Facial pain | 6 |
Nasal obstruction | 6 |
Corneal edema | 6 |
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Sequels
Imaging
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Author | Year | Country | Age | Gender | Etiology | Pathogenesis | Treatment | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iwahashi et al. [15] | 2020 | Japan | 69 | Female | Exophiala dermatitidis | Complication of subtendon injection | Surgical debridement within two surgeries, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Linton et al. [13] | 2019 | United Kingdom | 16 | Male | No stated pathogen | Complication of Pott's tumour | Supraorbital approach, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with persistent mild visual acuity |
Wang et al. [14] | 2019 | China | 16 | Female | Streptococcus intermedius | Complication of sinusitis | Ultrasound-guided drainage, irrigation, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Arora et al. [12] | 2018 | India | 22 | Female | No stated pathogen | Complication after tooth extraction by medical fraudster | An incision was given 5 mm below the right lower eyelid, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Rhatigan et al. [9] | 2017 | Ireland | 57 | Male | Staphylococcus aureus | Complication of posterior subtendon injection | Orbitiotomy via lower lid, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Hughes et al. [8] | 2017 | Ireland | 58 | Female | Peptostreptococcus spp. | Complication of severe caries | Abscess drainage via lid crease incision, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Procacci et al | 2017 | Italy | 35 | Male | Negative microbiological tests | Drainage via subcilliar incision, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery | |
Mohammed Saed [11] | 2016 | United Kingdom | 46 | Male | Streptococcus parasinguinis Citrobacter freundii Candida albicans | Traumatic craniofacial fractures | Surgical drainage, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with loss of vision in the left eye |
Strul et al. [16] | 2014 | USA | 60 | Female | Streptococcus spp. | Complication of strabismus surgery | Lateral orbitotomy, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with some restriction in abduction |
Carruth and Wladis [17] | 2012 | USA | 22 | Female | Proteus mirabilis | No stated pathogenesis | Orbitotomy with drainage, capsular excision and tarsorraphy, antibiotic therapy | No stated results |
Two years later | ||||||||
Morganella morganii | Complication of dacryocystytis | Transcaruncular orbitotomy with abscess drainage, antibiotic therapy | No stated results | |||||
Vijayan et al. [18] | 2012 | 45 | Male | Streptococcus spp. | Complication of caries | Surgical drainage, antibiotic therapy | No stated results | |
Kent et al. [3] | 2012 | Canada | 30 | Male | Multibacterial infection (gram-positive cocci and rods, gram-negative rods, and anaerobic organisms) | Complication after porous polyethylene implant placement | Surgical removal of the implant and drainage, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with 3 mm residual enophthalmos |
De Medeiros et al. [19] | 2012 | Brazil | No stated age | Female | Negative microbiological tests | Complication after endodontic treatment | Superior medial palpebral technique and inferior palpebral technique, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Secko et al. [20] | 2012 | USA | 36 | Female | Methycylin resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Complication of conjuctivitis | Surgical drainage, antibiotic therapy | No stated results |
Derr and Shah [21] | 2012 | USA | 57 | Female | Methycylin resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Lower eyelid laceration sequel | Anterior orbitotomy with abscess drainage, antibiotic therapy | No stated results |
Teo et al. [22] | 2011 | Singapore | 40 | Male | Granulicatella Adiacens | Complication of posttraumatic periorbital skin laceration with foreign body | Lateral orbitotomy with abscess drainage and foreign body removal, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with residual proptosis and mild limitation of abduction and adduction |
Coskun et al. [23] | 2011 | Turkey | 45 | Female | Coagulase-negative staphylococcus | Complication of dacryocystytis | Lateral lower lid incision and abscess drainage, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with vision loss |
Hull et al. [24] | 2011 | United Kingdom | 65 | Male | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Immunosupression after kidney transplantation | Endonasal endoscopic drainage of the abscess, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Qi and He [25] | 2010 | China | 68 | Male | Streptococcus Viridans | No known direct cause | Drainage of the orbital abscess and debridement of necrotic periorbital soft tissues, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Sousa et al. [26] | 2009 | Brazil | 20 | Female | No stated pathogen | Complication of facial trauma | Surgical abscess drainage, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Martins et al. [27] | 2009 | Brazil | 39 | Female | Prevotella melaninogenica Peptostreptococcus prevotii | Complication of dacryocystytis | Subcilliary approach, abscess drainage, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Hatton and Durand [28] | 2008 | USA | 60 | Female | Streptococcus anginosis, Eikenella corrodens, Haemophilus paraphrophilus | Complication after surgical canaliculitis treatment | medial left upper eyelid crease incision, abscess drainage, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Ram et al. [29] | 2008 | India | 54 | Female | Negative microbiological tests | Complication of subtendon injection | Antibiotic therapy | Recovery with adjacent conjunctival and corneal scarring |
Kau et al. [30] | 2007 | Taiwan | 74 | Male | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Complication of frontoethmoidal mucopyocele | Nasal endoscopic approach, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Hong et al. [42] | 2006 | Korea | 73 | Female | Propionibacterium acne | Porous Orbital Implant infection | Exenteration, antibiotic therapy | Recovery after exenteration |
Kim et al. [31] | 2007 | Korea | 31 | Male | Streptococcus Viridans | Complication of the periapical abscess of the upper right second and third molars | Antibiotic therapy | Recovery with impaired visual acuity |
Aydin et al. [32] | 2006 | Turkey | 77 | Female | No pathogen stated | No stated direct cause | Surgical drainage, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Sakkas et al. [33] | 2005 | Germany | 21 | Male | Streptococcus intermedius | Complication of wisdom tooth extraction | Surgical incision in four quadrants with abscess drainage, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with vision loss |
Engelman et al. [34] | 2004 | USA | 90 | Female | Staphylococcus aureus | Complication of subtendon injection | Fine-needle aspiration of pus, drainage placement, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Zacharaides et al. [35] | 2004 | Greece | 38 | Male | Streptococcus constellatus | Complication of second maxillary molar extraction | Drainage of abscess via Caldwell-Luc approach, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with vision loss |
Irvine and McNab [36] | 2002 | Australia | 80 | Female | Staphylococcus aureus | Complication after phacoemulsification cataract surgery | Drainage via anterior orbitotomy, antibiotic therapy | Recovery with impaired vision acuity |
Ataullah and Sloan [37] | 2002 | New Zealand | 60 | Female | Streptococcus spp. | Complication of dacryocystytis | Abscess drainage via lower lid incision, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Lebowitz el al. [38] | 2001 | USA | 69 | Male | Pseudomonas stutzeri | Late complication of trabeculectomy | Enucleation, antibiotic therapy | Recovery after enucleation |
Papesch and Philpott [39] | 2000 | United Kingdom | 17 | Male | Haemophilus spp, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp | Complication of periorbital lacerations | Surgical drainage, antibiotic therapy | Complete recovery |
Outcomes
Author | Year | Country | No cases |
---|---|---|---|
Van der Veer [7] | 2016 | Netherlands | 4 |
Gavriel et al. [59] | 2010 | Israel | 3 |
Pushker et al. [43] | 2009 | India | 4 |
Maheshwari et al. [44] | 2009 | India | 6 |
Eviatar et al. [60] | 2009 | Israel | 3 |
De Silva et al. [58] | 2007 | United Kingdom | 2 |
Kikkawa et al. [45] | 2002 | USA | 4 |
Suneetha et al. [47] | 2000 | India | 13 |