Background
Main text
Staging and prognosis
Strategies for isolating and enriching CSCs
Surface marker | The distinctive feature of these cells | References |
---|---|---|
CD133+ | Higher clonogenic and proliferative potentials recapitulate the tumor characteristics in NOD/SCID mice | |
CD44+ | Targeting CD44 by siRNA induced cell death and decreased the tumor | [35] |
CD44+/CD117+ | Recapitulate the original tumor in vivo | |
CD44+/MyD88+ | Presented stem-like characteristics, including constitutive NF-κB activity, high capacity for tumor reconstitution, resistance to chemotherapeutics ability to recapitulate the tumor in vivo and | [37] |
CD44+/E-cadherin−/CD34− | Participate in neovascularization shorter tumor-free period in vivo and increased | [38] |
CD44+/CD24+/EpCAM+ CD44+/CD24− | migration and invasion characteristics in vitro differentiation potential and drug resistance accompanied by higher invasion ability | [39] [40] |
Cancer stem cells and chemo resistance
Targeted therapy of ovarian cancer stem cells
Signaling pathways and targeted therapy
Targeted Pathway/s | Substance | Cancer/s type | Result/s | Clinical state |
---|---|---|---|---|
WNT | PRI-724 | colon cancer | apoptosis induction | Experimental |
WNT | LGK974 | breast cancer, melanoma, pancreas cancer | determine the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended dose for expansion, characterize the safety and tolerability, and assess preliminary antitumor activity | Phase 1 |
WNT | Ipafricept | Pancreas, ovarian cancers | determination of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) | Phase 1a/1b |
SHH | Cyclopamine | ovarian cell lines, EX2, TOV112D, OV90, SKOV3 | decreased spheroid formation | Experimental |
SHH | Vismodegib | Basal tumor | Prevent metastatic cells | phase 1 |
SHH | Sonidegib | Basal Cell Carcinoma | Prevent metastasis | FDA Approved |
SHH, PTCH | 5E1 antibody | motor neuron | SMO inhibitors | Experimental |
SHH | GDC-0449 | ovarian cancer | SMO inhibitors | phase 2 |
NOTCH | Ƴ-secretase inhibitor, Cisplatin | ovarian cancer | increased chemo-sensitivity and decreased CSCs numbers | Experimental |
NOTCH | Anti Jagged1 | Taxane-resistant cell line | Docetaxel sensitivity and decreased tumor weight | Experimental |
NOTCH | cediranib maleate | breast cancer, malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, high grade glioma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer | determine the tolerability, maximum tolerated dose and safety profile of RO4929097 | phase 1 |
NOTCH | Ƴ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 | metastatic melanoma | Increased progression-free survival and 1-year overall survival rate | phase 1 |
NOTCH | Ƴ-secretase inhibitor of LY900009 | ovarian cancer | inhibited plasma levels of amyloid-β peptide and inhibition of progression | phase 1 |
NOTCH | monoclonal antibodies against DLL4 | ovarian tumors | increased apoptosis in tumor cells and reduced tumor weights | Experimental |
NOTCH | Enoticumab | ovarian tumors | determine the safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), pharmacokinetics (PK), and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of enoticumab | Experimental |
NOTCH | Demcizumab | ovarian tumors | increased apoptosis in tumor cells | Experimental |
MAPK | Salinomycin | Ovarian cancer | decreased chemo-resistance | Experimental |
MAPK | Salinomycin | OVCAR-3 | decrease the CSCs | Experimental |
EpCAM | Catumaxomab | ovarian malignant ascites patients | Decreases malignancy | phase III |