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Erschienen in: Der Internist 8/2017

17.05.2017 | Gentherapie in der Onkologie | Medizin aktuell

Schwere Hypertriglyzeridämie

Diagnostik und neue Therapieprinzipien

verfasst von: U. Kassner, M. Dippel, Prof. Dr. E. Steinhagen-Thiessen

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 8/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Schwere Hypertriglyzeridämien liegen ab Triglyzerid(TG)-Werten von >885 mg/dl vor. Ursache sind häufig sog. „Large-variant“-Mutationen in Genen, die die Funktion der Lipoproteinlipase (LPL) beeinflussen – insbesondere bei einem Auftreten vor dem 40. Lebensjahr. Grundsätzlich sind sekundäre Faktoren diagnostisch auszuschließen oder entsprechend zu behandeln, bevor eine weitere molekulargenetische Diagnostik durchgeführt wird. Klinisch fast immer typisch sind rezidivierende, zum Teil starke abdominale Schmerzen, die sich zu einer akuten Pankreatitis entwickeln können, der wichtigsten und in manchen Fällen lebensgefährlichen Komplikation. Zur Minimierung des Pankreatitisrisikos ist ein TG-Wert <1000 mg/dl anzustreben. Andere Symptome, die ebenfalls auftreten können und reversibel sind, sind eruptive Xanthome, Lipaemia retinalis, Hepatosplenomegalie, Dyspnoe und neurokognitive Einschränkungen. Die Hyperchylomikronämie führt zu einer Hyperviskosität des Blutes, was als Ursache für einige der obigen Symptome gesehen wird. Milde bis moderate Hypertriglyzeridämien gehen mit einer Erhöhung des kardiovaskulären Risikos einher, dessen Senkung das primäre Therapieziel ist. Die Grundlage der Therapie bilden eine lebenslange, streng fett- und kohlenhydratreduzierte Diät und Alkoholkarenz. Omega‑3-Fettsäuren und Fibrate werden zur TG-Senkung eingesetzt. Neue gentherapeutische Ansätze stehen seit Kurzem in Deutschland für Patienten mit LPL-Defizienz zur Verfügung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schwere Hypertriglyzeridämie
Diagnostik und neue Therapieprinzipien
verfasst von
U. Kassner
M. Dippel
Prof. Dr. E. Steinhagen-Thiessen
Publikationsdatum
17.05.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 8/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-017-0234-z

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