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Erschienen in: Herz 4/2010

01.06.2010 | Schwerpunkt/CME

Patientenversorgung in der akuten Phase der stressinduzierten Kardiomyopathie (Tako-Tsubo-Kardiomyopathie) – und danach?

verfasst von: Dr. V. Kurowski, P.W. Radke, H. Schunkert, C. Burgdorf

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 4/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prognose der Patienten mit Tako-Tsubo-Kardiomyopathie (TTC) wird im Allgemeinen als gut angesehen. Dennoch treten vornehmlich in der Akutphase der Erkrankung häufig Komplikationen auf, die ein lückenloses Monitoring von Rhythmus und Hämodynamik rechtfertigen und eine konsequente Therapie auf einer Intensivstation erfordern. Typische Komplikationen bei TTC sind der kardiogene Schock, die Obstruktion des linksventrikulären Ausflusstrakts (LVOT), zuweilen mit begleitender akuter Mitralinsuffizienz, ventrikuläre Rhythmusstörungen, vornehmlich Torsade-de-Pointes-Tachykardien bei TTC-assoziierter Verlängerung des QT-Intervalls, linksventrikuläre Thrombusbildung mit oder ohne Thromboembolien sowie die linksventrikuläre Ruptur. Neben der die Diagnose sichernden Koronarangiographie sollten regelmäßige echokardiographische Folgeuntersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Eine standardisierte Behandlung ist für die TTC bislang nicht etabliert. Empfehlungen für die Akuttherapie beinhalten die Gabe von Anxiolytika bei Vorliegen eines emotionalen Stressors, die konsequente Behandlung physischer Stressoren (z. B. Schmerzen oder Atemwegsobstruktion) und den weitgehenden Verzicht auf die Verabreichung von Katecholaminen. Ein Schockzustand infolge einer Obstruktion des LVOT erfordert die Gabe von Volumen und β-Blockern. Mit Blick auf die Möglichkeit der Entwicklung von Torsade-de-Pointes-Tachykardien sollten Medikamente mit QT-Intervall-verlängernder Wirkung nicht gegeben werden. Das nicht seltene Auftreten kardialer Thromben rechtfertigt eine therapeutische Antikoagulation. Systematische Untersuchungen und Therapieempfehlungen zur Prophylaxe eines Rezidivs liegen nicht vor. Die in letzter Zeit beobachtete Assoziation der TTC mit malignen Erkrankungen sollte Anlass zur Durchführung einer Tumorsuche und nachfolgender Vorsorgeuntersuchungen bei den betroffenen Patienten sein.
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Metadaten
Titel
Patientenversorgung in der akuten Phase der stressinduzierten Kardiomyopathie (Tako-Tsubo-Kardiomyopathie) – und danach?
verfasst von
Dr. V. Kurowski
P.W. Radke
H. Schunkert
C. Burgdorf
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2010
Verlag
Urban and Vogel
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 4/2010
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-010-3349-8

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