Background
Perceived stress
Social support
Methods
Data source and collection
Measures
Outcomes
Independent variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Retention and follow up
Baseline characteristics
Near limit abortion (ref) n = 413 | First trimester abortionan = 254 | Parenting turnawayan = 146 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% |
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| |
Demographics
| ||||||
Age (mean, SD)b (n = 813) | 24.9 |
5.9
| 25.9* |
5.7
| 23.4** |
5.5
|
Gestational age in weeks (mean, SD) (n = 813) | 19.7 |
4.1
| 7.6*** |
2.3
| 23.1*** |
3.4
|
Race/ethnicity (n = 813) | * | |||||
Ehite
| 32 |
132
| 39 |
99
| 24 |
35
|
Black
| 32 |
131
| 32 |
80
| 34 |
50
|
Hispanic/Latina
| 21 |
87
| 21 |
54
| 29 |
42
|
Other
| 15 |
63
| 8 |
21
| 13 |
19
|
Household composition (n = 813) | * | * | ||||
No other adult
| 30 |
122
| 36 |
92
| 20 |
29
|
Male partner
| 24 |
99
| 30 |
77
| 20 |
29
|
Adult relative
| 38 |
255
| 26 |
66
| 49 |
71
|
Non-adult relative
| 9 |
37
| 8 |
20
| 12 |
17
|
Parity (n = 813) | ** | |||||
Nulliparous
| 33 |
604
| 35 |
403
| 48 |
303
|
Baby under 1
| 12 |
228
| 11 |
126
| 6 |
39
|
1+ previous births, no new baby
| 25 |
432
| 20 |
213
| 17 |
116
|
2+ previous births, no new baby
| 30 |
537
| 34 |
373
| 29 |
176
|
Mother's Highest Level of Education (n = 813) | ** | |||||
<high school
| 12 |
51
| 20 |
52
| 14 |
21
|
High school or GED
| 36 |
148
| 36 |
91
| 35 |
51
|
Associate’s, some college, tech school
| 19 |
80
| 14 |
35
| 21 |
30
|
College
| 22 |
92
| 24 |
62
| 19 |
28
|
Missing
| 10 |
42
| 6 |
14
| 11 |
16
|
School/working status (n = 813) | * | + | ||||
Not in school or employed
| 32 |
132
| 23 |
58
| 38 |
55
|
In school
| 14 |
57
| 13 |
34
| 21 |
30
|
Employed
| 40 |
167
| 42 |
105
| 30 |
44
|
In school and employed
| 14 |
57
| 22 |
56
| 12 |
17
|
Mental health (n = 813) | ||||||
History of depression | 19 |
77
| 25+ |
63
| 15 |
22
|
History of anxiety | 15 |
62
| 16 |
41
| 12 |
18
|
Stressors (n = 813) | ||||||
History of child abuse/neglect | 26 |
108
| 28 |
71
| 25 |
37
|
Experienced violence in past year | 23 | 95 | 24 | 60 | 16+ | 23 |
Was strongly affected by at least one stressful life event | 33 |
138
| 36 |
92
| 30 |
44
|
Caretaker to sick relative | 7 |
30
| 5 |
12
| 9 |
13
|
Has any type of chronic pain | 34 |
139
| 39 |
99
| 39 |
57
|
Poor self-rated physical health | 18 |
76
| 20 |
51
| 17 |
25
|
Perceived stress
Coefficient | 95% conf. interval | ||
---|---|---|---|
Study group
| |||
Near Limit Abortion Group | ref | ref | ref |
First Trimester Abortion Group | -0.57* | -1.13 | -0.01 |
Parenting Turnaway Group | 1.02** | 0.34 | 1.69 |
Time
| |||
Months | -0.08 | -0.16 | 0.00 |
Months2
| 0.002 | -0.005 | 0.008 |
Months3
| 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Study group by time interactions
| |||
First trimester x months | 0.10 | -0.03 | 0.23 |
First trimester x months2
| -0.004 | -0.014 | 0.006 |
First trimester x months3
| 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Parenting turnaway x months | -0.31*** | -0.46 | -0.15 |
Parenting turnaway x months2
| 0.02*** | 0.01 | 0.04 |
Parenting turnaway x months3
| -0.001*** | -0.001 | 0.000 |
Covariates
| |||
Age | 0.126 | -0.01 | 0.06 |
Race/ethnicity | |||
White
| ref | ref | ref |
Black
| 0.114 | -0.08 | 0.80 |
Hispanic/Latina
| 0.660 | -0.38 | 0.61 |
Other
| 0.666 | -0.68 | 0.44 |
Household composition | |||
No other adult
| ref | ref | ref |
Male partner
| 0.041 | -0.93 | -0.02 |
Adult relative
| 0.197 | -0.77 | 0.16 |
Non-adult relative
| 0.099 | -1.16 | 0.10 |
Parity | |||
Nulliparous
| ref | ref | ref |
Baby under 1
| 0.036 | 0.04 | 1.23 |
1+ previous births, no new baby
| 0.353 | -0.24 | 0.68 |
2+ previous births, no new baby
| 0.900 | -0.52 | 0.45 |
Mother's highest level of education | |||
<high school
| ref | ref | ref |
High school or GED
| 0.443 | -0.72 | 0.31 |
Associate’s, some college, tech school
| 0.905 | -0.62 | 0.55 |
College
| 0.098 | -1.03 | 0.09 |
Missing
| 0.942 | -0.68 | 0.73 |
School/working status | |||
Not in school or employed
| ref | ref | ref |
In school
| 0.019 | -1.18 | -0.11 |
Employed
| <0.001 | -1.14 | -0.32 |
In school and employed
| 0.020 | -1.17 | -0.10 |
History of depression | <0.001 | 1.29 | 2.15 |
Experienced violence in past year | 0.001 | 0.30 | 1.13 |
History of child abuse/neglect | 0.001 | 0.25 | 1.04 |
Model constant | 4.74*** | 4.09 | 5.39 |
Emotional social support
Coefficient | 95% conf. interval | ||
---|---|---|---|
Study group
| |||
Near Limit Abortion Group | ref | ref | ref |
First Trimester Abortion Group | -0.04 | -0.13 | 0.05 |
Parenting Turnaway Group | -0.05 | -0.16 | 0.06 |
Time
| |||
Months | 0.003** | 0.001 | 0.005 |
Study group by time interactions
| |||
First trimester x months | 0.001 | -0.002 | 0.004 |
Parenting turnaway x months | 0.001 | -0.003 | 0.005 |
Covariates
| |||
Age | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.00 |
Race/ethnicity | |||
White
| ref | ref | ref |
Black
| -0.21*** | -0.30 | -0.12 |
Hispanic/Latina
| -0.20*** | -0.30 | -0.10 |
Other
| -0.09 | -0.20 | 0.03 |
Household composition | |||
No other adult
| ref | ref | ref |
Male partner
| 0.05 | -0.04 | 0.15 |
Adult relative
| 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.18 |
Non-adult relative
| 0.02 | -0.11 | 0.16 |
Parity | |||
Nulliparous
| ref | ref | ref |
Baby under 1
| -0.08 | -0.20 | 0.05 |
1+ previous births, no new baby
| -0.17* | -0.26 | -0.07 |
2+ previous births, no new baby
| -0.13 | -0.23 | -0.03 |
Mother's highest level of education | |||
<high school
| ref | ref | ref |
High school or GED
| 0.15** | 0.04 | 0.25 |
Associate’s, some college, tech school
| 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.24 |
College
| 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.36 |
Missing
| -0.09 | -0.24 | 0.06 |
In school/working | |||
Not in school or employed
| ref | ref | ref |
In school
| 0.21*** | 0.10 | 0.32 |
Employed
| 0.22*** | 0.14 | 0.30 |
In school and employed
| 0.23*** | 0.12 | 0.33 |
Model constant | 3.19*** | 3.07 | 3.32 |