Background
Theoretical framework
Methods
Procedures
Dependent variable
Independent variables
Mediating and moderating variables
Data analysis
Results
Sample characteristics
Variable |
N
|
Percent
|
Mean
|
SD
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 34.7 | 10.8 | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 306 | 51.3% | ||
Female | 290 | 48.7% | ||
Race | ||||
Black | 249 | 42.5% | ||
White | 244 | 41.6% | ||
Latino | 53 | 9.0% | ||
Bi-racial | 19 | 3.2% | ||
Other | 21 | 3.6% | ||
Lifetime mental health problem history1 | 284 | 48.2% | ||
Past year intimate partner violence | 192 | 36.3% | ||
Past year drug dependence2 | 229 | 49.9% | ||
Fear of neighborhood violence prior to incarceration3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | ||
Perception of level of neighborhood violence prior to incarceration4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | ||
Perceived social capital prior to incarceration5 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
Test of mediating effects
Step and variable |
B
|
S.E.
|
Wald
|
OR
|
p
| Dependent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.35 | 1.02 | 0.13 | |
Gender | −0.45 | 0.20 | 5.74 | 0.64 | 0.02 | |
Fear of neighborhood | 0.24 | 0.11 | 4.67 | 1.27 | 0.03 | |
Constant | −0.19 | 0.47 | 0.16 | 0.83 | 0.69 | |
Step 2a | Mental health problem history | |||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.82 | |
Gender | −1.00 | 0.18 | 31.35 | 0.37 | < 0.001 | |
Fear of neighborhood | 0.37 | 0.11 | 12.33 | 1.45 | < 0.001 | |
Constant | 0.78 | 0.42 | 3.53 | 2.18 | 0.06 | |
Step 3a | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 3.27 | 1.02 | 0.07 | |
Gender | −0.24 | 0.20 | 1.51 | 0.78 | 0.22 | |
Mental health problem history | 0.90 | 0.20 | 20.51 | 2.47 | < 0.001 | |
Constant | −0.71 | 0.47 | 2.29 | 0.49 | 0.13 | |
Step 4a | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 3.12 | 1.02 | 0.08 | |
Gender | −0.30 | 0.21 | 2.11 | 0.74 | 0.15 | |
Fear of neighborhood | 0.17 | 0.11 | 2.32 | 1.19 | 0.13 | |
Mental health problem history | 0.87 | 0.21 | 17.89 | 2.38 | < 0.001 | |
Constant | −0.87 | 0.51 | 2.87 | 0.42 | 0.09 | |
Step 2b | Intimate partner violence | |||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 1.01 | 0.62 | |
Gender | −0.87 | 0.20 | 19.97 | 0.42 | < 0.001 | |
Fear of neighborhood | 0.36 | 0.11 | 11.23 | 1.43 | 0.001 | |
Constant | −0.01 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.98 | |
Step 3b | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 2.14 | 1.02 | 0.14 | |
Gender | −0.21 | 0.21 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.33 | |
Intimate partner violence | 0.81 | 0.21 | 14.49 | 2.25 | < 0.001 | |
Constant | −0.49 | 0.47 | 1.07 | 0.61 | 0.30 | |
Step 4b | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.02 | 1.02 | 0.16 | |
Gender | −0.24 | 0.21 | 1.24 | 0.79 | 0.27 | |
Fear of neighborhood | 0.21 | 0.12 | 3.08 | 1.24 | 0.08 | |
Intimate partner violence | 0.79 | 0.22 | 12.71 | 2.21 | < 0.001 | |
Constant | −0.75 | 0.51 | 2.17 | 0.47 | 0.14 |
Step and variable |
B
|
S.E.
|
Wald
|
OR
|
p
| Dependent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.95 | 1.02 | 0.09 | |
Gender | −0.41 | 0.19 | 4.73 | 0.66 | 0.03 | |
Social capital | −0.43 | 0.20 | 4.51 | 0.65 | 0.03 | |
Constant | 1.16 | 0.65 | 3.22 | 3.20 | 0.07 | |
Step 2 | Mental health problem history | |||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.74 | |
Gender | −1.08 | 0.17 | 38.75 | 0.34 | < 0.001 | |
Social capital | −0.41 | 0.19 | 4.85 | 0.66 | 0.03 | |
Constant | 2.50 | 0.59 | 18.22 | 12.23 | < 0.001 | |
Step 3 | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 3.27 | 1.02 | 0.07 | |
Gender | −0.24 | 0.20 | 1.51 | 0.78 | 0.22 | |
Mental health problem history | 0.90 | 0.20 | 20.51 | 2.47 | < 0.001 | |
Constant | −0.71 | 0.47 | 2.29 | 0.49 | 0.13 | |
Step 4 | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 3.79 | 1.02 | 0.05 | |
Gender | −0.24 | 0.20 | 1.40 | 0.79 | 0.24 | |
Social capital | −0.38 | 0.21 | 3.32 | 0.68 | 0.07 | |
Mental health problem history | 0.85 | 0.20 | 17.95 | 2.34 | < 0.001 | |
Constant | 0.22 | 0.69 | 0.10 | 1.24 | 0.75 |
Test of moderating effects
Test of mediating effects for females and males
Gender | Step and variable | B | S.E. | Wald | OR | p | Dependent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Step 1 | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.60 | 1.01 | 0.44 | ||
Fear of neighborhood | 0.56 | 0.19 | 9.00 | 1.75 | 0.01 | ||
Constant | −1.01 | 0.59 | 2.97 | 0.37 | 0.09 | ||
Step 2a | Mental health problem history | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 1.01 | 0.50 | ||
Fear of neighborhood | 0.53 | 0.18 | 8.83 | 1.71 | 0.01 | ||
Constant | 0.69 | 0.52 | 1.75 | 0.50 | 0.19 | ||
Step 3a | Drug dependence | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.82 | 1.01 | 0.37 | ||
Mental health problem history | 1.13 | 0.29 | 15.52 | 3.08 | < 0.001 | ||
Constant | −0.97 | 0.55 | 3.13 | 0.38 | 0.08 | ||
Step 4a | Drug dependence | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.61 | 1.01 | 0.44 | ||
Fear of neighborhood | 0.48 | 0.19 | 6.47 | 1.61 | 0.01 | ||
Mental health problem history | 1.06 | 0.31 | 11.97 | 2.88 | 0.001 | ||
Constant | −1.55 | 0.63 | 6.07 | 0.21 | 0.01 | ||
Step 2b | Intimate partner violence | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.76 | ||
Fear of neighborhood | 0.52 | 0.16 | 10.88 | 1.68 | < 0.001 | ||
Constant | −1.10 | 0.51 | 4.66 | 0.33 | 0.03 | ||
Step 3b | Drug dependence | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 1.01 | 0.60 | ||
Intimate partner violence | 1.01 | 0.28 | 13.03 | 2.73 | < 0.001 | ||
Constant | −0.57 | 0.52 | 1.18 | 0.57 | 0.28 | ||
Step 4b | Drug dependence | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 1.01 | 0.57 | ||
Fear of neighborhood | 0.45 | 0.19 | 5.35 | 1.56 | 0.02 | ||
Intimate partner violence | 0.93 | 0.30 | 9.45 | 2.54 | 0.002 | ||
Constant | −1.19 | 0.60 | 3.92 | 0.30 | 0.05 |
Gender | Step and variable |
B
|
S.E.
|
Wald
|
OR
|
p
| Dependent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Step 1 | Drug dependence | |||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.30 | ||
Social capital | −0.61 | 0.28 | 4.77 | 0.54 | 0.03 | ||
Constant | 1.24 | 0.85 | 2.12 | 3.46 | 0.15 | ||
Step 2 | Mental health problem history | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 1.01 | 0.57 | ||
Social capital | −0.33 | 0.25 | 1.76 | 0.72 | 0.19 | ||
Constant | 1.06 | 0.76 | 1.94 | 2.90 | 0.16 | ||
Step 3 | Drug dependence | ||||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.82 | 1.01 | 0.37 | ||
Mental health problem history | 1.13 | 0.29 | 15.52 | 3.08 | < 0.001 | ||
Constant | −0.97 | 0.55 | 3.13 | 0.38 | 0.08 | ||
Step 4 | Drug dependence | ||||||
Age | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.13 | 1.02 | 0.29 | ||
Social capital | −0.59 | 0.29 | 4.24 | 0.55 | 0.04 | ||
Mental health problem history | 1.07 | 0.29 | 13.60 | 2.91 | < 0.001 | ||
Constant | 0.49 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 1.63 | 0.59 |