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Erschienen in: Herz 3/2014

01.05.2014 | Schwerpunkt

Perkutane koronare Intervention versus Bypass-Operation bei Patienten mit Diabetes und koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung

Koronarrevaskularisation nach FREEDOM

verfasst von: Dr. R. Dörr, J. Stumpf, J. Dalibor, G. Simonis, S.G. Spitzer

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 3/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Die Frage, ob bei einem Patienten mit einer chronisch stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheit eine koronare Revaskularisation erforderlich ist oder ob alternativ nicht auch eine alleinige optimierte medikamentöse Therapie (OMT) ausreichend sein kann, wird seit der COURAGE- und der BARI-2D-Studie sowohl bei Nichtdiabetikern als auch bei Diabetikern kontrovers diskutiert. Nach unserem heutigen Wissensstand profitiert ein Patient nur dann von einer koronaren Revaskularisation, wenn entweder in einem nicht-invasiven Testverfahren, wie z. B. einer SPECT- oder PET-Myokardszintigraphie, einer Stressechokardiographie oder einer Stressmagnetresonanztomographie, eine relevante Ischämie von mehr als 10% des linksventrikulären Myokards objektiv nachgewiesen werden kann oder wenn invasiv für eine angiographisch nachweisbare Koronarstenose eine pathologische fraktionelle Flussreserve (FFR) unter 0,80 gemessen werden kann. Lässt sich bei einem Patienten mit einer chronisch stabilen koronaren Mehrgefäßerkrankung nicht-invasiv oder invasiv ein gleichartiger relevanter Ischämienachweis objektivieren, stellt sich insbesondere bei Diabetikern die ebenfalls häufig kontrovers diskutierte Frage, ob eine perkutane koronare Intervention (PCI) mit Implantation von „Drug-eluting“-Stents oder eine koronare Bypass-Operation favorisiert werden soll. Die im November 2012 publizierte FREEDOM-Studie (Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease) war vor diesem Hintergrund die erste prospektive randomisierte Studie bei Diabetikern mit einer koronaren Mehrgefäßerkrankung, die nach einem Follow-up von im Mittel 3,8 Jahren trotz einer höheren Rate von Schlaganfällen in der Bypass-operierten Gruppe für einen kombinierten primären Endpunkt aus Tod jeglicher Ursache, nichttödlichem Myokardinfarkt und nichttödlichem Schlaganfall einen signifikanten prognostischen Vorteil zugunsten der Bypass-Operation nachweisen konnte. In den neuen „Guidelines Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases developed with the EASD“ der European Society of Cardiology aus dem Jahre 2013 hat die koronare Bypass-Operation aus diesem Grunde mit dem Grad „Class I, Level of evidence A“ eine Empfehlung für Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus, chronisch stabiler koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung und einem SYNTAX-Score über 22 bekommen. Die Entscheidung für oder gegen eine PCI/Stent-Implantation bzw. eine koronare Bypass-Operation bei einem Diabetiker mit einer chronisch stabilen koronaren Mehrgefäßerkrankung sollte deshalb erst nach einem ausführlichen Aufklärungsgespräch und nach einer eingehenden Erläuterung beider Therapieoptionen gemeinsam mit dem Patienten getroffen werden. In kontroversen Fällen, insbesondere bei einem grenzwertigen SYNTAX-Score um 22, relevanter Komorbidität oder zu erwartenden methodenspezifischen Komplikationsmöglichkeiten sollte statt einer einzeitigen „Ad-hoc“-Intervention im Rahmen der diagnostischen Koronarangiographie ein zweizeitiges Vorgehen mit vorheriger Diskussion beider Therapieoptionen im „Heart Team“, bestehend aus nicht-invasiven Kardiologen, interventionellen Kardiologen und Herzchirurgen, erfolgen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Perkutane koronare Intervention versus Bypass-Operation bei Patienten mit Diabetes und koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung
Koronarrevaskularisation nach FREEDOM
verfasst von
Dr. R. Dörr
J. Stumpf
J. Dalibor
G. Simonis
S.G. Spitzer
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2014
Verlag
Urban & Vogel
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4089-y

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