Background
Methods
Study design, setting and participants
Measures
Personal values in adolescence
Suicidality
Socio-demographics
Sample size calculation
Analysis
Results
Demographic and psychosocial characteristics and prevalence of suicidality
N (%) | Mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|
Age (mean) | 38.10 (7.03) | |
Sex (men) | 1150 (44.3) | |
Married (yes) | 1956 (75.3) | |
Education | ||
Junior high school | 77 (3.0) | |
High school | 512 (19.7) | |
Some college | 908 (34.9) | |
University or higher | 1101 (42.4) | |
Employment | ||
Working | 2014 (77.5) | |
On leave | 60 (2.3) | |
Job seeking or House wife or Students | 559 (20.2) | |
Household Income (per year) | ||
≦2.5 million yen | 176 (6.8) | |
≦5 million yen | 411 (15.8) | |
≦7.5 million yen | 611 (23.5) | |
>7.5 million yen | 825 (31.8) | |
Not known | 575 (22.1) | |
Current or ever smoking (yes) | 1178 (45.3) | |
Drinking alcohol | ||
More than 3 times per week | 877 (33.8) | |
Less than 3 times per week | 1721 (66.2) | |
Living in 15 years old (Poor) | 489 (18.8) | |
Suicidality | ||
Suicidal Ideation over a life time (yes) | 457 (17.6) | |
Suicidal Ideation in the most recent year (yes) | 125 (4.8) | |
Suicidal Planning over a life time (yes) | 144 (5.5) | |
Suicidal Planning in the most recent year (yes) | 40 (1.5) | |
Suicide Attempt over a life time (yes) | 99 (3.8) | |
Suicide Attempt in the most recent year (yes) | 17 (0.7) | |
Value priories 11 values orientations | ||
Avoiding causing trouble | 5.58 (1.36) | |
Positive evaluation | 4.90 (1.39) | |
Belief | 4.84 (1.40) | |
Financial success | 4.22 (1.53) | |
Improving society | 3.77 (1.43) | |
Pursuing one's interest | 5.13 (1.40) | |
Social influence | 3.30 (1.41) | |
Enduring active challenging | 4.51 (1.43) | |
Cherishing family and friends | 5.54 (1.25) | |
Graduating from school | 4.26 (1.67) | |
Stable lifestyle | 4.86 (1.43) | |
Commitment to Values | 26.34 (4.76) |
Personal values in adolescence and suicidal ideation (over a lifetime and in the most recent year), suicidal planning (over a lifetime and in the most recent year), and suicide attempt (over a lifetime and in the most recent year)
Suicidal Ideation (over a life time) | Suicidal Ideation (in the most recent year) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||||||
OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| |
Areas of value priority | ||||||||||||||||||
Avoiding causing trouble | 1.00 | 0.91~1.10 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.92~1.10 | 0.88 | 1.01 | 0.92~1.10 | 0.89 | 1.12 | 0.95~1.32 | 0.18 | 1.13 | 0.96~1.33 | 0.15 | 1.12 | 0.95~1.32 | 0.17 |
Positive evaluation | 1.03 | 0.95~1.12 | 0.49 | 1.03 | 0.95~1.12 | 0.50 | 1.03 | 0.95~1.12 | 0.48 | 1.01 | 0.87~1.17 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 0.87~1.17 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.86~1.16 | 0.99 |
Belief | 1.01 | 0.91 = 1.11 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 0.92~1.11 | 0.87 | 1.01 | 0.92~1.11 | 0.81 | 1.10 | 0.93~1.30 | 0.29 | 1.10 | 0.93~1.30 | 0.29 | 1.11 | 0.93~1.31 | 0.25 |
Financial success | 1.08 | 0.99~1.18 | 0.09 | 1.07 | 0.98~1.17 | 0.12 | 1.06 | 0.97~1.15 | 0.24 | 1.20 | 1.02~1.40 | 0.03* | 1.19 | 1.02~1.40 | 0.03* | 1.16 | 0.99~1.36 | 0.07 |
Improving society | 1.04 | 0.95~1.15 | 0.39 | 1.05 | 0.95~1.16 | 0.30 | 1.06 | 0.96~1.17 | 0.24 | 1.05 | 0.89~1.25 | 0.56 | 1.06 | 0.89~1.25 | 0.52 | 1.07 | 0.90~1.27 | 0.45 |
Pursuing one's interest | 1.08 | 0.98~1.18 | 0.12 | 1.08 | 0.98~1.18 | 0.11 | 1.08 | 0.99~1.19 | 0.09 | 1.17 | 0.98~1.39 | 0.08 | 1.17 | 0.99~1.39 | 0.07 | 1.18 | 0.99~1.40 | 0.06 |
Social influence | 0.93 | 0.85~1.03 | 0.16 | 0.93 | 0.84~1.02 | 0.13 | 0.93 | 0.85~1.02 | 0.14 | 0.91 | 0.77~1.06 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.77~1.06 | 0.22 | 0.91 | 0.77~1.07 | 0.24 |
Enduring active challenging | 0.99 | 0.90~1.09 | 0.81 | 0.98 | 0.89~1.08 | 0.73 | 0.98 | 0.89~1.08 | 0.66 | 1.11 | 0.94~1.31 | 0.23 | 1.09 | 0.93~1.29 | 0.30 | 1.08 | 0.92~1.28 | 0.35 |
Cherishing family and friends | 0.81 | 0.74~0.89 | < 0.01** | 0.81 | 0.74~0.89 | < 0.01** | 0.82 | 0.74~0.90 | <0.01** | 0.75 | 0.64~0.89 | <0.01** | 0.75 | 0.64~0.89 | <0.01** | 0.76 | 0.64~0.89 | <0.01** |
Graduating from school | 0.91 | 0.84~0.98 | 0.02* | 0.91 | 0.84~0.99 | 0.02* | 0.92 | 0.85~1.00 | 0.05 | 0.88 | 0.76~1.01 | 0.06 | 0.88 | 0.76~1.01 | 0.07 | 0.90 | 0.78~1.03 | 0.12 |
Stable lifestyle | 0.97 | 0.88~1.07 | 0.55 | 0.98 | 0.89~1.08 | 0.67 | 0.97 | 0.88~1.07 | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0.76~1.08 | 0.26 | 0.91 | 0.77~1.08 | 0.29 | 0.91 | 0.77~1.08 | 0.29 |
Commitment to values | 1.00 | 0.98~1.03 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.98~1.03 | 0.74 | 1.00 | 0.98~1.03 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.91~1.00 | 0.04* | 0.95 | 0.91~1.00 | 0.04* | 0.95 | 0.91~0.99 | 0.03* |
Suicidal Planning (over a life time) | Suicidal Planning (in the most recent year) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||||||
OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR | 95%CI |
p
| OR | 95%CI |
p
| |
Areas of value priority | ||||||||||||||||||
Avoiding causing trouble | 1.01 | 0.88~1.17 | 0.85 | 1.03 | 0.89~1.19 | 0.74 | 1.02 | 0.88~1.18 | 0.81 | 1.22 | 0.91~1.63 | 0.18 | 1.24 | 0.92~1.66 | 0.16 | 1.24 | 0.92~1.67 | 0.16 |
Positive evaluation | 1.05 | 0.91~1.20 | 0.53 | 1.04 | 0.91~1.20 | 0.55 | 1.04 | 0.90~1.19 | 0.60 | 1.10 | 0.84~1.43 | 0.49 | 1.10 | 0.85~1.43 | 0.48 | 1.08 | 0.83~1.41 | 0.55 |
Belief | 0.93 | 0.80~1.08 | 0.34 | 0.93 | 0.80~1.08 | 0.35 | 0.94 | 0.81~1.10 | 0.44 | 1.01 | 0.77~1.34 | 0.93 | 1.02 | 0.77~1.35 | 0.91 | 1.03 | 0.78~1.36 | 0.86 |
Financial success | 1.18 | 1.02~1.36 | 0.03* | 1.16 | 1.01~1.35 | 0.04* | 1.14 | 0.98~1.32 | 0.08 | 1.34 | 1.02~1.76 | 0.04* | 1.32 | 1.01~1.74 | 0.05 | 1.29 | 0.98~1.69 | 0.07 |
Improving society | 0.98 | 0.84~1.15 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.85~1.17 | 0.96 | 1.01 | 0.86~1.18 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.67~1.21 | 0.48 | 0.92 | 0.68~1.24 | 0.57 | 0.93 | 0.70~1.26 | 0.65 |
Pursuing one's interest | 1.14 | 0.98~1.33 | 0.09 | 1.14 | 0.98~1.33 | 0.09 | 1.16 | 0.99~1.35 | 0.07 | 1.14 | 0.86~1.50 | 0.37 | 1.15 | 0.87~1.51 | 0.34 | 1.16 | 0.87~1.53 | 0.31 |
Social influence | 0.93 | 0.80~1.09 | 0.39 | 0.93 | 0.80~1.08 | 0.34 | 0.93 | 0.80~1.08 | 0.35 | 0.94 | 0.71~1.23 | 0.65 | 0.94 | 0.71~1.23 | 0.63 | 0.94 | 0.71~1.23 | 0.64 |
Enduring active challenging | 0.97 | 0.84~1.13 | 0.73 | 0.97 | 0.83~1.13 | 0.67 | 0.96 | 0.82~1.12 | 0.59 | 1.11 | 0.84~1.47 | 0.45 | 1.08 | 0.82~1.43 | 0.60 | 1.07 | 0.81~1.42 | 0.63 |
Cherishing family and friends | 0.77 | 0.66~0.89 | <0.01** | 0.76 | 0.66~0.88 | < 0.01** | 0.78 | 0.67~0.90 | <0.01** | 0.79 | 0.59~1.04 | 0.09 | 0.78 | 0.59~1.03 | 0.08 | 0.79 | 0.59~1.04 | 0.09 |
Graduating from school | 0.89 | 0.79~1.01 | 0.08 | 0.90 | 0.79~1.02 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 0.81~1.04 | 0.19 | 0.77 | 0.61~0.98 | 0.03* | 0.78 | 0.61~0.99 | 0.04* | 0.80 | 0.63~1.02 | 0.07 |
Stable lifestyle | 0.98 | 0.84~1.15 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 0.85~1.16 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.84~1.14 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 0.75~1.34 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.76~1.37 | 0.88 | 1.01 | 0.76~1.35 | 0.93 |
Commitment to values | 1.03 | 0.99~1.07 | 0.16 | 1.03 | 0.99~1.07 | 0.16 | 1.02 | 0.98~1.07 | 0.24 | 0.94 | 0.87~1.01 | 0.10 | 0.94 | 0.86~1.01 | 0.10 | 0.93 | 0.86~1.01 | 0.07 |
Suicide Attempt (over a life time) | Suicide Attempt (in the most recent year) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||||||
OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| OR§ | 95%CI |
p
| |
Areas of value priority: | ||||||||||||||||||
Avoiding causing trouble | 1.00 | 0.84~1.19 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.84~1.20 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.83~1.19 | 0.95 | 1.31 | 0.82~2.08 | 0.26 | 1.35 | 0.84~2.17 | 0.22 | 1.31 | 0.81~2.13 | 0.27 |
Positive evaluation | 1.05 | 0.88~1.24 | 0.60 | 1.05 | 0.89~1.24 | 0.59 | 1.05 | 0.88~1.24 | 0.60 | 1.28 | 0.85~1.93 | 0.24 | 1.30 | 0.85~1.98 | 0.22 | 1.29 | 0.85~1.97 | 0.23 |
Belief | 1.02 | 0.85~1.22 | 0.86 | 1.02 | 0.85~1.23 | 0.85 | 1.03 | 0.86~1.24 | 0.73 | 1.18 | 0.77~1.82 | 0.44 | 1.22 | 0.79~1.88 | 0.37 | 1.21 | 0.78~1.86 | 0.40 |
Financial success | 1.19 | 1.00~1.42 | 0.05 | 1.18 | 0.99~1.40 | 0.06 | 1.14 | 0.96~1.35 | 0.14 | 1.37 | 0.90~2.07 | 0.15 | 1.35 | 0.89~2.05 | 0.16 | 1.33 | 0.88~2.02 | 0.18 |
Improving society | 0.93 | 0.77~1.12 | 0.42 | 0.94 | 0.78~1.13 | 0.51 | 0.96 | 0.79~1.16 | 0.67 | 0.89 | 0.57~1.39 | 0.60 | 0.91 | 0.58~1.42 | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.59~1.46 | 0.74 |
Pursuing one's interest | 1.00 | 0.83~1.20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.84~1.20 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.84~1.22 | 0.90 | 1.34 | 0.88~2.05 | 0.17 | 1.37 | 0.90~2.08 | 0.15 | 1.38 | 0.90~2.11 | 0.14 |
Social influence | 0.93 | 0.78~1.11 | 0.43 | 0.93 | 0.77~1.11 | 0.40 | 0.93 | 0.78~1.11 | 0.43 | 0.75 | 0.50~1.15 | 0.19 | 0.77 | 0.50~1.16 | 0.21 | 0.77 | 0.50~1.19 | 0.24 |
Enduring active challenging | 1.11 | 0.92~1.33 | 0.28 | 1.10 | 0.92~1.33 | 0.30 | 1.09 | 0.91~1.31 | 0.35 | 0.91 | 0.61~1.38 | 0.66 | 0.85 | 0.55~1.29 | 0.44 | 0.85 | 0.55~1.31 | 0.46 |
Cherishing family and friends | 0.91 | 0.76~1.09 | 0.30 | 0.90 | 0.75~1.08 | 0.28 | 0.92 | 0.77~1.11 | 0.38 | 0.73 | 0.49~1.10 | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.48~1.08 | 0.11 | 0.74 | 0.49~1.11 | 0.15 |
Graduating from school | 0.93 | 0.80~1.08 | 0.34 | 0.93 | 0.80~1.09 | 0.38 | 0.96 | 0.82~1.12 | 0.56 | 0.67 | 0.47~0.96 | 0.03* | 0.68 | 0.47~0.97 | 0.04* | 0.69 | 0.48~1.00 | 0.05 |
Stable lifestyle | 0.98 | 0.81~1.18 | 0.81 | 0.99 | 0.82~1.19 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.81~1.17 | 0.78 | 1.24 | 0.81~1.88 | 0.32 | 1.31 | 0.85~2.03 | 0.23 | 1.28 | 0.83~1.98 | 0.26 |
Commitment to values | 1.05 | 1.00~1.10 | 0.07 | 1.05 | 1.00~1.10 | 0.08 | 1.04 | 0.99~1.09 | 0.15 | 0.94 | 0.84~1.06 | 0.32 | 0.94 | 0.83~1.06 | 0.30 | 0.94 | 0.83~1.06 | 0.28 |