Introduction
Method
Search strategy
Information sources
Eligibility criteria
Study selection and data abstraction
Quality assessment
Analysis
Results
Included studies
Objective 1: characteristics associated with PTG
Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paper Number
a
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
14
|
7
|
37
|
Sample Size
| 121 | 121 | 121 | 34 | 94 | 94 |
PTG Scale used
| PTGI | PTGI | PTGI | PTGI | PTGI | PTGI |
Objective 1: Association
| ||||||
Symptomatology (PANSS total) | - - - | - - - | ||||
Positive Symptoms (PANSS sub-scale) | - | - | ||||
Negative Symptoms (PANSS sub-scale) | - - - | - - - | ||||
General Psychopathology (PANSS sub-scale) | - - - | - - - | ||||
Trauma (THS) | ns | ns | ||||
Posttraumatic Stress (SPTSS) | ns | |||||
Core Beliefs (CBI) | +++ | |||||
Meaning In Life (MLQ) | +++ | +++ | ||||
Positive Reframing (Brief COPE subscale) | ++ | |||||
Urge to Talk (DTQ) | + | |||||
Reluctance to Talk (DTQ) | - | |||||
Actual Self-Disclosure | ++ | |||||
Coping Self-Efficacy (CSE) | +++ | +++ | ||||
Spiritual Coping (Brief COPE subscale) | ++ | |||||
Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | ++ | |||||
Hospitalised for psychosis | + | |||||
Resilience (CYRM or ARM) | ++ | |||||
Recovery (RAS) | ++ |
Objective 2: Associations independent of known covariates
Sample 2 | Sample 3 | |
---|---|---|
Paper Number^
|
14
|
37
|
Sample Size
| 34 | 94 |
PTG Scale used
| PTGI | PTGI |
Objective 1: Association
| ||
PTSD Symptoms | +++ | |
Recovery (QPR) | +++ | |
Actual Self-Disclosure | + | |
Reluctance to Talk | - | |
Urge to Talk | ns | |
Hospitalised for psychosis | +++ | |
Negative impact of FEP | ns | |
Resilience | ns | |
Social Support | ns | |
Spiritual Coping | +++ | |
Positive Reframing | ++ | |
Recovery (RAS) | ++ |
Outcome: Total PTGI Score | Mediators | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample 1 | Sample 2 | |||
Exposure | Core Beliefs Inventory [11] | Recovery [14] | ||
PANSS Total Score
| ++ | + | ++ | |
PANSS Positive Symptoms
| - | - | ++ | |
PANSS Negative Symptoms
| ++ | + | ++ | |
PANSS General Symptoms
| ++ | + | ++ | |
Traumatic History
| - | - | ++ | |
Posttraumatic Stress
| ++ | + | ||
Actual Self-Disclosure
| +* |
Objective 3: Temporal relationship between PTG and psychosis
Objective 4: Facilitators of PTG
Stage 1 (Developing a preliminary synthesis)
Total | Recruitment | Participants | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theme and Sub-theme | Proportion n (%) | Mental Health Services n (%) | Other n(%) | Mixed n (%) | First Episode n (%) | Non-First Episode n (%) | |
Number of studies | 33 | 27 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 28 | |
P
|
1. Personal Identity and Strength
1.1 Self-Efficacy 1.2 Identity Development |
26 (78.8)
|
22 (66.7)
|
5 (15.2)
|
0 (0)
|
5 (15.2)
|
22 (66.7)
|
18 (54.5) | 15 (45.5) | 3 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (12.1) | 13 (39.4) | ||
22 (66.7) | 17 (77.3) | 5 (15.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (12.1) | 17 (51.5) | ||
R
|
2. Receiving Support
2.1 Therapeutic approaches 2.2 Support |
20 (60.6)
|
14 (42.4)
|
6 (18.2)
|
0 (0)
|
4 (12.1)
|
15 (45.5)
|
10 (30.3) | 6 (18.2) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (30.3) | ||
16 (48.5) | 12 (36.4) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (12.1) | 11 (33.3) | ||
O
|
3. Opportunities and Possibilities
|
22 (66.7)
|
19 (57.6)
|
3 (9.1)
|
0 (0)
|
4 (12.1)
|
18 (54.5)
|
S
|
4. Strategies for Coping
4.1 Coping Strategies 4.2 Skill Development 4.3 Disclosure |
23 (69.7)
|
15 (45.5)
|
7 (21.2)
|
1 (3.0)
|
5 (15.2)
|
17 (51.5)
|
15 (45.5) | 9 (27.3) | 5 (15.2) | 1 (3.0) | 3 (9.1) | 12 (36.4) | ||
7 (21.2) | 6 (18.2) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.1) | 5 (15.2) | ||
7 (21.2) | 3 (9.1) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.1) | 4 (12.1) | ||
P
|
5. Perspective Shift
|
22 (66.7)
|
17 (51.5)
|
5 (15.2)
|
0 (0)
|
4 (12.1)
|
18 (54.5)
|
E
|
6. Emotional Experience
6.1 Enhancing Emotional Experience 6.2 Seeking Information 6.3 Empathy and Compassion |
14 (42.4)
|
11 (33.3)
|
2 (6.1)
|
1 (3.0)
|
4 (12.1)
|
10 (30.3)
|
10 (30.3) | 8 (24.2) | 1 (3.0) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (6.1) | 8 (24.2) | ||
3 (9.1) | 3 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (6.1) | ||
5 (15.2) | 4 (12.1) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 4 (12.1) | ||
R
|
7. Relationships
|
15 (45.5)
|
9 (27.3)
|
5 (15.2)
|
1 (3.0)
|
3 (9.1)
|
11 (33.3)
|