Background
Methods
Study design and objective
Sample
Study definitions
Sample preparation
Laboratory analyses
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of controls and male patients with CAD
Characteristics | Controls (n = 220) | CAD (n = 426) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 62.00 (53.00–69.00) | 61.00 (54.00–67.00) | 0.178 |
Diabetes (%) | 20.19 | 27.45 | 0.096 |
Hypertension (%) | 48.40 | 51.6 | 0.650 |
hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.46 (0.20–0.86) | 2.28 (0.50–10.54) | < 0.001 |
WBC (109/L) | 5.55 (4.83–6.45) | 7.37 (5.93–9.06) | < 0.001 |
NEU (109/L) | 3.57 (2.74–4.93) | 4.69 (3.50–6.62) | < 0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.45 (5.17–5.91) | 5.80 (5.07–7.10) | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 3.90 (3.34–4.55) | 4.34 (3.95–4.66) | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.09 (0.81–1.41) | 1.45 (1.04–2.11) | < 0.001 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.14 (1.01–1.30) | 0.88 (0.76–1.07) | < 0.001 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.13(1.64–2.71) | 2.38 (2.04–2.64) | < 0.001 |
Testosterone (ng/dL) | 466.27 (364.61–533.00) | 292.02 (206.91–391.94) | < 0.001 |
GDF-15 (pg/mL) | 347.99 (256.45–440.84) | 775.07 (446.12–1113.19) | < 0.001 |
Baseline characteristics stratified by testosterone tertiles
Comparison means of GDF-15 across different testosterone categories
Stratified analyses
Variable | Unstandardized coefficient (B) | Standardized (B) | 95% CI for B | P for trend |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | − 41.598 | − 0.145 | − 62.520 to − 20.676 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | ||||
CAD without hypertension | − 55.676 | − 0.182 | − 103.221 to − 8.132 | 0.022 |
CAD with hypertension | − 50.098 | − 0.177 | − 86.648 to − 13.548 | 0.007 |
Diabetes | ||||
CAD without diabetes | − 42.299 | − 0.149 | − 73.706 to − 10.893 | 0.008 |
CAD with diabetes | − 99.626 | − 0.298 | − 173.457 to − 25.795 | 0.009 |
PCI | ||||
CAD without PCI | − 42.809 | − 0.158 | − 90.698 to 5.079 | 0.079 |
CAD with PCI | − 67.819 | − 0.215 | − 105.559 to − 30.080 | < 0.001 |
hs-CRP | ||||
Lower value (< 1.85 mg/dL) | − 30.174 | − 0.121 | − 69.087 to 8.738 | 0.128 |
Higher value (> 1.85 mg/dL) | − 64.611 | − 0.201 | − 114.637 to − 14.585 | 0.012 |
WBC | ||||
Lower value (< 7.25 (109/L)) | − 42.226 | − 0.162 | − 78.957 to − 5.496 | 0.024 |
Higher value (> 7.25 (109/L)) | − 60.663 | − 0.178 | − 109.975 to − 11.352 | 0.016 |
NEU | ||||
Lower value (< 4.62 (109/L)) | − 31.812 | − 0.119 | − 69.644 to 6.019 | 0.099 |
Higher value (> 4.62 (109/L)) | − 76.342 | − 0.238 | − 121.420 to − 31.265 | 0.001 |
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | ||||
Lower value (< 2.83) | − 25.081 | − 0.094 | − 63.680 to 13.517 | 0.201 |
Higher value (> 2.83) | − 86.434 | − 0.267 | − 130.118 to − 42.750 | < 0.001 |
Glucose | ||||
Lower value (< 5.58 mmol/L) | − 26.029 | − 0.099 | − 65.959 to 13.901 | 0.200 |
Higher value (> 5.58 mmol/L) | − 76.395 | − 0.234 | − 119.955 to − 32.834 | 0.001 |
UA | ||||
Lower value (< 388 umol/L) | − 67.095 | − 0.214 | − 111.406 to − 22.785 | 0.003 |
Higher value (> 388 umol/L) | − 52.117 | − 0.194 | − 92.312 to − 11.922 | 0.011 |
HDL-c | ||||
Lower value (< 0.91 mmol/L) | − 56.000 | − 0.190 | − 98.395 to − 13.604 | 0.010 |
Higher value (> 0.91 mmol/L) | − 40.376 | − 0.135 | − 86.511 to 5.759 | 0.086 |
LDL-c | ||||
Lower value (< 2.16 mmol/L) | − 55.056 | − 0.191 | − 98.330 to − 11.782 | 0.013 |
Higher value (> 2.16 mmol/L) | − 49.148 | − 0.159 | − 95.688 to − 2.607 | 0.039 |
Multivariate linear regression models
variables | Unstandardized coefficient (B) | 95% CI for B | p for trend |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 1.057 | − 0.926 to 3.245 | 0.297 |
GDF-15 | − 0.044 | − 0.074 to − 0.012 | 0.003 |
hs-CRP | − 0.392 | − 1.449 to 0.880 | 0.406 |
WBC | 5.608 | − 23.031 to 29.967 | 0.669 |
NEU | − 17.452 | − 43.907 to 14.871 | 0.234 |
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | 3.093 | − 5.705 to 12.823 | 0.469 |
Glucose | − 6.720 | − 15.827 to − 3.553 | 0.167 |
UA | − 0.007 | − 0.218 to 0.188 | 0.943 |
TC | − 4.534 | − 59.304 to 51.261 | 0.876 |
TG | − 11.276 | − 41.005 to 17.363 | 0.411 |
HDL-c | − 0.033 | − 134.710 to 138.002 | 0.999 |
LDL-c | 17.199 | − 37.906 to 71.060 | 0.501 |