Background
Methods
Data source and sampling procedure
Country | Survey year |
---|---|
Angola | 2015/16 |
Burkina Faso | 2010 |
Benin | 2017/18 |
Burundi | 2016/17 |
Central Democratic Congo | 2013/14 |
Congo | 2011/12 |
Cote d’vore | 2011/12 |
Cameroon | 2018 |
Ethiopia | 2016 |
Gabon | 2012 |
Ghana | 2014 |
Gambia | 2013 |
Guinea | 2018 |
Kenya | 2014 |
Comoros | 2012 |
Liberia | 2013 |
Lesotho | 2014 |
Madagascar | 2008/09 |
Mali | 2018 |
Malawi | 2015/16 |
Mozambique | 2011 |
Nigeria | 2018 |
Niger | 2012 |
Namibia | 2013 |
Rwanda | 2014/15 |
Sera lone | 2013 |
Senegal | 2010 |
Sao tome and principe | 2008/09 |
Eswatini | 2006/07 |
Chad | 2014/15 |
Togo | 2013 |
Tanzania | 2015/16 |
Uganda | 2016 |
South Africa | 2016 |
Zambia | 2018 |
Zimbabwe | 2015 |
Variables of study
Dependent variable
Independent variables
Data management and statistical analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Background characteristics
Variables | Weighted frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Region | ||
Central Africa | 15,773 | 9.13 |
East Africa | 85,064 | 49.23 |
South Africa | 3993 | 2.31 |
West Africa | 67,945 | 39.33 |
Residence | ||
Urban | 51,551 | 29.84 |
Rural | 121,224 | 70.16 |
Age (years) | ||
< 20 | 8355 | 4.84 |
20–35 | 122,256 | 70.76 |
> 35 | 42,164 | 24.40 |
Education status | ||
No | 65,016 | 37.63 |
Primary | 59,436 | 34.40 |
Secondary | 41,279 | 23.89 |
higher | 7045 | 4.08 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 8734 | 5.05 |
Married | 151,912 | 87.92 |
Divorced | 9680 | 5.60 |
widowed | 2450 | 1.42 |
Wealth index | ||
Poorest | 39,410 | 22.81 |
Poorer | 38,144 | 22.08 |
Middle | 34,889 | 20.19 |
Richer | 32,274 | 18.68 |
Richest | 28,059 | 16.24 |
Current working | ||
No | 58,915 | 34.10 |
Yes | 113,860 | 65.90 |
Media exposure | ||
No | 96,962 | 56.12 |
Yes | 75,813 | 43.88 |
Substance use | ||
No | 161,851 | 99.03 |
Yes | 1583 | 0.97 |
Preceding birth interval (months) | ||
first birth | 21,550 | 13.77 |
Short | 28,300 | 20.97 |
Optimum | 89,375.908 | 57.10 |
Long | 17,299.056 | 11.05 |
Number of ANC visit | ||
1–3 visits | 117,105.51 | 67.78 |
≥ 4 visits | 55,668.192 | 32.22 |
Sex of fetus | ||
Male | 87,479 | 50.63 |
Female | 85,296 | 49.37 |
Multiple pregnancy | ||
No | 166,661 | 96.46 |
yes | |6113 | 3.54 |
Contraceptive use | ||
no | 118,179 | 68.40 |
Yes | 54,596 | 31.60 |
History of terminated pregnancy | ||
No | 150,500 | 87.11 |
Yes | 22,274 | 12.89 |
Wanted pregnancy | ||
No | 9685 | 6.52 |
Yes | 138,870 | 93.48 |
Pervious delivery by CS | ||
No | 158,427 | 95.21 |
Yes | 7978 | 4.79 |
Parity | ||
Primi | 21,550 | 12.47 |
Multi | 107,674 | 62.32 |
Grand | 43,551 | 25.21 |
The pooled prevalence of preterm birth among reproductive aged women in SSA
Random effect analysis and model comparison
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AOR with 95% CI | AOR with 95% CI | AOR with 95% CI | ||
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
Rural | 1.21 (1.15 1.27) | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22) * | ||
Region | ||||
central Africa | 1 | 1 | ||
east Africa | 4.6 (4.06, 5.10) | 4.88 (4.25, 5.61)* | ||
South Africa | 7.30 (6.4 8.46) | 1.83 (1.58, 2.12)* | ||
West Africa | 1.77 (1.57, 1.99) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.32) | ||
Age (years) | ||||
< 20 | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15 | 1.12 (1.01, 1.25)* | ||
20–34 | 1 | 1 | ||
> 34 | 0.95 (0.91, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.07) | ||
Education | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 2.40 (2.25, 2.56) | 1.53 (1.43, 1.65)* | ||
Secondary | 1.73 (1.59, 1.89) | 1.36 (1.25, 1.49) * | ||
higher | 1.75(1.49, 1.2.05) | 1.42 (1.21, 1.67) * | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 1 | 1 | ||
Married | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.93) * | ||
Divorced | 1.29 (1.08,1.49) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.24) | ||
widowed | 1.09 (0.86, 1.39) | 0.94 (0.74, 1.28) | ||
Wealth index | ||||
Poorest | 1 | 1 | ||
poorer | 0.70 (0.65, 0.76) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.81) * | ||
Middle | 0.65 (0.59, 0.70) | 0.69 (0.64, 0.76) * | ||
richer | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.82) * | ||
Richest | 0.88 (0.80, 0.97) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.91)* | ||
Current working | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.11 (1.05, 1.18) | 1.12 (1.05, 1.18)* | ||
Media exposure | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.04 (0.99, 1.11) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.12) | ||
Substance use | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.25 (1.18, 1.36) | 1.27 (1.09, 1.63) * | ||
Preceding birth interval (months) | ||||
First birth | 2.04 (1.89, 2.21) | 1.88 (1.74, 2.05) * | ||
< 24 months | 1.14 (1.06, 1.22) | 1.21 (1.13, 1.31) * | ||
24–59 months | 1 | 1 | ||
> 60 months | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | ||
Number of ANC visit | ||||
< 4 visits | 1 | 1 | ||
≥ 4 visits | 0.78 (0.74, 0.82) | 0.78 (0.74, 0.83) * | ||
Sex of fetus | ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 1.08 (1.03, 1.15) | 1.08 (1.03, 1.15) * | ||
Multiple pregnancy | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 3.18 (2.87, 3.52) | 3.37 (3.04, 3.74)* | ||
Terminated pregnancy History | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.24 (1.16, 1.34) | 1.21 (1.13, 1.31) * | ||
Wanted pregnancy | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.65 (0.59, 0.71) | 0.75 (0.68, 0.83) * | ||
Pervious delivery by CS | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.62 (1.44, 1.84) | 1.46 (1.29, 1.65) * | ||
Community level variance | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.19 |
ICC (%) | 9.9% | 8.8% | 6.5% | 5.5% |
MOR | 1.41 | 1.34 | 1.24 | 1.19 |
PCV (%) | reference | 11.11% | 36.11% | 47.22% |
Deviance | 72,624 | 70,337 | 47,244 | 45, 945 |