Introduction
Methods
Study Design and Population
Clinical Parameters
Statistical Analyses
Results
General Characteristics
All patients (no. 1219) | Males (no. 678) | Females (no. 541) |
p
| Primary prevention (no. 921) | Secondary prevention (no. 298) |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (% males) | 55.6 | – | – | – | 54.9 | 57.7 | 0.402 |
Age (years) | 56.5 ± 13.7 | 54.2 ± 13.4 | 59.3 ± 13.6 |
< 0.001
| 54.1 ± 13.7 | 63.7 ± 11.0 |
< 0.001
|
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 4.6 | 28.3 ± 4.3 | 27.3 ± 5.0 |
0.002
| 27.9 ± 4.6 | 27.7 ± 4.5 | 0.501 |
WCa (cm) | 98.9 ± 11.7 | 102.3 ± 11.2 | 95.1 ± 11.1 |
< 0.001
| 98.2 ± 11.7 | 100.4 ± 11.5 | 0.079 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 91.1 | 91.3 | 90.8 | 0.743 | 88.6 | 98.7 |
< 0.001
|
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 25.3 | 28.0 | 22.0 |
0.016
| 25.3 | 25.5 | 0.944 |
Smoking habit (%) | 30.6 | 35.5 | 24.4 |
< 0.001
| 29.6 | 33.6 | 0.202 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 10.8 | 12.2 | 9.1 | 0.075 | 7.9 | 19.8 |
< 0.001
|
CKD (%) | 12.4 | 8.7 | 16.9 |
< 0.001
| 10.1 | 19.3 |
< 0.001
|
PADb (%) | 22.2 | 19.2 | 25.9 | 0.120 | 0.4 | 63.9 |
< 0.001
|
24-h SBP (mmHg) | 129.8 ± 13.4 | 130.6 ± 13.1 | 128.8 ± 13.6 |
0.018
| 130.0 ± 13.4 | 129.0 ± 13.1 | 0.263 |
24-h DBP (mmHg) | 78.2 ± 10.3 | 79.8 ± 9.9 | 76.1 ± 10.5 |
< 0.001
| 79.2 ± 10.2 | 75.0 ± 10.2 |
< 0.001
|
Daytime SBP (mmHg) | 133.1 ± 13.6 | 133.8 ± 13.4 | 132.2 ± 13.8 |
0.034
| 133.5 ± 13.7 | 132.0 ± 13.3 | 0.114 |
Daytime DBP (mmHg) | 81.4 ± 10.8 | 82.9 ± 10.3 | 79.4 ± 11.0 |
< 0.001
| 82.5 ± 10.5 | 77.9 ± 10.8 |
< 0.001
|
Nighttime SBP (mmHg) | 122.4 ± 14.7 | 123.2 ± 14.3 | 121.3 ± 15.2 |
0.028
| 122.6 ± 14.8 | 121.8 ± 14.4 | 0.414 |
Nighttime DBP (mmHg) | 71.3 ± 10.6 | 73.1 ± 10.1 | 69.0 ± 10.8 |
< 0.001
| 72.1 ± 10.5 | 68.8 ± 10.6 |
< 0.001
|
Laboratory parameters | |||||||
TC (mg/dl) | 202.0 ± 42.1 | 197.1 ± 42.6 | 208.1 ± 40.7 |
< 0.001
| 204.5 ± 40.2 | 194.3 ± 46.8 |
0.001
|
HDLc (mg/dl) | 53.1 ± 14.3 | 47.5 ± 11.8 | 60.0 ± 14.2 |
< 0.001
| 53.0 ± 14.2 | 53.2 ± 14.7 | 0.881 |
LDLc (mg/dl) | 123.7 ± 35.2 | 122.4 ± 34.5 | 125.4 ± 35.9 | 0.134 | 126.033.2 | 116.839.9 |
< 0.001
|
TG (mg/dl) | 108 (81–154) | 118 (87–166) | 100 (74–141) |
< 0.001
| 105 (80–154) | 115 (85–154) | 0.133 |
Non-HDLc (mg/dl) | 149.0 ± 40.5 | 149.7 ± 41.5 | 148.1 ± 39.2 | 0.499 | 151.5 ± 38.8 | 141.1 ± 44.5 |
< 0.001
|
Glycemia (mg/dl) | 94 (85–103) | 94 (87–104) | 92 (84–102) |
0.004
| 93 (85–102) | 98 (88–109) |
< 0.001
|
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 79.4 ± 19.5 | 81.8 ± 18.7 | 76.5 ± 20.0 |
< 0.001
| 81.0 ± 19.3 | 74.5 ± 19.4 |
< 0.001
|
Lipid Profile According to Adiposity
Univariate analyses | Multivariate analyses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (no. 1219) | Males (no. 678) | Females (no. 541) | All patients (no. 1219) | |||||
BMI | WC | BMI | WC | BMI | WC | BMI | WC | |
ln(glycemia) | 0.224** | 0.199** | 0.137* | 0.112 | 0.311** | 0.241* | 0.218** | 0.130* |
TC | 0.032 | − 0.002 | 0.046 | 0.034 | 0.042 | 0.020 | – | – |
LDLc | 0.048 | 0.036 | 0.048 | 0.011 | 0.049 | 0.022 | – | – |
non-HDLc | 0.113** | 0.107* | 0.119* | 0.098 | 0.099 | 0.078 | 0.119** | 0.139* |
HDLc | − 0.215** | − 0.305** | − 0.236** | − 0.236** | − 0.145* | − 0.151* | − 0.165** | − 0183** |
ln(TG) | 0.235** | 0.285** | 0.223** | 0.272** | 0.221** | 0.243* | 0.215** | 0.271** |
ln(non-HDLc/HDLc) | 0.224** | 0.258** | 0.241** | 0.214** | 0.159* | 0.127 | 0.196** | 0.213** |
ln(non-HDLc + non-LDLc) | 0.199** | 0.192** | 0.205** | 0.226* | 0.166* | 0.136 | 0.186** | 0.205** |