Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Psychiatry Reports 4/2011

01.08.2011

Prevention of Anxiety Disorders

verfasst von: Elizabeth X. Lau, Ronald M. Rapee

Erschienen in: Current Psychiatry Reports | Ausgabe 4/2011

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Research into the prevention of anxiety has increased dramatically in the past few years. Prevention programs have been directed at broad, nonspecific anxiety and at more specific anxiety types, such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Prevention of anxiety is still a relatively new field, but there has been a recent surge of literature reporting on different prevention programs. Universal prevention trials have shown modest but promising results, and school-based programs offered to all students also help to reduce stigmatization and common barriers to accessing treatment (eg, time, location, and cost). In contrast, targeted programs tend to show somewhat larger effects but rely on identification of relevant populations. Specific programs for the prevention of panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder have also demonstrated some preliminary success. This paper reviews the recent studies of prevention of anxiety and discusses several key issues, specifically (1) identification of at-risk participants for prevention programs, (2) motivation for participation, (3) optimal age for intervention, and (4) who should deliver the program.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593–602.PubMedCrossRef Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593–602.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Olatunji BO, Cisler JM, Tolin DF. Quality of life in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007;27(5):572–81.PubMedCrossRef Olatunji BO, Cisler JM, Tolin DF. Quality of life in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007;27(5):572–81.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruce SE, Yonkers KA, Otto MW, et al. Influence of psychiatric comorbidity on recovery and recurrence in generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder: a 12-year prospective study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1179–87.PubMedCrossRef Bruce SE, Yonkers KA, Otto MW, et al. Influence of psychiatric comorbidity on recovery and recurrence in generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder: a 12-year prospective study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1179–87.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Beesdo K, Bittner A, Pine DS, et al. Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:903–12.PubMedCrossRef Beesdo K, Bittner A, Pine DS, et al. Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:903–12.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Beesdo K, Pine DS, Lieb R, Wittchen HU. Incidence and risk patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders and categorization of generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:47–57.PubMedCrossRef Beesdo K, Pine DS, Lieb R, Wittchen HU. Incidence and risk patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders and categorization of generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:47–57.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Norton GR, McLeod L, Guertin J, et al. Panic disorder or social phobia: which is worse? Behav Res Ther. 1996;34(3):273–6.PubMedCrossRef Norton GR, McLeod L, Guertin J, et al. Panic disorder or social phobia: which is worse? Behav Res Ther. 1996;34(3):273–6.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Roy-Byrne PP, Katon W. Generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: the precursor/modifier pathway to increased health care utilization. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58:34–40.PubMedCrossRef Roy-Byrne PP, Katon W. Generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: the precursor/modifier pathway to increased health care utilization. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58:34–40.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Last CG, Hansen C, Franco N. Anxious children in adulthood: a prospective study of adjustment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:645–52.PubMedCrossRef Last CG, Hansen C, Franco N. Anxious children in adulthood: a prospective study of adjustment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:645–52.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Weissman MM, Wolk S, Wickramaratne P, et al. Children with prepubertal-onset major depressive disorder and anxiety grown up. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(9):794–801.PubMedCrossRef Weissman MM, Wolk S, Wickramaratne P, et al. Children with prepubertal-onset major depressive disorder and anxiety grown up. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(9):794–801.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenberg PE, Sisitsky T, Kessler RC, et al. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:427–35.PubMedCrossRef Greenberg PE, Sisitsky T, Kessler RC, et al. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:427–35.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Canino G, Shrout PE, Rubio-Stipec M, et al. The DSM-IV rates of child and adolescent disorders in Puerto Rico: prevalence, correlates, service use, and the effects of impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(1):85–93.PubMedCrossRef Canino G, Shrout PE, Rubio-Stipec M, et al. The DSM-IV rates of child and adolescent disorders in Puerto Rico: prevalence, correlates, service use, and the effects of impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(1):85–93.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Issakidis C, Andrews G. Service utilisation for anxiety in an Australian community sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37:153–63.PubMedCrossRef Issakidis C, Andrews G. Service utilisation for anxiety in an Australian community sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37:153–63.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Cicchetti D, Toth SL. The development of depression in children and adolescents. Am Psychol. 1998;53:221–41.PubMedCrossRef Cicchetti D, Toth SL. The development of depression in children and adolescents. Am Psychol. 1998;53:221–41.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Rapee RM, Spence SH. The etiology of social phobia: empirical evidence and an initial model. Clin Psychol Rev. 2004;24:737–67.PubMedCrossRef Rapee RM, Spence SH. The etiology of social phobia: empirical evidence and an initial model. Clin Psychol Rev. 2004;24:737–67.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Rapee RM, Kennedy S, Ingram M, et al. Prevention and early intervention of anxiety disorders in inhibited preschool children. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73:488–97.PubMedCrossRef Rapee RM, Kennedy S, Ingram M, et al. Prevention and early intervention of anxiety disorders in inhibited preschool children. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73:488–97.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kennedy S, Rapee RM, Edwards S. A selective intervention program for inhibited preschool-aged children of parents with an anxiety disorder: effects on current anxiety disorders and temperament. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48:602–9.PubMedCrossRef Kennedy S, Rapee RM, Edwards S. A selective intervention program for inhibited preschool-aged children of parents with an anxiety disorder: effects on current anxiety disorders and temperament. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48:602–9.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrews G, Issakidis C, Sanderson K, et al. Utilising survey data to inform public policy: comparison of the cost-effectiveness of treatment of ten mental disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184:526–33.PubMedCrossRef Andrews G, Issakidis C, Sanderson K, et al. Utilising survey data to inform public policy: comparison of the cost-effectiveness of treatment of ten mental disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184:526–33.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldner MT, Zvolensky MJ, Schmidt NB. Prevention of anxiety psychopathology: a critical review of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2004;11:405–24.CrossRef Feldner MT, Zvolensky MJ, Schmidt NB. Prevention of anxiety psychopathology: a critical review of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2004;11:405–24.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Rapee RM. Prevention of mental disorders: promises, limitations, and barriers. Cogn Behav Pract. 2008;15:47–52. Rapee RM. Prevention of mental disorders: promises, limitations, and barriers. Cogn Behav Pract. 2008;15:47–52.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Mrazek PJ, Haggerty RJ. Reducing risks for mental disorders. Washington: National Academy Press; 1994. Mrazek PJ, Haggerty RJ. Reducing risks for mental disorders. Washington: National Academy Press; 1994.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Gordon R. An operational classification of disease prevention. Public Health Rep. 1983;98:107–9.PubMed Gordon R. An operational classification of disease prevention. Public Health Rep. 1983;98:107–9.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Offord DR, Chmura Kraemer H, Kazdin AE, et al. Lowering the burden of suffering from child psychiatric disorder: trade-offs among clinical, targeted, and universal interventions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych. 1998;37:686–94.CrossRef Offord DR, Chmura Kraemer H, Kazdin AE, et al. Lowering the burden of suffering from child psychiatric disorder: trade-offs among clinical, targeted, and universal interventions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych. 1998;37:686–94.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrett P, Turner C. Prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children: preliminary results from a universal school-based trial. Br J Clin Psychol. 2001;40(4):399–410.PubMedCrossRef Barrett P, Turner C. Prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children: preliminary results from a universal school-based trial. Br J Clin Psychol. 2001;40(4):399–410.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Lowry-Webster HM, Barrett P, Lock S. A universal prevention trial of anxiety symptomology during childhood: results at 1-year follow-up. Behav Change. 2003;20:25–43.CrossRef Lowry-Webster HM, Barrett P, Lock S. A universal prevention trial of anxiety symptomology during childhood: results at 1-year follow-up. Behav Change. 2003;20:25–43.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Lock S, Barrett P. A longitudinal study of developmental differences in universal preventive intervention for child anxiety. Behav Change. 2003;20:183–99.CrossRef Lock S, Barrett P. A longitudinal study of developmental differences in universal preventive intervention for child anxiety. Behav Change. 2003;20:183–99.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lowry-Webster HM, Barrett P, Dadds M. A universal prevention trial of anxiety and depressive symptomatology in childhood: preliminary data from an Australian study. Behav Change. 2001;18:36–50.CrossRef Lowry-Webster HM, Barrett P, Dadds M. A universal prevention trial of anxiety and depressive symptomatology in childhood: preliminary data from an Australian study. Behav Change. 2001;18:36–50.CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Farrell LJ, Barrett P. Prevention of childhood emotional disorders: reducing the burden of suffering associated with anxiety and depression. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2007;12:58–65.CrossRef Farrell LJ, Barrett P. Prevention of childhood emotional disorders: reducing the burden of suffering associated with anxiety and depression. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2007;12:58–65.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Kendall PC. Treating anxiety disorders in children: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994;62(1):100–10.PubMedCrossRef Kendall PC. Treating anxiety disorders in children: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994;62(1):100–10.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrett PM, Locks S, Farrell LJ. Developmental differences in universal preventive intervention for child anxiety. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005;10:539–55.CrossRef Barrett PM, Locks S, Farrell LJ. Developmental differences in universal preventive intervention for child anxiety. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005;10:539–55.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller LD. Facing fears: the feasibility of anxiety universal prevention efforts with children and adolescents. Cogn Behav Pract. 2008;15(1):28–35. Miller LD. Facing fears: the feasibility of anxiety universal prevention efforts with children and adolescents. Cogn Behav Pract. 2008;15(1):28–35.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Stallard P, Simpson N, Anderson S, et al. The FRIENDS emotional health programme: initial findings from a school-based project. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2007;12(1):32–7.CrossRef Stallard P, Simpson N, Anderson S, et al. The FRIENDS emotional health programme: initial findings from a school-based project. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2007;12(1):32–7.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Stallard P, Simpson N, Anderson S, Goddard M. The FRIENDS emotional health prevention programme: 12 month follow-up of a universal UK school based trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;17(5):283–9.PubMedCrossRef Stallard P, Simpson N, Anderson S, Goddard M. The FRIENDS emotional health prevention programme: 12 month follow-up of a universal UK school based trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;17(5):283–9.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrett PM, Farrell LJ, Ollendick TH, Dadds M. Long-term outcomes of an Australian universal prevention trial of anxiety and depression symptoms in children and youth: an evaluation of the FRIENDS program. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006;35(3):403–11.PubMedCrossRef Barrett PM, Farrell LJ, Ollendick TH, Dadds M. Long-term outcomes of an Australian universal prevention trial of anxiety and depression symptoms in children and youth: an evaluation of the FRIENDS program. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006;35(3):403–11.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Lyneham HJ, Rapee RM. Prevention of child and adolescent anxiety disorders. In: Silverman W, Field A, editors. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: research, assessment, and intervention. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2011, in press. Lyneham HJ, Rapee RM. Prevention of child and adolescent anxiety disorders. In: Silverman W, Field A, editors. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: research, assessment, and intervention. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2011, in press.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Dadds M, Roth J. Prevention of anxiety disorders: results of a universal trial with young children. J Child Fam Stud. 2008;17(3):320–35.CrossRef Dadds M, Roth J. Prevention of anxiety disorders: results of a universal trial with young children. J Child Fam Stud. 2008;17(3):320–35.CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Aune T, Stiles TC. Universal-based prevention of syndromal and subsyndromal social anxiety: a randomized controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77:867–79.PubMedCrossRef Aune T, Stiles TC. Universal-based prevention of syndromal and subsyndromal social anxiety: a randomized controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77:867–79.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat • Neil AL, Christensen H. Efficacy and effectiveness of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29:208–15. This paper provides a systematic review of school-based anxiety prevention programs.PubMedCrossRef • Neil AL, Christensen H. Efficacy and effectiveness of school-based prevention and early intervention programs for anxiety. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29:208–15. This paper provides a systematic review of school-based anxiety prevention programs.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Rapee RM, Schniering CA, Hudson JL. Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: origins and treatment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5:311–41.PubMedCrossRef Rapee RM, Schniering CA, Hudson JL. Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: origins and treatment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5:311–41.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Rapee RM, Kennedy S, Ingram M, et al. Altering the trajectory of anxiety in at-risk young children. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:1518–25.PubMedCrossRef Rapee RM, Kennedy S, Ingram M, et al. Altering the trajectory of anxiety in at-risk young children. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:1518–25.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Ginsburg GS. The Child Anxiety Prevention Study: intervention model and primary outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77(3):580–7.PubMedCrossRef Ginsburg GS. The Child Anxiety Prevention Study: intervention model and primary outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77(3):580–7.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Balle M, Tortella-Feliu M. Efficacy of a brief school-based program for selective prevention of childhood anxiety. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2010;23:71–85.PubMedCrossRef Balle M, Tortella-Feliu M. Efficacy of a brief school-based program for selective prevention of childhood anxiety. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2010;23:71–85.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Dadds MR, Holland DE, Laurens KR, et al. Early intervention and prevention of anxiety disorders in children: results at 2-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999;67(1):145–50.PubMedCrossRef Dadds MR, Holland DE, Laurens KR, et al. Early intervention and prevention of anxiety disorders in children: results at 2-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999;67(1):145–50.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Dadds MR, Spence SH, Holland DE, et al. Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: a controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65(4):627–35.PubMedCrossRef Dadds MR, Spence SH, Holland DE, et al. Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: a controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65(4):627–35.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Victor AM, Layne AE. School-based interventions for anxious children: 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;47(9):1039–47.PubMed Bernstein GA, Bernat DH, Victor AM, Layne AE. School-based interventions for anxious children: 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;47(9):1039–47.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernstein GA, Layne AE, Egan EA, Tennison DM. School-based interventions for anxious children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(11):1118–27.PubMedCrossRef Bernstein GA, Layne AE, Egan EA, Tennison DM. School-based interventions for anxious children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(11):1118–27.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunt C, Andrews G, Crino R, et al. Randomized controlled trial of an early intervention programme for adolescent anxiety disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2009;43:300–4.PubMedCrossRef Hunt C, Andrews G, Crino R, et al. Randomized controlled trial of an early intervention programme for adolescent anxiety disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2009;43:300–4.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Liddle I, Macmillan S. Evaluating the FRIENDS programme in a Scottish setting. Educ Psychol Pract. 2010;26:53–67.CrossRef Liddle I, Macmillan S. Evaluating the FRIENDS programme in a Scottish setting. Educ Psychol Pract. 2010;26:53–67.CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Mifsud C, Rapee RM. Early intervention for childhood anxiety in a school setting: outcomes for an economically disadvantaged population. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:996–1004.PubMedCrossRef Mifsud C, Rapee RM. Early intervention for childhood anxiety in a school setting: outcomes for an economically disadvantaged population. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:996–1004.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Craske MG, Barlow DH. Panic disorder and agoraphobia. In: Barlow DH, editor. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: a step-by-step treatment manual. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford; 2001. p. 1–59. Craske MG, Barlow DH. Panic disorder and agoraphobia. In: Barlow DH, editor. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: a step-by-step treatment manual. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford; 2001. p. 1–59.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehlers A. A l-year prospective study of panic attacks: clinical course and factors associated with maintenance. J Abnorm Psychol. 1995;104:164–72.PubMedCrossRef Ehlers A. A l-year prospective study of panic attacks: clinical course and factors associated with maintenance. J Abnorm Psychol. 1995;104:164–72.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt NB, Lerew DR, Jackson RJ. The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress. J Abnorm Psychol. 1997;106:355–64.PubMedCrossRef Schmidt NB, Lerew DR, Jackson RJ. The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress. J Abnorm Psychol. 1997;106:355–64.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt NB, Lerew DR, Jackson RJ. Prospective evaluation of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: replication and extension. J Abnorm Psychol. 1999;108:532–7.PubMedCrossRef Schmidt NB, Lerew DR, Jackson RJ. Prospective evaluation of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: replication and extension. J Abnorm Psychol. 1999;108:532–7.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Gardenswartz CA, Craske MG. Prevention of panic disorder. Behav Ther. 2001;32:725–37.CrossRef Gardenswartz CA, Craske MG. Prevention of panic disorder. Behav Ther. 2001;32:725–37.CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Resnick H, Acierno R, Holmes M, et al. Prevention of post-rape psychopathology: preliminary findings of a controlled acute rape treatment study. J Anxiety Disord. 1999;13:359–70.PubMedCrossRef Resnick H, Acierno R, Holmes M, et al. Prevention of post-rape psychopathology: preliminary findings of a controlled acute rape treatment study. J Anxiety Disord. 1999;13:359–70.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat La Greca AM, Silverman WS. Treatment and prevention of posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents exposed to disasters and terrorism: what is the evidence? Child Dev Perspect. 2009;3:4–10.CrossRef La Greca AM, Silverman WS. Treatment and prevention of posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents exposed to disasters and terrorism: what is the evidence? Child Dev Perspect. 2009;3:4–10.CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldner MT, Monson CM, Friedman MJ. A critical analysis of approaches to targeted PTSD prevention: current status and theoretically derived future directions. Behav Modif. 2007;31:80–116.PubMedCrossRef Feldner MT, Monson CM, Friedman MJ. A critical analysis of approaches to targeted PTSD prevention: current status and theoretically derived future directions. Behav Modif. 2007;31:80–116.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Berger R, Pat-Horenczyk R, Gelkopf M. School-based intervention for prevention and treatment of elementary-students’ terror-related distress in Israel: a quasi-randomized controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(4):541–51.PubMedCrossRef Berger R, Pat-Horenczyk R, Gelkopf M. School-based intervention for prevention and treatment of elementary-students’ terror-related distress in Israel: a quasi-randomized controlled trial. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(4):541–51.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelkopf M, Berger R. A school-based, teacher-mediated prevention program (ERASE-Stress) for reducing terror-related traumatic reactions in Israeli youth: a quasi-randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009;50:962–71.PubMedCrossRef Gelkopf M, Berger R. A school-based, teacher-mediated prevention program (ERASE-Stress) for reducing terror-related traumatic reactions in Israeli youth: a quasi-randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009;50:962–71.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Schniering CA, Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Issues in the diagnosis and assessment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Clin Psychol Rev. 2000;40:453–78.CrossRef Schniering CA, Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Issues in the diagnosis and assessment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Clin Psychol Rev. 2000;40:453–78.CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Silverman WK, Ollendick TH. Evidence-based assessment of anxiety and its disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2005;34:380–411.PubMedCrossRef Silverman WK, Ollendick TH. Evidence-based assessment of anxiety and its disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2005;34:380–411.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashford J, Smit F, Van Lier PAC, et al. Early risk indicators of internalizing problems in late childhood: a 9-year longitudinal study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;49:774–80.PubMedCrossRef Ashford J, Smit F, Van Lier PAC, et al. Early risk indicators of internalizing problems in late childhood: a 9-year longitudinal study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;49:774–80.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Dozois DJA. Prevention of anxiety psychopathology: conceptual, methodological, and practical issues. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2004;11:425–9.CrossRef Dozois DJA. Prevention of anxiety psychopathology: conceptual, methodological, and practical issues. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2004;11:425–9.CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Last CG, Perrin S, Hersen M, Kazdin AE. A prospective study of childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35:1502–10.PubMedCrossRef Last CG, Perrin S, Hersen M, Kazdin AE. A prospective study of childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35:1502–10.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J. Rationale and principles for early intervention with young children at risk for anxiety disorders. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2002;5(3):161–72.PubMedCrossRef Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J. Rationale and principles for early intervention with young children at risk for anxiety disorders. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2002;5(3):161–72.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Calear AL, Christensen H, Mackinnon A, et al. The YouthMood Project: a cluster randomized controlled trial of an online cognitive behavioral program with adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77:1021–32.PubMedCrossRef Calear AL, Christensen H, Mackinnon A, et al. The YouthMood Project: a cluster randomized controlled trial of an online cognitive behavioral program with adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77:1021–32.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Masia-Warner C, Nangle DW, Hansen DJ. Bringing evidence-based child mental health services to the schools: general issues and specific populations. Educ Treat Child. 2006;29:165–72. Masia-Warner C, Nangle DW, Hansen DJ. Bringing evidence-based child mental health services to the schools: general issues and specific populations. Educ Treat Child. 2006;29:165–72.
67.
Zurück zum Zitat McLoone J, Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Treating anxiety disorders in a school setting. Educ Treat Child. 2006;29:219–42. McLoone J, Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Treating anxiety disorders in a school setting. Educ Treat Child. 2006;29:219–42.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Andrews G, Szabo M, Burns J. Preventing major depression in young people. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:460–2.PubMedCrossRef Andrews G, Szabo M, Burns J. Preventing major depression in young people. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:460–2.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Prevention of Anxiety Disorders
verfasst von
Elizabeth X. Lau
Ronald M. Rapee
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2011
Verlag
Current Science Inc.
Erschienen in
Current Psychiatry Reports / Ausgabe 4/2011
Print ISSN: 1523-3812
Elektronische ISSN: 1535-1645
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-011-0199-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2011

Current Psychiatry Reports 4/2011 Zur Ausgabe

ADHS-Medikation erhöht das kardiovaskuläre Risiko

16.05.2024 Herzinsuffizienz Nachrichten

Erwachsene, die Medikamente gegen das Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätssyndrom einnehmen, laufen offenbar erhöhte Gefahr, an Herzschwäche zu erkranken oder einen Schlaganfall zu erleiden. Es scheint eine Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung zu bestehen.

Typ-2-Diabetes und Depression folgen oft aufeinander

14.05.2024 Typ-2-Diabetes Nachrichten

Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind überdurchschnittlich gefährdet, in den nächsten Jahren auch noch eine Depression zu entwickeln – und umgekehrt. Besonders ausgeprägt ist die Wechselbeziehung laut GKV-Daten bei jüngeren Erwachsenen.

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Spezielles Sportprogramm bei einer Reihe von psychischen Erkrankungen effektiv

08.05.2024 Psychotherapie Nachrichten

Sportliche Betätigung hilft nicht nur bei Depression, sondern auch in Gruppen von Patientinnen und Patienten mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Erkrankungen, wie Insomnie, Panikattacken, Agoraphobie und posttraumatischem Belastungssyndrom. Sie alle profitieren längerfristig.

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.