Background
Methods
Design
Measurements
Outcome measures
Internal factors
External factors
Statistical analyses
Results
Baseline characteristics N = 150 | At-work productivity loss | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate N = 150 | ||||
Mean (sd) | B | 95% CI | p-value | |
Internal factors
| ||||
Age | 49.7 (8.6) | -0.03 | -0.08; 0.03 | 0.36 |
Female | 84.0a | -0.83 | -2.12; 0.45 | 0.20 |
Education: | Overall p-value: | 0.29 | ||
Low | 21.3a | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Middle | 32.0a | -0.02 | -1.28; 1.23 | 0.87 |
High | 46.7a | 0.71 | -0.47; 1.89 | 0.24 |
Time since diagnosis | 10.4 (8.9) | -0.03 | -0.08; 0.02 | 0.25 |
Duration of complaints >10 years | 47.3a | 0.04 | -0.87; 0.95 | 0.93 |
Comorbidity present | 64.7a | -0.17 | -1.12; 0.78 | 0.73 |
Pain (0-10b) | 3.72 (2.50) | 0.18 | -0.002; 0.36 | 0.05 |
Fatigue (0-10b) | 4.59 (2.53) | 0.27 | 0.10; 0.44 | <0.01 |
Health Assessment Questionnaire (0-3b) | 0.79 (0.55) | 0.69 | -0.14; 1.53 | 0.10 |
Quality of life dimensions (RAND 36) (0-100b): | ||||
- Mental health | 77.2 (14.5) | -0.10 | -0.13; -0.08 | <0.01 |
- Pain | 64.6 (17.8) | -0.05 | -0.07; -0.02 | <0.01 |
- Physical role limitations | 48.0 (40.3) | -0.03 | -0.04; -0.02 | <0.01 |
- Physical functioning | 67.1 (21.5) | -0.02c | -0.04; 0.002 | 0.08 |
- Social functioning | 71.4 (21.4) | -0.06c | -0.08; -0.04 | <0.01 |
- Vitality | 54.3 (18.5) | -0.06c | -0.08; -0.04 | <0.01 |
- Emotional role limitations | 78.6 (37.1) | -0.03c | -0.04; -0.02 | <0.01 |
- General health perception | 50.8 (17.3) | -0.04c | -0.06; -0.01 | <0.01 |
- Perceived health change | 51.7 (26.7) | -0.02c | -0.04; -0.01 | 0.01 |
Baseline characteristics N = 150 | At-work productivity loss | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate N = 150 | ||||
Mean (sd) | B | 95% CI | p-value | |
Clinical factors
| ||||
DAS score 28 joints | 2.70 (1.23) | 0.57 | 0.20; 0.94 | <0.01 |
- Swollen joints | 1.01 (2.01) | 0.19c | -0.04; 0.41 | 0.10 |
- Tender joints | 2.11 (3.10) | 0.14c | -0.01; 0.28 | 0.06 |
- ESR | 12.8 (13.0) | 0.03c | -0.004; 0.06 | 0.09 |
- VAS general health (0-100b) | 34.5 (22.5) | 0.03c | 0.01; 0.05 | 0.01 |
Number of DMARDS used since diagnosis | 2.13 (1.05) | 0.29 | -0.15; 0.72 | 0.19 |
Number of DMARDS used during last year | 1.10 (0.70) | 0.19 | -0.49; 0.87 | 0.58 |
Biological therapeutic used since diagnosis; yes | 47.3a | 0.86 | -0.05; 1.77 | 0.06 |
Biological therapeutic used during last year; yes | 34.5a | 0.34 | -0.62; 1.31 | 0.48 |
RF positive | 61.7a | 0.08 | -0.86; 1.02 | 0.87 |
aCCP positive | 65.1a | 0.13 | -0.81; 1.07 | 0.79 |
DAS: Disease Activity Score; ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; DMARD: Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug; RF: Rheumatoid Factor; aCCP: Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies. |
Baseline characteristics N = 150 | At-work productivity loss | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate N = 150 | ||||
Mean (sd) | B | 95% CI | p-value | |
External factors
| ||||
Permanent or temporary job contract | 82.7a | -1.24 | -2.41; -0.08 | 0.04 |
Being a supervisor (yes) | 27.5a | 0.98 | -0.03; 2.00 | 0.06 |
Multiple jobs (yes) | 16.8a | -0.04 | -1.16; 1.08 | 0.95 |
Shift work (yes) | 18.8a | 1.07 | -0.08; 2.21 | 0.07 |
Limited in functioning at work: | Overall p-value: | <0.01 | ||
No | 13.3a | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Slightly | 76.0a | 2.14 | 0.85; 3.42 | <0.01 |
Strongly | 10.7a | 2.66 | 0.89; 4.44 | <0.01 |
Supervisor social support (1-4b) | 2.99 (0.62) | 0.35 | -0.34; 1.03 | 0.32 |
Decision authority (1-4b) | 2.70 (0.36) | 0.24 | -1.03; 1.49 | 0.71 |
Psychological job demands (1-4b) | 2.65 (0.31) | -0.04 | -1.54; 1.47 | 0.96 |
Physical job demands (1-4b) | 1.98 (0.61) | 0.63 | -0.11; 1.37 | 0.09 |
Co-worker social support (1-4b) | 3.09 (0.46) | 0.22 | -0.77; 1.21 | 0.67 |
Not or moderately satisfied with work | 31.3a | 2.35 | 1.47; 3.24 | <0.01 |
Work instability (0-23b) | 8.87 (4.80) | 0.28 | 0.20; 0.36 | <0.01 |
Sick leave during last 12 months | 0.46 | 0.17; 0.75 | <0.01 | |
Heavy demanding work | 70.7a | 1.01 | 0.04; 1.98 | 0.04 |
Work demands: | Overall p-value: | 0.25 | ||
Mental | 66.7a | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Both physical and mental | 21.3a | 0.99 | -0.18; 2.15 | 0.10 |
Physical | 12.0a | 0.11 | -1.29; 1.52 | 0.87 |
Treatment center: | Overall p-value: | 0.12 | ||
Specialized rheumatology center | 76.7a | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Academic hospital | 10.0a | -0.94 | -2.40; 0.52 | 0.21 |
Regional hospitals | 13.3a | -1.22 | -2.54; 0.10 | 0.07 |
Factor | Multivariate N = 100 | |
---|---|---|
B | 95% CI | |
Mental health | -0.06 | -0.09 : -0.02 |
Physical role limitations | -0.01 | -0.03; -0.002 |
Biological therapeutic used since diagnosis; yes | 1.06 | 0.25; 1.87 |
Not or moderately satisfied with work | 1.00 | 0.08; 1.92 |
Work instability | 0.10 | 0.001; 0.21 |
Independent variables (Quality of life dimensions RAND 36): | Dependent variable: at-work productivity loss | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude analysis | Adjusted analysis | |||
ß | 95% CI | ß | 95% CI | |
Mental health | -0.10 | -0.13; -0.08 | -0.06a | -0.09; -0.03 |
Physical role limitations | -0.03 | -0.04; -0.02 | -0.01b | -0.02; 0.0004 |
Pain | -0.05 | -0.07; -0.02 | -0.03c | -0.06; 0.003 |