Background
Methods
Study population
Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age at diagnosis
| ||
<50 | 44 | 22.8 |
≥50 | 149 | 77.2 |
pT stage
| ||
pT1
| 105 | 54.4 |
pT2
| 85 | 44.0 |
pT3
| 3 | 1.6 |
Histological grade
| ||
G I | 41 | 21.2 |
G II | 105 | 54.4 |
G III | 47 | 24.4 |
Estrogen receptor status
| ||
Negative | 45 | 23.3 |
Positive | 148 | 76.7 |
Progesterone receptor status
| ||
Negative | 81 | 42.0 |
Positive | 112 | 58.0 |
Hormone receptor status
1
| ||
Negative | 39 | 20.2 |
Positive | 154 | 79.8 |
HER-2 status
| ||
Negative | 167 | 86.5 |
Positive | 26 | 13.5 |
Death
| ||
Of cancer | 30 | 15.5 |
Unrelated to cancer | 25 | 12.9 |
Surviving | 138 | 71.5 |
Relapse
| 57 | 29.5 |
Regional | 21 | 10.9 |
Metastasis | 44 | 22.8 |
Contralateral | 5 | 2.6 |
No relapse | 136 | 70.5 |
COX-2 intensity score (IS)
| ||
0 | 35 | 18.1 |
1 | 45 | 23.2 |
2 | 65 | 33.7 |
3 | 48 | 24.9 |
COX-2 proportion score (PS)
| ||
0 | 35 | 18.1 |
1 | 24 | 12.4 |
2 | 42 | 21.8 |
3 | 33 | 17.1 |
4 | 59 | 30.6 |
COX-2 immunostaining score (product of IS and PS)
| ||
0 | 35 | 18.1 |
1 | 11 | 5.7 |
2 | 22 | 11.4 |
3 | 16 | 8.3 |
4 | 30 | 15.5 |
6 | 20 | 10.4 |
8 | 23 | 11.9 |
9 | 9 | 4.7 |
12 | 27 | 14.0 |
COX-2 immunostaining status
| ||
Negative | 145 | 75.1 |
Positive | 48 | 24.9 |
Immunohistochemistry
Evaluation of COX-2 immunostaining
Gene array data for fresh frozen tissue
Gene expression profiling and data processing
Ethics Statement
Statistical analysis
Results
Immunohistochemically determined COX-2 expression independently predicts prognosis
A. Univariate Cox analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Prognostic factor | p | HR | 95% CI |
COX-2 immunostaining status | 0.001 | 2.427 | 1.426-4.131 |
B. Multivariate Cox analysis | |||
Prognostic factors | p | HR | 95% CI |
Age | 0.467 | 0.802 | 0.443-1.452 |
(<50 vs ≥50 years) | |||
pT stage | 0.815 | 1.068 | 0.614-1.861 |
(≤2cm vs >2cm) | |||
Histological grade | |||
(Grade 3 vs grade 1 and 2) | <0.001 | 4.510 | 2.562-7.940 |
HR1 (ER or PR) | 0.523 | 0.813 | 0.431-1534 |
(negative vs. positive) | |||
HER-2 status | 0.498 | 1.273 | 0.633-2.559 |
(positive vs negative) | |||
COX-2 immunostaining status | <0.001 | 2.767 | 1.563-4.901 |
COX-2 and metastasis-free survival
A. Univariate Cox analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Prognostic factor | p | HR | 95% CI |
COX-2 intensity score | 0.002 | 2.582 | 1.418-4.703 |
B. Multivariate Cox analysis | |||
Prognostic factors | p | HR | 95% CI |
Age | 0.693 | 0.869 | 0.432-1.747 |
(<50 vs ≥50 years) | |||
pT stage | 0.287 | 1.411 | 0.749-2.658 |
(≤2cm vs >2cm) | |||
Histological grade | |||
(Grade 3 vs grade 1 and 2) | <0.001 | 4.315 | 2.275-8.182 |
HR1 (ER or PR) | 0.888 | 0.951 | 0.471-1.920 |
(negative vs. positive) | |||
HER-2 status | 0.122 | 1.798 | 0.855-3.783 |
(positive vs negative) | |||
COX-2 intensity score | 0.002 | 2.70 | 1.469-5.263 |
A. Univariate Cox analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Prognostic factor | p | HR | 95% CI |
COX-2 immunostaining status | 0.043 | 2.128 | 1.023-4.427 |
B. Multivariate Cox analysis | |||
Prognostic factors | p | HR | 95% CI |
Age | 0.984 | 0.991 | 0.418-2.350 |
(<50 vs ≥50 years) | |||
pT stage | 0.547 | 1.262 | 0.592-2.693 |
(≤2cm vs >2cm) | |||
Histological grade | |||
(Grade 3 vs grade 1 and 2) | <0.001 | 5.331 | 2.325-12.223 |
HR1 (ER or PR) | 0.812 | 0.903 | 0.391-2.089 |
(Negative vs. positive) | |||
HER-2 status | 0.290 | 1.592 | 0.672-3.770 |
(Positive vs negative) | |||
COX-2 immunostaining status | 0.096 | 1.929 | 0.889-4.187 |