Prognostic value of tumoral heterogeneity and volumetric parameters as measured by F18-FDG PET/CT in sinonasal cancer

The objective of this study was to investigate the value of parameters assessed with F18-FDG PET/CT in predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with cancer of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. Thirty-eight patients with cancer of nasal cavity (n = 14) and paranasal sinus (n = 24) who underwent PET/CT prior to curative treatment were enrolled. A volume of interest was placed on PET/CT images covering the entire tumor volume, and the maximum SUV (SUV_max), the mean SUV (SUV_mean), and volumetric parameters of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured using thresholds of 40 % of SUV_max. The heterogeneity factor (HF) defined as the derivative of volume-threshold function from 40 to 80 % of SUV thresholds. RFS and DSS were defined as the time from the diagnosis to recurrence and death. Median values of SUV_max, SUV_mean, MTV, TLG, and HF were 14.81, 9.16, 25.84, 150.74, and −0.496. SUV_max was higher in patients with advanced stage and nodal metastasis. High MTV and low HF group showed shorter RFS. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed low HF was the only significant predictive factor on RFS. Furthermore, high TLG was associated with shorter DSS. High TLG was potent predictor of DSS by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. In conclusion, the tumoral heterogeneity and volumetric parameters as measured by F18-FDG PET/CT could be significant prognostic surrogate markers in patients with sinonasal cancer.