Background
Methods
Study design
Study endpoints
Statistical analysis
Results
Acute pyelonephritis | Community-acquired pneumonia | Intra-abdominal infections | Primary bacteremia | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No sepsis | Sepsis |
p
| No sepsis | Sepsis |
p
| No sepsis | Sepsis |
p
| No sepsis | Sepsis |
p
| |
Number of patients | 542 | 901 | 146 | 853 | 399 | 334 | 81 | 253 | ||||
Male gender (n, %) | 145 (26.8) | 361 (40.0) | < 0.0001 | 78 (53.4) | 473 (55.4) | 0.897 | 180 (45.2) | 148 (45.1) | 1.000 | 40 (49.4) | 123 (48.6) | 1.000 |
Age (mean ± SD, years) | 61.1 ± 22.0 | 74.8 ± 15.3 | < 0.0001 | 61.4 ± 20.2 | 75.3 ± 14.9 | < 0.0001 | 55.4 ± 24.3 | 74.7 ± 14.8 | < 0.0001 | 63.3 ± 19.7 | 72.9 ± 14.5 | < 0.0001 |
APACHE II score (mean ± SD) | 9.2 ± 6.0 | 16.5 ± 7.4 | < 0.0001 | 8.4 ± 4.8 | 18.4 ± 7.6 | < 0.0001 | 7.5 ± 4.9 | 17.5 ± 8.9 | < 0.0001 | 9.2 ± 4.6 | 19.8 ± 7.5 | < 0.0001 |
SOFA score (mean ± SD) | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 3.0 | < 0.0001 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 3.2 | < 0.0001 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 3.0 | < 0.0001 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 3.4 | < 0.0001 |
CCI (mean ± SD) | 3.0 ± 2.5 | 5.0 ± 2.6 | < 0.0001 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 4.8 ± 2.4 | < 0.0001 | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 4.6 ± 2.4 | < 0.0001 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | < 0.0001 |
28-day mortality (n, %) | 21 (3.9) | 208 (23.1) | < 0.0001 | 7 (4.8) | 323 (37.9)* | < 0.0001 | 17 (4.3) | 109 (32.6)* | < 0.0001 | 4 (4.9) | 98 (38.6)* | < 0.0001 |
Primary study endpoint
Secondary study endpoints
Co-morbidity | Odds ratio | 95% confidence intervals | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Patients with acute pyelonephritis | |||
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 1.31 | 1.02–1.68 | 0.033 |
Chronic heart failure | 1.93 | 1.39–2.69 | < 0.0001 |
Chronic renal disease | 29.31 | 9.26–92.86 | < 0.0001 |
Non-metastatic solid tumor malignancy | 2.03 | 1.40–2.89 | < 0.0001 |
Corticosteroid intake | 2.08 | 1.08–3.98 | 0.028 |
Stroke | 1.70 | 1.21–2.39 | 0.002 |
Dementia | 1.97 | 1.37–2.84 | < 0.0001 |
Patients with community-acquired pneumonia | |||
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 1.73 | 1.06–2.82 | 0.027 |
Chronic heart failure | 1.99 | 1.13–3.49 | 0.016 |
Coronary heart disease | 3.72 | 1.69–8.19 | 0.001 |
Dementia | 3.44 | 1.64–7.24 | 0.001 |
Patients with intraabdominal infections | |||
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 3.29 | 2.15–5.03 | < 0.0001 |
Chronic renal disease | 26.77 | 3.51–204.37 | 0.002 |
Corticosteroid intake | 3.86 | 1.41–10.53 | 0.008 |
Atrial fibrillation | 2.73 | 1.41–5.28 | 0.003 |
Dementia | 9.33 | 3.79–22.97 | < 0.0001 |
Liver cirrhosis | 9.16 | 1.06–79.53 | 0.044 |
Patients with primary bacteremia | |||
Dementia | 8.55 | 1.12–65.20 | 0.038 |
Co-morbidity | Odds ratio | 95% confidence intervals | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Patients with acute pyelonephritis | |||
Chronic heart failure | 2.54 | 1.82–3.55 | < 0.0001 |
Chronic renal disease | 1.71 | 1.13–2.60 | 0.011 |
Non-metastatic solid tumor malignancy | 2.13 | 1.44–3.17 | < 0.0001 |
Corticosteroid intake | 2.05 | 1.09–3.84 | 0.024 |
Stroke | 2.97 | 2.12–4.17 | < 0.0001 |
Dementia | 2.18 | 1.51–3.15 | < 0.0001 |
Patients with community-acquired pneumonia | |||
Coronary heart disease | 1.87 | 1.30–2.69 | 0.001 |
Dementia | 2.20 | 1.53–3.17 | < 0.0001 |
Patients with intraabdominal infections | |||
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 1.84 | 1.16–2.93 | 0.010 |
Chronic renal disease | 2.67 | 1.12–6.35 | 0.026 |
Non-metastatic solid tumor malignancy | 3.03 | 1.79–5.13 | < 0.0001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 2.23 | 1.11–4.48 | 0.024 |
Dementia | 3.69 | 1.87–7.25 | < 0.0001 |
Liver cirrhosis | 4.59 | 1.20–17.51 | 0.025 |
Patients with primary bacteremia | |||
Dementia | 3.87 | 1.65–9.12 | 0.002 |
Discussion
Conclusion
Funding
Availability of data and materials
Ethics approval and consent to participate
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Ethics Committee of “Alexandra” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of 251 Air Force General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of ATTIKON University General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of Asklipieion General Hospital of Voula, Territory of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Center for Trauma Resuscitation- KAT” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Evangelismos” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Evgenideio” Hospital of Athens
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Ethics committee of “Hippokrateio” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics committee of “Hygeia” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “G. Gennimatas” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Laikon” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Konstantopouleio-Aghia Olga” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Korgialeneion-Benakion” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Sismanogleion” General Hospital of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Sotiria” Athens General Hospital
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Ethics Committee of “Thriasio” Elefsis General Hospital Territory of Athens
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Ethics Committee of “Aghios Dimitrios” General Hospital of Thessaloniki
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Ethics Committee of “G. Gennimatas” General Hospital of Thessaloniki
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Ethics Committee of “Aghios Pavlos” General Hospital of Thessaloniki
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Ethics Committee of “Theagenio” Hospital of Thessaloniki
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Ethics Committee of “Metaxa” Hospital of Piraeus
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Ethics Committee of “Tzaneio” General Hospital of Piraeus
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Ethics committee of University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Argos
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Arta
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Ethics committee of General Hospital of Chios
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Ethics Committee of University General Hospital of Ioannina
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Karditsa
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Korinthos
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Lamia
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Ethics Committee of University General Hospital of Larisa
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Nicosia
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Ethics committee of General Hospital of Nafplion
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Ethics Committee of University General Hospital of Patras
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Ptolemaida
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Sparti
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Trikala
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Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Zakynthos