Background
Methods
Study population
Assessment of CAP (outcome)
Measurement of HbA1c (exposure) and other biochemical parameters
Assessment of other potential confounders
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | Baseline HbA1c levels | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 5.6% | 5.7–6.4% | ≥ 6.5% | ||
n | 13,417 | 3296 | 150 | – |
Age, year | 40.8 ± 20.6 | 51.5 ± 12.3 | 55.9 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |
Women, % | 43.4 | 34.8 | 30.7 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.4 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 3.3 | 26.7 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 117.7 ± 15.3 | 125.5 ± 16.2 | 131.7 ± 16.1 | < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 74.0 ± 11.0 | 77.9 ± 11.0 | 81.2 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 |
FBG, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 109.2 ± 14.3 | 100.4 ± 14.5 | 98.8 ± 14.3 | < 0.001 |
hs-CRP, mg/La | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
WBC, 109/L | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
Model | Baseline HbA1c groups | Each percent of HbA1c | p trend | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 5.6% | 5.7–6.4% | ≥ 6.5% | |||
n | 13,417 | 3296 | 150 | – | – |
CAP case | 2835 | 1044 | 63 | – | – |
Age- and sex-adjusted | Ref | 1.51 (1.4, 1.62) | 2.06 (1.61, 2.65) | 1.89 (1.71, 2.1) | < 0.001 |
Multivariate adjusteda | Ref | 1.26 (1.16, 1.37) | 1.52 (1.16, 2.01) | 1.44 (1.27, 1.64) | < 0.001 |
Further adjusted for baseline WBC | Ref | 1.29 (1.19, 1.4) | 1.64 (1.25, 2.17) | 1.52 (1.33, 1.72) | < 0.001 |
Further adjusted for baseline hs-CRP | Ref | 1.32 (1.21, 1.43) | 1.72 (1.3, 2.29) | 1.56 (1.37, 1.78) | < 0.001 |
Model | HbA1c groups | Each percent of HbA1c | p trend | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 5.6% | 5.7–6.4% | ≥ 6.5% | ||||
Sensitivity-1 | n | 12,562 | 4083 | 218 | – | – |
CAP case | 1947 | 1951 | 44 | – | – | |
Multivariate adjusted | Ref | 3.01 (2.81, 3.23) | 1.42 (1.04, 1.95) | 2.94 (2.67, 3.22) | < 0.001 | |
Sensitivity-2 | n | 12,636 | 2959 | 119 | – | – |
CAP case | 2649 | 921 | 50 | – | – | |
Multivariate adjusted | Ref | 1.25 (1.14, 1.36) | 1.49 (1.1, 2.03) | 1.42 (1.24, 1.63) | < 0.001 | |
Sensitivity-3 | n | 12,722 | 3023 | 124 | – | – |
CAP case | 2698 | 968 | 53 | – | – | |
Multivariate adjusted | Ref | 1.27 (1.17, 1.39) | 1.54 (1.14, 2.08) | 1.47 (1.29, 1.68) | < 0.001 | |
Sensitivity-4 | n | 13,417 | 3296 | 150 | – | – |
CAP case | 2835 | 1044 | 63 | – | – | |
Multivariate adjusted | Ref | 1.26 (1.16, 1.37) | 1.52 (1.16, 2.01) | 1.44 (1.27, 1.64) | < 0.001 | |
Sensitivity-5a | n | 1135 | 1247 | 1064 | – | – |
CAP case | 315 | 404 | 388 | – | – | |
Multivariate adjusted | Ref | 1.12 (0.96, 1.3) | 1.24 (1.05, 1.46) | 1.61 (1.08, 2.39) | 0.02 |