Background
Methods
Patients
Definitions
Study end points
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients
Total | Non-diabetic | Diabetic | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 9,797,418) | (n = 8,954,570) | (n = 842,848) | ||
Male | 5,356,943 (54.68%) | 4,838,750 (54.04%) | 518,193 (61.48%) | < 0.0001 |
Smoking | < 0.0001 | |||
Non-smoker | 5,832,072 (59.53%) | 5,363,620 (59.90%) | 468,452 (55.58%) | |
Ex-smoker | 1,394,168 (14.23%) | 1,240,121 (13.85%) | 154,047 (18.28%) | |
Current-smoker | 2,571,178 (26.24%) | 2,350,829 (26.25%) | 220,349 (26.14%) | |
Alcohol consumption | < 0.0001 | |||
Non-drinker | 5,037,180 (51.41%) | 4,558,687 (50.91%) | 478,493 (56.77%) | |
Mild-drinker | 4,087,517 (41.72%) | 3,796,029 (42.39%) | 291,488 (34.58%) | |
Heavy-drinker | 672,721 (6.87%) | 599,854 (6.70%) | 72,867 (8.65%) | |
Regular exercise (yes) | 5,022,112 (51.26%) | 4,608,738 (51.47%) | 413,374 (49.04%) | < 0.0001 |
Income (lower quartile) | 2,590,673 (26.44%) | 2,361,426 (26.37%) | 229,247 (27.20%) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 2,486,705 (25.38%) | 2,007,127 (22.41%) | 479,578 (56.90%) | < 0.0001 |
Dyslipidemia | 1,773,560 (18.10%) | 1,429,021 (15.96%) | 344,539 (40.88%) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes 5 level | < 0.0001 | |||
Non-diabetic | 6,739,088 (68.78%) | 6,739,088 (75.26%) | ||
IFG | 2,215,482 (22.61%) | 2,215,482 (24.74%) | ||
New-onset diabetes | 287,417 (2.93%) | 287,417 (34.10%) | ||
Diabetes < 5 years | 289,883 (2.96%) | 289,883 (34.39%) | ||
Diabetes ≥ 5 years | 265,548 (2.71%) | 265,548 (31.51%) | ||
Age (years) | 47.02 ± 14.06 | 46.05 ± 13.85 | 57.25 ± 12.03 | < 0.0001 |
Height (cm) | 163.89 ± 9.22 | 164.03 ± 9.21 | 162.46 ± 9.17 | < 0.0001 |
Weight (kg) | 63.90 ± 11.59 | 63.69 ± 11.57 | 66.22 ± 11.50 | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.70 ± 3.21 | 23.57 ± 3.17 | 25.01 ± 3.27 | < 0.0001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 80.19 ± 9.07 | 79.69 ± 8.97 | 85.45 ± 8.38 | < 0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.38 ± 14.94 | 121.75 ± 14.71 | 129.13 ± 15.69 | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.28 ± 9.97 | 76.02 ± 9.92 | 79.10 ± 10.12 | < 0.0001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 97.07 ± 22.85 | 92.50 ± 11.50 | 145.63 ± 45.66 | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 195.07 ± 36.59 | 194.86 ± 36.07 | 197.33 ± 41.60 | < 0.0001 |
High density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 55.43 ± 18.86 | 55.77 ± 18.64 | 51.79 ± 20.73 | < 0.0001 |
BMI and new-onset AF
n | Event | Patient*years | Incidence | Model 1 (95% CI) | Model 2 (95% CI) | Model 3 (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | |||||||
BMI | |||||||
< 18.5 | 374,501 | 5565 | 3,019,377 | 1.843 | 1.020 (0.993–1.049) | 1.055 (1.026–1.085) | 1.053 (1.025–1.083) |
18.5–23 | 3,867,084 | 62,946 | 31,641,170 | 1.989 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
23–25 | 2,423,219 | 50,163 | 19,850,785 | 2.527 | 1.125 (1.112–1.138) | 1.040 (1.028–1.052) | 1.042 (1.030–1.055) |
25–30 | 2,795,090 | 68,242 | 22,864,770 | 2.985 | 1.290 (1.276–1.304) | 1.123 (1.111–1.136) | 1.128 (1.115–1.140) |
30– | 337,524 | 9220 | 2,754,059 | 3.348 | 1.606 (1.572–1.642) | 1.327 (1.298–1.357) | 1.325 (1.296–1.354) |
WC (M/F) | |||||||
< 80/75 | 3,621,432 | 44,263 | 29,751,411 | 1.488 | 0.726 (0.717–0.736) | 0.829 (0.818–0.840) | 0.836 (0.825–0.848) |
− 85/80 | 2,327,214 | 43,245 | 19,058,845 | 2.269 | 0.870 (0.859–0.882) | 0.921 (0.909–0.934) | 0.927 (0.915–0.939) |
− 90/85 | 1,936,668 | 46,009 | 15,812,732 | 2.910 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
− 95/90 | 1,134,028 | 33,661 | 9,219,448 | 3.651 | 1.148 (1.132–1.164) | 1.096 (1.080–1.111) | 1.092 (1.076–1.107) |
− 100/95 | 504,432 | 17,713 | 4,085,267 | 4.336 | 1.252 (1.230–1.274) | 1.176 (1.155–1.196) | 1.162 (1.142–1.183) |
≥ 100/95 | 273,644 | 11,245 | 2,202,458 | 5.106 | 1.615 (1.582–1.649) | 1.410 (1.381–1.440) | 1.369 (1.341–1.398) |
Non-diabetic + IFG | |||||||
BMI | |||||||
< 18.5 | 361,941 | 5055 | 2,931,149 | 1.725 | 1.034 (1.004–1.064) | 1.056 (1.025–1.087) | 1.058 (1.028–1.089) |
18.5–23 | 3,653,082 | 54,833 | 29,975,508 | 1.829 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
23–25 | 2,206,558 | 41,998 | 18,127,691 | 2.317 | 1.129 (1.114–1.143) | 1.050 (1.036–1.063) | 1.049 (1.036–1.062) |
25–30 | 2,453,625 | 54,545 | 20,131,059 | 2.709 | 1.288 (1.273–1.303) | 1.134 (1.120–1.148) | 1.133 (1.119–1.147) |
30– | 279,364 | 6663 | 2,287,495 | 2.913 | 1.541 (1.502–1.581) | 1.309 (1.275–1.343) | 1.294 (1.261–1.327) |
WC (M/F) | |||||||
< 80/75 | 3,490,482 | 40,229 | 28,724,841 | 1.401 | 0.727 (0.717–0.737) | 0.820 (0.808–0.832) | 0.833 (0.821–0.845) |
− 85/80 | 2,148,892 | 37,280 | 17,642,987 | 2.113 | 0.872 (0.859–0.884) | 0.918 (0.905–0.931) | 0.926 (0.913–0.940) |
− 90/85 | 1,722,709 | 37,924 | 14,109,867 | 2.688 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
− 95/90 | 968,520 | 26,661 | 7,904,775 | 3.373 | 1.154 (1.136–1.172) | 1.107 (1.089–1.124) | 1.101 (1.083–1.118) |
− 100/95 | 412,804 | 13,266 | 3,359,409 | 3.949 | 1.244 (1.219–1.269) | 1.185 (1.161–1.208) | 1.163 (1.140–1.186) |
≥ 100/95 | 211,163 | 7734 | 1,711,022 | 4.520 | 1.594 (1.556 –1.634) | 1.418 (1.384–1.454) | 1.365 (1.332–1.399) |
Diabetic | |||||||
BMI | |||||||
< 18.5 | 12,560 | 510 | 88,228 | 5.780 | 1.096 (1.002–1.198) | 1.119 (1.024–1.224) | 1.100 (1.006–1.203) |
18.5–23 | 214,002 | 8113 | 1,665,662 | 4.871 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
23–25 | 216,661 | 8165 | 1,723,094 | 4.739 | 0.993 (0.963–1.024) | 0.970 (0.940–1.000) | 0.972 (0.942–1.002) |
25–30 | 341,465 | 13,697 | 2,733,711 | 5.010 | 1.104 (1.074–1.134) | 1.053 (1.024–1.082) | 1.054 (1.025–1.084) |
30– | 58,160 | 2557 | 466,564 | 5.480 | 1.486 (1.421–1.554) | 1.362 (1.301–1.425) | 1.341 (1.282–1.403) |
WC (M/F) | |||||||
< 80/75 | 130,950 | 4034 | 1,026,570 | 3.930 | 0.920 (0.886–0.955) | 0.963 (0.927–1.001) | 0.965 (0.929–1.003) |
− 85/80 | 178,322 | 5965 | 1,415,858 | 4.213 | 0.925 (0.895–0.957) | 0.945 (0.914–0.977) | 0.949 (0.917–0.981) |
− 90/85 | 213,959 | 8085 | 1,702,865 | 4.748 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
− 95/90 | 165,508 | 7000 | 1,314,673 | 5.325 | 1.084 (1.050–1.119) | 1.062 (1.029–1.097) | 1.054 (1.021–1.089) |
− 100/95 | 91,628 | 4447 | 725,857 | 6.127 | 1.187 (1.144–1.232) | 1.156 (1.114–1.200) | 1.150 (1.108–1.193) |
≥ 100/95 | 62,481 | 3511 | 491,435 | 7.144 | 1.503 (1.445–1.565) | 1.419 (1.363–1.477) | 1.371 (1.317–1.427) |