Introduction
Patients and Methods
The Three Decision Aids
DA 1 | DA 2 | DA 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Implementation period | July 2013–July 2014 | March 2014–March 2016 | August 2014–June 2016 |
Number of hospitals | 8 | 16 | 8 |
Number of DAs distributed | 284 | 273 | 351 |
Number of patients evaluating DA | 255 | 183 | 235 |
DA format | Print booklet | Print booklet or online (by patient choice) | Online |
Intended use | During consultation | Outside consultation | Outside consultation |
DA content | General information about (treatment of) Pca is described first, then specific information on the procedures, the likelihood of cure and side effects in the urinary, and bowel and sexual domain for the each treatment is described. Risk information on the probabilities of progression, survival, and side effects (urinary, bowel and erectile) are presented by means of pie charts. No explicit values clarification exercises are included. | Treatment options are described in short terms. Arguments in favor and against each treatment are presented separately. Pros and cons that are presented include the following topics: cure, treatment, and quality of life. No explicit values clarification exercises are presented. An alphabetical glossary of difficult terminology is included, adjusted to low literacy. No values clarification exercises are included. | Elaborate information (text and graphics) about Pca and common terminology is provided. Active surveillance is compared with treatments, and in a next step, surgery is compared with radiation options. Advantages, disadvantages, and risks of each option are discussed. Risks are presented in a graphical display. VCEs are included as statements to trade off treatment attributes. A DA summary can be obtained for use during a follow-up consultation. |
Setting and Participants
Outcome Measures
Data Analysis
Results
DA 1 (n = 255) | DA 2 (n = 183) | DA 3 (n = 235) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at informed consent, mean (SD) | 66.0 (5.9) | 66.3 (6.2) | 64.9 (6.0) | .04 |
Marital status, n (%) | ||||
Married/living together | 222 (87%) | 149 (81%) | 208 (88%) | .09 |
Single/Other | 33 (13%) | 34 (19%) | 27 (12%) | |
Education, n (%) | ||||
Low | 94 (37%) | 63 (34%) | 76 (33%) | .01 |
Medium | 62 (25%) | 66 (36%) | 54 (23%) | |
High | 96 (38%) | 54 (30%) | 101 (44%) | |
Gleason score, mean (SD)1 | 6.5 (0.7) | 6.7 (0.9) | 6.4 (0.8) | .001 |
≤ 6, n (%) | 158 (63%) | 89 (53%) | 134 (61%) | .13 |
≥ 7, n (%) | 93 (37%) | 78 (47%) | 86 (39%) | |
Missing, n | 4 | 16 | 15 | |
PSA level, mean (SD)1 | 9.2 (5.3) | 9.9 (8.4) | 7.9 (3.9) | .002 |
≤ 10.0, n (%) | 183 (73%) | 115 (69%) | 180 (77%) | .20 |
10.1–20.0, n (%) | 60 (24%) | 42 (25%) | 49 (21%) | |
≥20.1, n (%) | 8 (3%) | 10 (6%) | 5 (2%) | |
Missing, n | 4 | 16 | 1 |
DA 1 N = 255 | DA 2 N = 183 | DA 3 N = 235 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Practical implementation, agreed with statement, n (%) | ||||
Received DA from doctor | 189 (78%) | 138 (76%) | 151 (64%) | .003 |
Doctor is most suitable to provide DA | 200 (82%) | 143 (81%) | 168 (72%) | .02 |
Received DA within a week from diagnosis | 175 (69%) | 159 (87%) | 154 (66%) | < .001 |
Satisfied with moment of receipt | 232 (92%) | 173 (95%) | 196 (92%) | |
DA was sufficiently explained | 226 (89%) | 161 (88%) | 186 (87%) | |
Satisfied with DA format | 250 (99%) | 176 (96%) | 168 (79%) | < .001 |
DA added much to other information | 181 (83%) | 141 (83%) | 107 (56%) | < .001 |
Implementation barriers confirmed, n (%) | ||||
Forgot to use the DA | 6 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 9 (4%) | |
DA was too difficult | 7 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 10 (5%) | |
DA was steering towards a treatment | 21 (9%) | 14 (8%) | 20 (10%) | |
DA was unclear | 5 (2%) | 9 (5%) | 12 (6%) | |
DA was unpractical | 10 (4%) | 9 (5%) | 25 (12%) | .002 |
Was not confident in DA | 20 (8%) | 8 (4%) | 24 (12%) | .03 |
Expected no benefit | 15 (6%) | 15 (8%) | 29 (14%) | .01 |
Expected DA would be burdensome | 12 (5%) | 4 (2%) | 11 (5%) | |
Not motivated to use DA | 11 (5%) | 4 (2%) | 13 (6%) | |
Expected DA would increase uncertainty | 17 (7%) | 5 (3%) | 13 (6%) | |
DA was insufficiently adjusted to specific needs | 30 (12%) | 8 (4%) | 28 (14%) | .006 |
Implementation facilitators confirmed, n (%) | ||||
DA was pleasant to use | 223 (91%) | 166 (91%) | 166 (80%) | .001 |
DA was well organized | 234 (95%) | 172 (94%) | 175 (85%) | < .001 |
DA enabled treatment comparisons | 222 (90%) | 164 (90%) | 163 (79%) | .001 |
DA gave insight in treatment (dis)advantages | 226 (92%) | 170 (93%) | 168 (81%) | < .001 |
Felt DA information was complete | 204 (84%) | 154 (84%) | 154 (74%) | .02 |
DA was important addition to other information | 217 (90%) | 166 (91%) | 152 (73%) | < .001 |
Pleasant to use DA as additional source of information | 231 (94%) | 160 (87%) | 165 (80%) | < .001 |
Confident in DA quality | 231 (94%) | 170 (93%) | 170 (82%) | < .001 |
Expected DA would reduce uncertainty about decision | 167 (69%) | 146 (80%) | 124 (60%) | < .001 |
Used the DA to determine treatment | 176 (72%) | 153 (84%) | 123 (59%) | < .001 |
DA made easier to talk with relatives | 202 (83%) | 160 (87%) | 129 (62%) | < .001 |
DA made easier to talk with care providers | 196 (81%) | 157 (86%) | 123 (59%) | < .001 |
Recommend DA to others | 219 (100%) | 171 (99%) | 172 (90%) | < .001 |